Improving Effectiveness of Service Delivery by
Standardizing Information Exchange Formats
Digital Infrastructure for Governance
Impact & Transformation
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All content in this presentation by eGov Foundation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Founded in 2003, eGov builds Open Source Digital Public Goods and works with Governments & Markets to drive population scale Digital Transformations
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Impact on Ground
1000+ ULBs & 250M+ citizens served
National Urban Digital Platform
2.3Bn+ Verifiable Vaccine Certificates
Sanitation Platform Exemplar
PFM Platform Exemplar
Market ecosystem with 100+ partners
Multidisciplinary team of 150+ people
Our Focus
Supported By
Catalyze Market �Ecosystems
Strategic Pillars
Enhance
State Capacity
Build Digital �Public Infra
Founded by Nandan Nilekani and Srikanth Nadhamuni in 2003
Local Governance
Water & Sanitation
Public
Health
Public Finance
eGov 1.0 - Scale what works
2003
Bangalore
Property Tax
Finance
NDMC
Kanpur
Bespoke solutions for various departments of each ULBs
2010
Integrated City ERP Solution consisting of 55+ Services
Chennai
2012
Integrated City ERP Solution for all 125 ULBs in the State
Andhra Pradesh
Nandan and Srikanth form eGov
Leverage technology to scale departments to deliver better citizen services and enhance ease of living for citizens
Department by Department
City Wide
State Wide
Bangalore
eGov 2.0 - Build for Scale - Apply Platform Thinking to Urban
2013
Lessons from Aadhaar - build for scale, minimal principle, Open APIs for Interoperability, Enable market participation
Nandan and Srikanth join Aadhar
2016
eGov adopts Platform Approach and Open Sources the code
Lessons from ERP Approach - Unable to deploy AP System to other States. Tightly interdependent AP System was getting hard to evolve as each city evolved differently.
eGov fails to scale ERP to other states
Shared Data Registries
Common Services
Products and Solutions
Collaboration with market players enables multi-state rollout out a reality
2018
Punjab, Cantonment Boards, Uttrakhand, Odisha, West Bengal
2019
MoHUA selects DIGIT Urban as National Urban Digital Mission. Most states have signed and some have started implementation already.
A glimpse into the
Societal Challenges that we’re working on
What do they look like?
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Empowering the National Urban Digital Mission that aims at
the spreading convenience of digitized services across
4400 cities
35 Cr�People impacted
Improve quality of life for citizens across India
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Enabling the Jal Jeevan Mission that aims at
the provisioning of piped drinking water to
6 lac �villages in India
40 Cr�People impacted
Drinking water for every remote Indian village
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Empowering the National Health Agencies across developing countries in the Global south which depends the most on campaigns
Digital transformation of health campaigns
in the global south
100+ Countries
> 1 Bn�People impacted
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Digitally operationalising the faecal sludge management value�chain from containment to treatment, reuse and safe disposal.
Achieve zero untreated waste in towns & cities
1000 �Habitats
1000�Days
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Catalyse the
achievement of SDGs
in 30 countries by 2030
Open Source Proven Platform has catalyzed the market participation and enabling local bodies to leverage digital to mobilize revenue and deliver better services…
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Catalyze Ecosystems to Build Market Participation
To design and implement “digitally enabled” governance programs
DIGIT Academy | Toolkits and Documentation | Market Making
Enhance State Capacity for National Scale Digital Programs
Delivering accessible and transparent services and better governance
Program Governance | Playbooks & Best Practices | Program Advisory & Tech
Catalyse
Markets
State Capacity
DPIs & Platforms
Digital Public Infra to facilitate service delivery & co-creation at scale
Digital Building Blocks | End-User Solutions | Open APIs & Protocols
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Registries store data and enable real-time, authorized and consented access to trusted data
Local Gov
Sanitation
PFM
Public Health
Citizen Apps
Employee Tools
Data/Analytics
Unified Experience makes it easier for users to consume services through multiple channels and multiple languages
Domain Specific Platform to help accelerate government services using functional digital public infrastructures
Tools and Knowledge to enable the ecosystem actors to use digit core and build domain specific platforms and solutions
Reusable context-independent services that can be used to create diverse solutions across domains
Shared Data
Registries (Users, Employee….), Master Data
Reusable Services
Workflow, Location, Billing, Search, Report, Audit, …
DIGIT Core
RESTful APIS
Domain Specific Platforms & Solutions
Unified Experience
RESTful APIS
DIGIT comprises of reusable services, shared data registries and exchange that can
be leveraged to built new solutions and provide trusted data
Build
Tools
Data Exchange
Data Exchange Formats, Data Exchange Mechanism
Deploy
Manage
Docs
Knowledge
Training
Community
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Public
Grievance
Property
Registry
Citizen Mobile
DIGIT Platform helps local governments mobilize revenue and enhance citizen service delivery
Resident
Registry
Assessment
Service
Billing
Engine
Notify
Engine
Counter
Employee
Collection
Engine
Birth
Registration
Water
Connection
Marriage
Registration
Revenue Mobilization
Service Delivery
…..
