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ADAPTING THE ACADEMIC MOTIVATION SCALE FOR USE IN PRE-TERTIARY MATHEMATICS CLASSROOMS

Name: Krithika Krishnamurthy

R.No: 30

SAP No: 40521220031

MA Psychology – Part 1, Sem 1

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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

The Self Determination theory (Richard Ryan & Edward Deci) specifies that Academic Motivation is made up of subdomains, namely –

AMOTIVATION EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

AMOTIVATION – Amotivation represents the absence of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. It is associated with a perceived lack of control over one’s actions, lack of value in a task, feelings of incompetence, or low expected returns from an activity.

EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION – Stems from a desire to engage in an activity for an unrelated outcome.

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External Regulation – Caused by rewards or punishments imposed by others.
Introjection – Takes place when individuals internalise the reasons for their behaviours and impose their own rewards or constraints.
Identification – When an individual identifies with the reason for behaving in a particular manner.

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION - An inner desire to accomplish a task which results in feelings of pleasure and fulfilment for the individual.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

The Extrinsic Motivation is further categorized from lower to higher levels of Self determination -

External Regulation

Introjection

Identification

Integrated Regulation

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DETAILS OF THE SCALE

Year of Publication	2014
Theoretical Background	Self Determination Theory
Dimensions	Amotivation External Regulation Introjection Identification Intrinsic Motivation
Total number of Items Dimension Wise	21 Amotivation – 4 External Regulation (EMER) – 4 Introjection- 4 Identification – 4 Intrinsic Motivation- 5
Scoring Instruments used	5 Point Likert Scale (1= “Does not correspond at all”, 5= “Corresponds Exactly”). Fennema Sherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale (Revised), Attitudes towards Mathematics Inventory (Short Version), Paper – pen mathematics achievement test

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PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

Short ATMI-

Exhibited strong correlations with the original AMS scale (r≥.96, p<.01 for all subscales) , internal consistencies were good ( Short version - α=.93) (Individual subscales – α ≥.85) & satisfactory test retest reliability.

FSMAS-R –

Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis indicated – Good internal consistencies (full scale α=.91; αs=.92 and .82 for the anxiety and ease subscales, respectively) and 1- month test-retest reliabilities (rxx≥.77, p <.01).

Exploratory & Confirmatory Factor analysis were conducted on 2 subsamples-

Test retest reliability – 1 month duration for all subscales ranged from .71 to .75, Satisfactory across all subscales – rxx= .73

AMTMS exhibited good internal consistency (mean α=.88) and satisfactory test retest reliability over 1 month interval (mean rxx=.73).

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ITEMS OF THE SCALE

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MODIFICATIONS

The AMTMS Scale has not included the dimension of Integrated regulation and hence there are no items for this dimension mentioned in the scale.

If the integrated regulation was included as a subdomain of the self determination theory, the following can be the items that can be included in the scale which would be scored on a 5 point Likert scale –

Why do you spend time studying mathematics?

Because mathematics has become a fundamental part of the course I chose.
It was genuinely my choice to study the subject of mathematics.
It is helpful for the goals and career choice in my life.

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REFERENCES

Tremblay, Maxime & Blanchard, Céline & Taylor, Sara & Pelletier, Luc & Villeneuve, Martin. (2009). Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its Value for Organizational Psychology Research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. 41. 213-226. 10.1037/a0015167.

Matsumoto, Hiroshi & Taniguchi, Ayano & Nishida, Junichi. (2021). A revised Self-determined Motivation Scale for Exercise with integrated regulation inclusion. Journal of Health Psychology Research. 34. 10.11560/jhpr.200608129.