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PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

An introduction to the Philippine political system

GRADE 12

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WHAT WE’LL COVER TODAY

History of Philippine Politics

How the past shaped the country’s politics

Local Governance

How local officials solve local problems

Branches of Government

How each branch of the government does its job

Elections and Political Parties

How citizens choose leaders

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Imagine you’re the barangay captain for a day. What’s the first thing you’d do to help your community? Think about the local issues that matter to you.

Get ready to share your answer with the class.

IF YOU WERE

A LEADER...

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The Philippines has experienced many forms of government, from colonization to dictatorship, and now a republic. Each chapter shaped the country’s political identity today.

HISTORY OF

PHILIPPINE POLITICS

1898

Independence from Spain

Commonwealth government

Start of Martial Law under Marcos

EDSA People Power and return to democracy

New constitution

1986

1987

1935

1972

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BRANCHES OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

Legislative

Senate

makes the law

enforces the law

interprets the law

President

Supreme Court

Other courts

House of Representatives

Vice President

Cabinet Secretaries

Executive

Judiciary

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KEY POSITIONS

RESPONSIBILITIES

LEGISLATIVE

    • 24 Senators
    • ~306 Representatives (district and party-list)
    • Proposes national laws
    • Approves the national budget

EXECUTIVE

    • 1 President
    • 1 Vice President
    • ~20 Cabinet Secretaries
    • Implements programs and policies
    • Appoints officials
    • Leads national defense

JUDICIARY

    • 1 Chief Justice
    • 14 Associate Justices
    • Decides on legal cases
    • Reviews laws
    • Protects people’s rights

BRANCHES OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

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Do you think political dynasties are bad for democracy in the Philippines?

Pick a side, and think of 1-2 reasons to support your opinion. Then, share your thoughts with your seat mate.

POLITICAL DYNASTIES:

HELP OR HARM?

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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

Local governments make sure national programs reach people in their communities.

Based on the 1991 Local Government Code

Power is shared with the local government units (LGUs): barangays, municipalities, cities, and provinces

Empowers local leaders to respond to community needs

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ELECTIONS

Every few years, Filipinos vote to choose leaders at both the national and local levels. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) oversees the entire electoral process.

    • President (every 6 years)
    • Vice President (every 6 years)
    • Senators (12 every 3 years; serve 6-year terms)
    • Governors and Vice Governors
    • Mayors and Vice Mayors
    • Councilors
    • Barangay Captains
    • Barangay Council
    • Sangguniang Kabataan (SK)

National

Local

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These are groups of people with shared political beliefs, goals, and interests. They work together to influence government and win elections.

POLITICAL PARTIES

The Philippines has a multi-party system, which means many parties compete.

Some form coalitions during elections to boost their chances of winning.

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While the state creates and enforces laws, it is the people who give power to leaders through active participation.

Besides voting, citizens can shape politics by:

    • joining peaceful protests
    • speaking up on relevant issues
    • joining community programs.

STATE AND SOCIETY

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A RECAP

From colonial rule to democracy, key moments shaped the Philippine political system.

The executive enforces laws, the legislative creates laws, and the judiciary interprets them.

LGUs deliver services and programs that matter locally.

Voting lets citizens choose their leaders. Parties help organize and influence political decisions.

Background of Philippine politics

Branches of government

Local governance

Elections and political parties

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— Thomas Jefferson

The government you elect is the government you deserve.

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