Access Channels
Registries and Master Data
Employee
Registry
Security
Reusable Services
Notification
Language
Workflow
Location
Property Tax
Trade
License
Water
Connection
Rental
Assets
….
Audit
Finance
Citizen Portal
Service Events
Fiscal Events
DIGIT is now default platform for local governance in India, eGov has partnered
with MoHUA to operationalise National Urban Digital Mission
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260 Mn
Citizens
22 Mn
Transactions
$ 2.1 Bn
Revenues
3.5 Mn
Grievances
Live
Under Implementation
2725 cities (out of 4700) under implementation
Source - NIUA, State dashboards ( updated till Dec 2022), Lean Data Survey 2022
Administrator Dashboard
Service Events
Fiscal Events
National Dashboard
10X increase in payments made by citizens
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Total Payments done by Citizens (Cumulative, in Crore Rupees)
Public Financial Management
PFM Mission aims to drive transformation by leveraging platform, policy and ecosystem
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The objective of the PFM Mission is to identify and solve PFM associated problems (delays in flow of funds and substantial float of unutilized funds, problem of low data fidelity, administrative burden of implementation and outcome-oriented fundings) using a platform approach and associated policy reforms.
Enabling easy and timely flow of funds and trusted fiscal information to ensure that services to the beneficiaries are timely and responsive
Improve the financial health of the Government
Seamless real time exchange of fiscal information
Ensure a functioning and responsive service delivery system
In 2021, eGov signed an MoU with Punjab to look at streamlining the flow of
fiscal information…
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MoU signing with Department of Governance Reforms (DGR) and Department of Finance (FD) in presence of Chief Secretary of Punjab
We mapped the various actors, interactions and systems involved in the flow of financial information and funds, and run-time problems being faced by them
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Delay and Uncertainty in payments to employees, front line workers and vendors.
DDOs and employees overwhelmed with unending ad hoc information request
Disaggregated and updated information not available to forecast revenue and expenditure
Funders unable to link funding with expense and outcomes
Delay in submission of utilisation certificates as complete information not available
Incomplete, non-digital information made available for audit makes it cumbersome to establish chain of custody and verify
Unutilized funds lying in various bank accounts
Arrears building out in independent bodies with no visibility which leads to fiscal shock at end of year
State raising debt from markets even though float is available in the system
Non availability of trusted and verifiable information leads to adding of multiple non value adding verification steps and delays
Cash not available in frontline to deal with sudden demand and cumbersome process to get funds makes system unagile
Inadequate information leading to low trust in budget estimates and poor allocative efficiency
Reliable and timely information not available to administrator for making operational and policy decisions.
Service Quality and continuity impacted due to delay in payment
Pivotal Problem - Flow of Money is linked to Flow of Fiscal Information and
information exchange is slow, aggregated, inconsistent and incomprehensible
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Flow of Money
Flow of Information
Local
National
State
Data Locked in siloed systems, unavailable for Decision Making
Manual entry of data into systems often supported by paper trail for accountability. Trust in systems is very low.
Delayed decision leads to delayed payments, service delivery and disengaged citizens, employees and vendors.
