BIOTECHNOLOGY

Technology

• List 10 types of technology

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• Ready, Set, Go…

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• Look at your list. Under your list, write a definition of technology

Technology

• What is technology?

Technology is defined as “the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function.”

Today’s Objective

• What is Biotechnology?

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• What are some types of Biotechnology?

Biotechnology

What does the Prefix Bio- mean?

Technology- Making, modifying and using tools, machines, techniques, and systems to problem solve, improve, and complete functions

… USING LIFE

Humans have been manipulating nature for centuries.

• Any time a human has manipulated life in a way to benefit man has been biotechnology
• Some examples you might not have thought of as Biotechnology:

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What about new advances?

1. Cloning

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• Transgenic Organisms

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• Mapping the Human Genome

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Cloning

Making a CLONE

What is a clone?

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An IDENTICAL COPY (GENETICALLY)

Cloning

How??

• removing the nucleus of a body cell and substituting this nucleus for the nucleus in an egg
• The egg then thinks it has been fertilizes and develops in a test tube
• Once large enough it can be placed into a foster mother and develop and be born naturally.

CREATING AN IDENTICAL COPY OF AN INDIVIDUAL ORGANISM.

A

B

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A

Body Cell

Egg Cell

Let’s Give it a Try

• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clickandclone/

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Transgenic Organism

Break the words down

Trans- Transfer

Genic- Genetic

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Transgenic Organism- transferring genes from one organism into another

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Has anyone ever done this in a human?

He Jiankui

• First Gene-Edited Babies (cured HIV in one twin with CRISPR)
• Twin’s names are Lulu and Nana
• went to jail for 18 months

“He Jiankui and two collaborators were found guilty of “illegal medical practices” He Jiankui, the Chinese researcher who stunned the world last year by announcing he had helped produce genetically edited babies, has been found guilty of conducting "illegal medical practices" and sentenced to 3 years in prison.”

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Transgenic Organism Vocabulary

Trans- Transfer

Genic- Genetic

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Transgenic Organism- transferring genes from one organism into another

Recombinant DNA

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Recombining DNA from two different organisms

Technique: Gene Splicing

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Transgenic Organism

STEPS

1. Choose your organism and your desired trait

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• Cut the gene

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• Insert the gene

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• New DNA, codes for a new trait
• Voilà

How does new DNA make new traits?

Zebra- Parrot-Giraffe-Dog-Oppotomus

Examples

• Corn that glows when its dehydrated

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• Bacteria that produces Insulin

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• Cavity causing bacteria producing ethanol instead of acid

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• A glow in the dark tobacco plant, fish, bunny, dog, cat, monkey, scorpion…

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Transgenic Organisms Activity

Transgenic Google Worksheet

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

How Are GMO Plants Made?

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Why Do We Have GMOs?

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Why do we create GMOs?

Discuss as a class and jot down as many reasons as you can

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Watch: Sci Show GMOs (11 min)

-As you watch, add to your list

GMO:

Look over Ice-Minus Bacteria

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• how are they made?
• what do they do?
• how does this help farmers?

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Mapping Genomes

What is a Genome?

When you see Gen, think Genetics

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A genome is the entire genetic makeup of an organism

How is it done?

• The mapping of the human

genome (5 min)

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• updated video: How to Sequence a Human Genome in 7 'Easy' Steps! (4 min)
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Gene Therapy

Using viruses and CRISPR to produce deactivated or missing genes

Bacteriophage

Gene Therapy

Gene Therapy to Treat Sickle Cell

Teen is one of the first ever to get his genes edited. Why he says the process is 'cool and freaky'

CRISPR

What is CRISPR

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Gel Electrophoresis

• DEFINED:: a technique used to separate DNA using an electric field applied to a gel matrix.
• Used for analytical purposes (who’s the culprit or who’s the daddy) or to prepare for gene splicing or cloning.
• Watch: Amoeba Sisters Video (8 min)

1. Get DNA from a source (blood, hair, skin, saliva, etc.)
2. Add the same restriction enzyme (the enzyme will cut at a specific portion of the DNA, such as TAT)
3. Add all samples to the gel next to the comparison sample (such as evidence)
4. Run electricity through the gel to get the DNA to move (DNA is negatively charged so it will move towards the positive)
5. Since the DNA has been cut it will be in multiple different sized fragments (smaller fragments will move further faster
6. Once the gel has been run you need to analyze where the pieces are. You do this by adding radioactive labels that will stick to the DNA and then X-raying the gel

Step one: cut it

Step two: put it in wells

Step three: zap it with electricity

Step four: use probes and X-rays to analyze results

SOLVING A CRIME

• Look at the DNA Fingerprint created using gel electrophoresis and determine which sample matches the evidence

RELATEDNESS

• Which samples indicate the individuals are identical twins?

What can this allow us to do?

• Test for genetic conditions

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• Design babies?

DESIGN YOUR OWN BABY

• On the next slide select traits you would like the geneticist to eliminate from your egg and sperm.

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• Checking the box ensures your child will not receive these traits or that you can control them

Video Links/Food For Thought

• Design your own Baby Patent Granted (3 min)

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• Should We Make Designer Babies? (3 min)

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• News Segment(3 min)
• (update) (3 min)

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• Gattaca (2.5 min)

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• What if…. (2 min)

So where do you stand?

• How do you feel about the use of biotechnology?
• Pretend you could go back in time and take this technology with you.
• Would you want your parents to have you genetically tested?
• How about genetically designed? If they had the same order form… would you be exactly how you are?
• Why or why not. EXPLAIN

Why?

• Organisms may be genetically modified for any number of reasons. Genetic modification may be performed to make organisms more vigorous, to add resistance to specific threats, or for the goal of expressing a particular trait.
• It can be used for everything from adding nutrition to staple crops for the benefit of people in the developing world to making fish glow so that they can be sold as novelty pets.

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Pros of Transgenic Organisms

1. Make money from new products.
2. Make products that can improve health of humans – like insulin or Human Growth Hormone
3. Make food crops more nutritious, larger and disease resistant.

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The Con’s of �Transgenic Organisms

1. Creating organisms that could not survive in the natural world
2. Accidently releasing the recombinant genes into wild populations.
3. Intentionally making “bad” organisms for biological warfare.

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Pros and Cons

Make a List of Pros and Cons for your assigned form of Biotechnology

1- cloning your pet

2- gene therapy

3- designer babies

4- vaccines

5- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)- transgenic crops and livestock

6- Genetic Profiling (jobs, criminals, etc.)

7- Antibiotic Use and Creating Resistant Bacteria

8- Cloning Human Organs

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** MAKE sure to check out the database- Opposing Viewpoints using the link through our library page

DEBATE TIME!!

I will be assigning you a topic and a side. You will need to complete the debate handout