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Inside a Bone

Bone Composition

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What are your bones made of ?

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Inside a Bone

  • Mineral salts
  • Water
  • Tissue

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Bone Types

By shape:

  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Sesamoid bones
  • Irregular bones

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Bone Composition

Two types of bone tissue:

  • Compact (cortical)
    • Makes the hard outer bone layer
    • Smooth and solid
    • Generally cylinder shaped
    • Surgeons need saws to cut it!
  • Spongy (cancellate)
    • Makes up the bone interior
    • Light, porous, spongy and mesh-like
    • Structurally similar to honeycomb

Red bone marrow in femur

Which bone tissue type is denser?

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Look Closer Inside the Bone

Bone marrow

  • A jelly-like substance
  • In the center of the bone
  • Produces blood cells for the body

Blood vessels

  • Run through the center of the bone
  • Deliver food, oxygen and minerals

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Two Types of Bone Marrow

Red Bone Marrow

  • Generates red and white blood cells & platelets
  • Found in flat bones like ribs and shoulders

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Yellow Bone Marrow

  • Does not make blood cells
  • Mostly fat; also stores sugar
  • Found in hollow centers of long bones

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Fun Facts

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  • Bones are one of the strongest materials
  • Bones are extremely light—lighter than steel or concrete— however they are much stronger!

Living bones are porous➔