Vendors
Frontline Workers
Employees
Citizens
Dire need for trusted data and exchange mechanism which can expedite the flow of information between various funding and implementing agencies
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DIGITAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
Fiscal Information Exchange
Common Data Directory
National
Sub-National
Local
Fiscal Information Exchange Standards
Trusted Fiscal
Information
Increase Velocity
of Money
Accelerate
Development
Markets
Citizens
Revenue Mobilisation
Expenditure Forecasting
Smart Payments
Audit Compliance
Decision Support Dashboards
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DIGIT + iFIX
Fiscal Information Exchange
Common Data Directory
National
Sub-National
Local
Markets
Citizens
Proposed Solution - Standard format and real time exchange mechanism can accelerate flow of fiscal information that is timely, comprehensive and comprehensible
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Flow of Money
Health
Education
Water
Sanitation
Transportation
Development
Agency
National
Government
State
Government
Local Government
Employees
Flow of Information
Front Line Workers
Implementing
Agencies
Auditing
Vendors
Citizens
Fiscal Information Exchange (iFIX)
iFIX is set of fiscal information exchange specifications to accelerate the flow of information across funding and implementing agencies
DIGIT Exchange (iFIX) will enable government agencies to exchange data with each other, provide unified services to citizens and businesses and unified data for better governance…
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Finance
IFMIS/ CFMS
Health
System 1
System 2
System 3
Education
System 1
System 2
System 3
Water
System 1
System 2
System 3
Rural
System 1
System 2
System 3
…
System 1
System 2
System 3
…
System 1
System 2
System 3
Data Exchange Layer (DIGIT Exchange)
…
Portals
Citizen Portal
Business Portal
Vendor Portal
Dashboards
Service Performance
Fiscal Performance
Compliance
…
Market
Third Party Systems
…
…
Search, Apply, Pay, Status,
Update. Cancel. Download
Estimate, Plan,
Bill, Status
Events
Search, Apply, Pay, Status,
Update. Cancel. Download
OnSearch, OnApply, OnCheck, OnPay, OnStatus, OnUpdate, OnCancel, OnDownload
Benefits of Information Exchange…
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Better
Expenditure Forecasting
Improved
Revenue
Mobilisation
Smarter
Payments
Link Outlays to Outputs to Outcomes
Quality Data Driven
Policy
Making
Improved
Liability
Management
Improved Control of Programmatic Outcomes
Funding and implementing agencies exchange two sets of information - fiscal and service delivery
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Funding Agency
Budgeting
Planning
Execution
Accounting
Auditing
Implementing Agency
Project/ Works Management
Service Delivery
Benefits Delivery
Fiscal
Service Delivery
iFIX focuses on real time electronic exchange of standardized micro level fiscal information between funding agencies and implementing agencies thus improving Coordination and Visibility
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Funding Agency
Budgeting
Planning
Execution
Accounting
Auditing
Implementing Agency
Project/ Works Management
Service Delivery
Benefits Delivery
Estimate
Demand
Plan/Commitment
Bill
Payment
Receipt
Debit
Credit
iFIX focuses on real time electronic exchange of standardized micro level fiscal information between funding agencies and implementing agencies thus improving Coordination and Visibility
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Funding Agency
Budgeting
Planning
Execution
Accounting
Auditing
Implementing Agency
Project/ Works Management
Service Delivery
Benefits Delivery
iFIX
Fiscal Information Event Type
Common Master Data
Location Code
Economic Code
Function Code
Program Code
Source of Fund
Administrative Code
Recipient Code
Beneficiary Type Code
Estimate
Demand
Plan
Bill
Payment
Receipt
Debit
Credit
Fiscal Information Exchange Specifications (iFIX V1.0)
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Message Header
Sender
Receiver
Event Header
Event Type
Event Time
Linked Events
Fiscal Line Items
Amount
Period
Administrative Details (Who)
Fiscal Line Items
Amount
Period
Administrative Details (Who)
Fiscal Line Items
Amount
Period
Function Code
Administrative Code
Recipient Code
Target Code
Economic Code
Source Of Funds
Location Code
Location
Economic Segment
e.g. Labour, Material
Function
E.g Health, Education
Programs
Source of Fund
Administration
E.g. Ministry, Dept, Agency
Recipient Segment
Target Segment
Audit Log
Fiscal Messages
Fiscal Messages
Fiscal Messages
Additional Attributes
Payment
Estimate
Plan
Bill
Draft
Event Types
Draft Fiscal Information Structure
Draft Common Master Data
Why is it spend?
Who is spending?
Where is it spent?
What is the objective of spending?
Who received the spend?
What is it spent on?
Who provided the funds?
Who is the actual beneficiary?
Sanction
Allocation
Demand
Receipt
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
iFIX is not a replacement for existing finance systems, it is an added coordination and visibility layer between implementing and funding agencies
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National Government
State Government
Local Government
Finance Ministry (PFMS)
Ministries (Program Systems)
Finance Department (IFMIS)
Department (Various Systems)
Finance Department
(Finance System)
Department (Various Systems)
iFIX
iFIX
iFIX
Finance Systems
iFIX
Health
Education
Urban
Rural
Water
Food
Fiscal
Sustainability
Revenue/ Expenditure Forecasting
Liability/Risk
Monitoring
Anomaly Detection
Program
Monitoring
As more agencies/departments connect to the fiscal information exchange, the cost of coordination reduces and pace of execution improves
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Works
Management
Procurement
Service
Delivery
IFMS
Fiscal Information Exchange Platform
Various
Dashboards
Autonomous
Bodies
Departmental
Applications
Benefits
Delivery
Local
Governments
National
Governments
Fiscal Event Standardization enables interoperability between existing systems, eliminating the need for point-to-point integrations
Enable market players to accelerate innovations without causing vendor lock-in.
