INTERACTION AND INTERDEPENDENCE
Prepared by: Kevin S. Pica, Earth and Life Science
Lesson Objectives
Identify biotic factors and abiotic factors;
Categorize the different biotic potential and environmental resistance (e.g., diseases, availability of food, and predators) that affect population explosion.
Learning Competencies
Determine the levels of organization in ecology;
Describe biotic, abiotic and each symbiotic relationship in the ecosystem; and
Create a concept map of food chain and determine the organism’s trophic level.
Lesson Outline
Levels of Organization in Ecology
Symbiotic Relationship
Energy Flow (Food Chain and Food Web)
Ecology
Pertains to the science dealing with the interaction of living organism to one another as they interact their environment.
Scientist that determines the interactions of organism with each other and the condition of the environment are called as Ecologists.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN ECOLOGY
Prepared by: Kevin S. Pica, Earth and Life Science
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Organism
Population
Pertains to an individual belonging to a single species
Group of individual species of the same kind that can mate with one another
1
2
Community
Ecosystem
Refers to all the populations, living and interacting together in a specific environment
Settings where both living and non-living things interact with one another
3
4
Ecosystem
Settings where both living and non-living things interact with one another
4
Within the ecosystem, factors such as living and non-living things can be found
Biotic are the living things, while abiotic are the non-living
Biotic – microorganisms, plants, and animals
Abiotic – soil, water, humidity, air, temperature, and light
Biosphere
Sum of all component in the Earth. It encompasses all forms of life in the planet.
5
- It is the largest of all the systems in Earth.
- It encompasses the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and the atmosphere.
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
Symbiosis pertains to any of several living arrangements between members of two different species.
It is described as association between two species that live together, whether the species benefit, harm, or have no effect on one another.
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
Commensalism
It is an association where one organism is benefited while the other is neither benefited nor harmed.
Example: Heron (Tagak) sitting on top of a carabao
Mutualism
It is an interaction between organisms where both of them benefited from the association.
Example: Flower and bee/butterfly
Competition
It is an interaction between organisms where they compete on a particular factor such as food, water, and territory.
Example: Hyenas vs. lion in African savanna
Predation
It is an interaction where one organism kills and consumes the other.
The one that kills is called the predator, while the other that serves as a food is the prey.
Example: Boar eaten by a Komodo dragon
Parasitism
It is an interaction where one organism is benefited at the expense of other organism’s health.
Example: Lice on the head and tick on a dog
Describe the type of symbiotic relationship observed in the image.
What type of symbiotic relationship is shown?
Describe the type of symbiotic relationship observed in the image.
What type of symbiotic relationship is shown?
Food Chain
This pertains to the feeding position of organisms and the transfer of energy from producers to consumers.
Food Web
Pertains to the series of interconnected food chain.
It represents a larger feeding connection and transfer of energy in an ecosystem.
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