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Basal ganglia

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Basal ganglia

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Corpus Striatum

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Coronal section of Brain

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Caudate nucleus

Head

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Relation of body of Caudate Nucleus

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Lentiform nucleus

Head

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Lentiform nucleus

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Coronal section of Brain

External capsule

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Relation of lentiform nucleus

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Connections of Corpus striatum

Cerebral cortex

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Thalamus

Substantia Nigra

Subthalamic nucleus

Globus pallidus

Red nucleus

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Amygdaloid body

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Claustrum�Subthalamic nucleus�

External capsule

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Disorders of basal ganglia

Parkinson’s Disease

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Parkinson’s disease

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Chorea

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Athetosis

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Shape “V”

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Component of internal capsule�1. motor fibers��a. corticopontine fibers

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b. Corticoneuclear and corticospinal fibers�occupy almost 2/3 of post. Limb of internal capsule

Pyramidal decussation

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Extra pyramidal

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Sensory�fibers

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  • Arterial supply

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)

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Applied anatomy

  • Damage to internal capsule due to hemorrhage or infraction leads to loss of sensation and spastic paralysis of opposite half of the body( contralateral hemiplegia)
  • Hemmorhage commonly occurs due to rupture of straite braches of middle cerebral aretry( charcot’s artery of cerebral haemorrhage)
  • It supplies posterior limb of internal capsule. Spastic paralysis occurs due to involvement of pyramidal and extrapyramidal track.

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  • 2) involvement of recurrent artery of huebner (due to thrombosis/rupture) results in paralysis of face and upper limb on the opposite side( involvement of genu and adjacent pyramidal fibres in the posterior limb)

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  • Lesion of posterior one third of posterior limb of internal capsule

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Internal Capsule

Corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers

arise from primary motor cortex.

Corticobulbar axons terminate in the

brainstem.

85% of corticospinal axons decussate

in the lower medulla.

15% form the anterior corticospinal

tract.

Internal capsule has anterior limb,

posterior limb and genu.