Enable seamless flow of information ensuring timely visibility and agility required during emergencies.
Enable visibility of micro level fiscal data.
Fiscal data attributes provide for slicing and dicing data based on location, program, function, source of fund, target, recipient, etc.
Enable departments to build better planning, budgeting systems and share information leading to better revenue and expenditure forecast.
Streamline ease of integration between local and national governments.
Exemplifying the Fiscal Event Standards Approach
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Citizen
Unreliable and poor quality of water
No visibility of revenue and expenditure information
Large amounts of pending electricity bills
Large unplanned expenditure to pay pending bills
Challenges
Actors
GPWSC
DWSS
PSPCL
FD
Unable to collect adequate water charges
Gram Panchayat Water Sanitation Committee
Department of Water Supply and Sanitation
Lack of visibility of fiscal position of rural water committees (4300+) leads to end of year fiscal shock for the state exchequer in terms of unpaid electricity bills at state owned power corporation
Power Corporation
Finance Department
In Punjab, the DWSS lacked visibility into O&M expenses made by the local bodies and faced a build up of large unplanned liabilities
To address these challenges iFIX platform was supplemented with mGramSeva app to digitise revenues and expenses of GPWSCs
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iFIX Platform
mGramSeva app
Rural Local Body Water Committee
Revenue Collector
Citizens
Power
Corporation
Demand
Receipt
Bill
Payment
Demand
Receipt
Fiscal
Dashboards
Finance Department
Water Department
District Administration
Query
Query
Real Time Auditing
(Possible)
Bank
(Possible)
Credit
Debit
Query
Audit
mGramSeva
Fiscal Events
Bank Fiscal Events
PSPCL Fiscal Events
iFIX is enabling coordination (exchange of transactional information) between power corporation & GPWSCs and also enabling visibility for all stakeholders
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Fiscal Information Exchange (iFIX)
Power
Corporation
Finance
Department
Water
Department
Revenue Collector collecting water charges
Rural Water Committee Members at Lodhipur, Anandpur Sahib, Punjab
Mobile App for managing revenue and expenditures.
Power Corporation posts electricity bills and receipts from all the Rural Drinking Water Projects.
Bills
Payments
Demand
Receipt
Bills
Payment
Fiscal Sustainability Dashboard available to District Administration, Finance Department, Rural Department and Water Department to track gaps in real time.
Integrated Fiscal Dashboard provides real time view and various slicing and dicing possibilities between district administration, water department and finance department
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Early trends show increase in collections with more GPWSCs regularly generating demand.
Early trends show better reporting of expenditure.
Administrators can compare and identify where attention is required.
Finance Department can monitor the arrears and float in real time.
This implementation has resulted in tangible benefits for all stakeholders
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Expenses Booking
Visibility
Easy demand generation
Streamline
Collections
We are seeing improvements in demand generation, receipts and payments
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In Odisha, lack of reliable and timely fiscal data was leading to delayed payments under an Urban Employment Scheme
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Limited visibility on project execution
�Cumbersome process of verifying attendance, completion and finalising bill values to be approved
Delays in receiving payments against work completed
Unable to track if the wage seekers are being paid within defined timelines and reasons for delays
Minimal visibility on expenditure and fund utilization for schemes/ programs
CBOs
FD
Unable to track/ delayed visibility on wage, material and supervision bills due
HUDD
ULBs
WAGE SEEKERS
Challenges
Actors
DIGIT Works Management Platform (MUKTA Soft) developed and integrated with integrated financial and information management system to streamline the flow of fiscal information and expedite payments
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Smart Contracting and Smart Payments (through IFMIS-iFIX integration) will enable weekly payouts for Wage Seekers and timely payments for CBOs, leading to functional services for citizens and better expenditure management for FD (Just In Time payments)
MUKTASoft�Works Management
Contract Management
Estimation and Planning
Measurement
Project
Administration
Vendor, Staff and Attendance
Bill and Payments
CBOs
HUDD
Drawing and Disbursing Officer
IFMIS
Finance Department
Fiscal Information Exchange (iFIX)
Bank/ AePS
Payments
iFIX Dashboard
What’s Next
All content in this presentation by eGov Foundation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Reimagining PFM - Linking Outlays to Outputs
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Fiscal Information Exchange (iFIX)
Budgeting
Planning
Execution
Accounting
Auditing
Services
Works
Given that iFIX can enable real time exchange of standardized fiscal information between various agencies.
