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DEMOGRAPHICAL PATTERN OF BLOOD DONORS AND PRE-DONATION DEFERRAL CAUSES IN DHAHRAN, SAUDI ARABIA

SN SITI SURIANI BINTI ABDULLAH

Unit Kutipan Darah

Journal of Blood Medicine,

2020

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INTRODUCTION

  • Donated blood is crucial for health care in a wide range of medical services to correct losses due to surgery or massive trauma,severe anemia, hematological malignancies and treating pregnancy –related complications.
  • Whole blood donor is define as a proportion of individuals aged 18 years or older who donate blood.
  • Blood donors are generally categorized into voluntary, family replacement,remunerated and autologous donors.
  • Donors can be deffered for a variety of reason including sign and simptoms of relevant transfusion –transmitted infections, social behaviors, travel to certain countries, medical procedure, certain medication and pregnancy.

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AIM OF STUDY

  • To determine the demographic characteristics of blood donor, the types of donation and reasons for pre donation deferral in Saudi Arabia.
  • To estimate the rate of blood donor temporary deferrals and identifying their causes with the aim of possibly reducing their numbers.

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

  • A descriptive cross-sectional study at the Blood Bank of the King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dahran, Saudi Arabia between January 2010 and December 2018.
  • A total of 28189 donors were record during the study period.
  • The questionnaire included the demographic feature of the donor such as age, gender and the reason for donation.

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RESULTS

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Table-1 SHOWS

  • Family replacement show the highest (77.4%) than voluntary with females accounting for only 1.8%
  • Most of the donors were Saudi nationals (92.1%)
  • Donor between 18 and 34 years old constituted 87.9%, while those over 40 years old represented only 7.9%
  • For gender, male is higher (98.2%)

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  • TABLE - 2 SHOWS

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  • Pre-donation temporary deferral occurred in 3300 (11.7%) of all potential donation attempts.
  • Recent medication intake was highest (24.4%) followed by low hemoglobin (14.8%), low or high blood pressure (14.6%), low or high pulse rate (13.6%) and low weight (11.6%)

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DISCUSSION

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  • WHO has set a global action plan that will enable countries to approach 100% voluntary blood donation.

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  • Increase in voluntary blood donation units in the reporting period between 2008 and 2013.

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  • One-third of Saudi Arabia’s inhabitants are immigrants, citizens make most of the donation (92.6%)

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  • The observed decrease in donation prevalence after the age of 35 years may most likely be attributed to parenthood which seems to influence the donation frequency.

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  • Previous research has shown that women experience up to 70% more defferals from blood donation than men due to higher rates of anemia, other health problem and adverse reactions.

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CONCLUSION

  • This study showed young Saudi male citizen who mostly donated for family replacement.
  • The deferral rate is average to others countries.
  • Identification of donor deferral pattern is an important tool for blood safety and provide a major trend for policy formulation.
  • The determination of the causes of donor deferral will enhance the return and retention of the temporary deffered donor.

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PUSAT DARAH NEGARA

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  • In PDN, we implemented numerous strategies to maintain adequate and safe blood supply.

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  • The rate of deferral in blood donors should be reduce in order to achieve the target.

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  • 2021 year collection target is set as stated below but it is exceptional.

(exceptional because yearly target was not meet as pandemic declare since 2020)

i) Centre : WB- 45000/years

: APH- requested as needed per day

ii) Mobile : 110000/years

iii) Midvalley :150000/years

iv) Puspanitapuri :12000/years

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TABLE 1- DEMOGRAPHICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PRE DONATION DEFFERAL��TYPE OF DONATION

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TOTAL BLOOD DONATION AND DEFFERAL BASED ON GENDER FROM JAN-DIS 2021 IN PDN�

MONTH

GENDER

JAN

FEB

MAC

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

OGS

SEPT

OKT

NOV

DIS

MALE

9972 (61.8%)

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8580

(60%)

9781

(63.2%)

8203

(64.5%)

9426

(60%)

8698

(57.6%)

5112

(62.2%)

9902

(58.6%)

10303

(61.8%)

7784

(59%)

8808

(60%)

9565

(60.8%)

DEFER MALE

2097

(39.8%)

1550

(32.8%)

1823

(36.1%)

1700

(36.4%)

1616

(31.4%)

1640

(31.4%)

1021

(33.8%)

1879

(32.7%)

1953

(34.8%)

1292

(32.5%)

1408

(33.8%)

1626

(33%)

FEMALE

6156 38.2%

5705

(40%)

5689

(36.8%)

4510

(35.5%)

6263

(40%)

6414

(42.4%)

3101

(37.8%)

7010

(41.4%)

6377

(38.2%)

5413

(41%)

5910

(40%)

6190

39.2%)

DEFER FEMALE

3169

(60.2%)

3177

(67.2%)

3228

(63.9%)

2976

(63.6%)

3529

(68.6%)

3580

(68.6%)

1999

(66.2%)

3867

(67.3%)

3659

(65.2%)

2685

(67.5%)

2761

(66.2%)

3293

(67%)

TOTAL DEFFERAL

5266

(24.6%)

4727

(24.9%)

5051

(24.6%)

4676

(26.9%)

5145

(24.7%)

5220

(25.7%)

3020

(27%)

5746

(25.4%)

5612

(25.2%)

3977

(23%)

4169

(22.1%)

4919

(23.8%)

TOTAL DONATION

16128

(75.4%)

14285

(75.1%)

15469

(75.4%)

12713

73.1%)

15689

(75.3%)

15112

(74.3%)

8213

(73%)

16912

(74.6%)

16680

(74.8%)

13197

(77%)

14718

(77.9%)

15755

(76.2%)

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DONATE

DEFFERAL

MALE

106134 (60.7%)

19605 (34%)

FEMALE

68737 (39.3%)

37923 (66%)

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TOTAL AND PERCENTAGE OF DEFFERALS BY CAUSES OF DEFERRAL

Deferrals cause

Total/2020

(56358)

Percentage %

Total/2021

(57528)

Percentage %

Low hemoglobin (male <13.5g/dl, female <12.5g/dl)

30720

55%

31309

54.4%

Blood pressure

7701

13.6%

8214

14.3%

On medication

2142

3.8%

2207

3.8%

Operation (minor)

1083

1.9%

1175

2.0%

Underweight (<50kg)

323

0.6%

272

0.5%

Cupping

695

1.2%

654

1.1%

Tatoo

415

0.7%

361

0.6%

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Cont:

Defferal causes

Total/2020

Percentage %

Total/2021

Percentage %

URTI

1642

3.0%

991

1.7%

Sleep less than 5 hours

1324

2.3%

1398

2.4%

Immunisation/ Injection

154

0.3%

860

1.5%

Others

10159

18.0%

10087

17.53%

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Strategies implemented and practiced in PDN Malaysia�1.To prevent anemia among blood donors�

To give pamphlet and sharing information about how to increase hemoglobin

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HB�>11 g/dl- given ferrous fumarate and folic acid for 2weeks�<11 g/dl- given ferrous fumarate and folid acid for 1 month

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2.To maintain blood pressure

  • Encourage donor to take adequate rest before blood donation.
  • Encourage donor to check blood pressure regularly.

-Educate donor about normal blood pressure and how to maintain blood pressure

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3.Medication

  • Give information to donors about drugs that cannot donate blood.

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Encourage donor to share details regarding blood donation and Pusat Darah Negara in sosial media.( Facebook,Twitter and Instagram)

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