Benefits
Outlay
Output
Fiscal Sustainability, MTFF, MTBF, Annual Budgeting, Sectoral Budgeting, Gender Budgeting, Participative/Open Budgeting
Revenue Expenditure Forecasting, Procurement, Estimation etc.
Treasury, Payments, Reconciliation Demand Generation, Collection, Expenditure Management, Debt Management
Cash Based Accounting, Accrual Based Accounting
Internal Audit, External Audit - Financial, Compliance and Performance Audit
Available
LEGEND
In Progress
Not Initiated
Punjab FD has agreed to roll this out to Urban, Rural, Social Security Women and Child Welfare and Works Department to improve visibility and coordination
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Fiscal Information Exchange (iFIX)
Fiscal
Dashboard
Urban
Works
Rural
SSWCD
Water
Electricity
iFIX Specifications being enhanced for GFR Compliance
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GFR 7 - Compilation Sheet
GFR 5 - Register Showing Expenses by Head of Accounts
GFR 8 - Consolidated Accounts
GFR 6 - Broadsheet for watching Receipt of Account from Disbursing Officers
Physically/ Electronically Maintained Register for each minor or sub-head account
Record receipt of registers on 3rd of every month from DDOs
DDO
Prepared once sure that all inputs are in order
Prepare for upto end of preceding month
Controlling Officer
Controlling Officer
HOD
Bills
GFR 5 + Information from PAO
GFR 6 Totals + GFR 5 Totals + Inwards information from PAO
GFR 7
GFR Form
Preparation Process
Concerned Official
Source of Information
Control of Expenditure against Budget [ GFR Rule 57 (i to iv) ] defines standardized formats for forms to be maintained at various levels of hierarchies to ensure all expenditures made by central govt ministries and depts are as per approved budget
Defining and capturing key attributes will reduce administrative burden and enable compliance with General Financial Rules (Fin Min, India)
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GFR Forms
Key Attributes
GFR 7 - Compilation Sheet
GFR 5 - Register Showing Expenses by Head of Accounts
GFR 8 - Consolidated Accounts
GFR 6 - Broadsheet for watching Receipt of Account from Disbursing Officers
Voucher/Bill No. | Deductions | Net Amount of Bill | Sub Head of Grants | |||
| | | | | | |
Voucher/Bill No. | Name of DDO | District | Date of Receipt of Account | ||
| | | Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 |
Month | Serial No. of DDO | Sub-Head of Grants | Total for each Officer |
| Total Expenditure (Adjusted by Amt. communicated by PAO) | | |
Units of Appropriation | Grants Sanctioned | Grants Distributed | Proportionate Grant | Actual Expenditure | ||||
i) Salaries ii) Total of All Units of Appropriation | Charged | Voted | Charged | Voted | Charged | Voted | Charged | Voted |
We are working on integrating DIGIT Urban with City Finance using iFIX which will enable standardized data available on National Dashboard
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DIGIT
Urban
Fiscal Information Exchange (iFIX)
CityFinance.in
The 15th Finance Commission of India, which was formed in 2017, recommended
Already getting rolled out to 4000+ ULBs as part of NUDM
Currently data being manually extracted from audited results and pushed onto the portal.
National Dashboard by Ministry of Housing and Urban Development for monitoring audited accounts from Urban Local Bodies.
Health Infrastructure and Fiscal Information Exchange (iFIX)
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iFIX
Estimate
Plan
Demand
Receipt
Bill
Payment
Credit
Debit
Field Agent Mobile App
Offline, GIS
Campaign
Administration
Campaign
Dashboard
Campaign APIs
Campaign
Service
Estimate
Service
Individual
Registry
Household
Registry
Task
Service
Beneficiary
Registry
Facility
Vendor
Staff
Stock
Management
GIS
Expenditure
Service
Budgeting
Planning
Execution
Accounting
Auditing
Health Infrastructure
Registries
Shared Services
Interoperability
Applications
Health Campaign Applications
State-Level Scheme Monitoring Dashboard
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With ability to drill down to micro-level data…
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Resources available online
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Thank You
All content in this presentation by eGov Foundation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.