Legacies of Historical Globalization

Legacies of Historical Globalization?

• A legacy is something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past.
• Examples of legacies are:
• Political structure: parliament
• Building and monuments
• Oral history
• Cultural tradition
• Celebrations

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Economic Links

• Development on Industrialization and early capitalist systems of trade
• Clearly the links of transportation and communication can be made as well
• This type of Connection is going to have profound impacts on indigenous groups
• Exploitation was common by the time of the Scramble For Africa
• These measures were often designed to assimilate minority groups

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Outcome: Ethnocentrism

• Ethnocentrism- refers to a way of thinking that centers on one’s own race and culture.
• Ethnocentric people believe that the only valid worldview is their own.
• Prejudice, Bigotry, Hatred are used by ethnocentric individuals, often to judge people according to their own beliefs, customs and traditions
• Basis of Social Darwinism

Eurocentrism

• Eurocentrism- is a form of ethnocentrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious and linguistic criteria to judge other people and their culture.
• An examples of this is in 1907 when R. Bennett, Canada’s Prime Minister told B.C that they “ must remain a white man’s country.” When Asian immigrants were trying to unite their families.
• Chinese Head Tax--Tax Asian wokers had to pay to bring their families in.

Activity

“It is this consciousness of the inherent superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well educated and cleaver a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no (military) rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer.

---Lord Kitchener British Commander and Chief in India 1903

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What Legacies for modern day Canada can we glean from this perspective?

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Legacies and Patterns of Historical Globalization

• Language
• Migration / Immigration
• Displacement
• Depopulation

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*Be able to provide examples of each of these to support issue questions with evidence.*

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Language

• Imperial powers changed the culture of people in their colonies over time.
• Forcing indigenous peoples to speak their languages has left a major legacy of globalization.
• Examples: English spoken around the world, French spoken in Africa, Spanish spoken in Central and South America. Others?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kg8jS-AMyMo

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Migration and Immigration

• Why do people move from place to place?
• What legacies of historical globalization causes them to leave the country of their birth?
• Search for a better life and opportunity.
• Fleeing conflict, famine or natural disaster.
• Religious persecution or freedom of practice.
• Other…….?

Immigration

Origin of Immigrants to Canada 1913

Are there other countries or areas of the world that you would include today?

What reasons would you give to include them?

What challenges are present?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Wc2ljGJcPo

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Displacement

• European Imperialists forced people from their land; colonists needed land of their own.
• They disregarded Indigenous peoples lifestyle, beliefs and traditions.
• Europeans drew political borders that failed to take into account indigenous peoples ethnicity, culture, religions, etc.
• This has led to wars, unrest and violence in many former colonies.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax5f9KsGfv8

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Depopulation

• Slavery, before it was abolished, greatly depopulated Africa. Those taken were often strong young men which mad it difficult for families left behind to survive.

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• Indentured Labor:

-form of labor in which people worked without wages in exchange for passage to another country or location. Workers entered into indentures (contracts) to serve an employer for a certain number of years. In return, the workers received transportation and legal entry, as well as food, shelter, and other assistance. People who worked under indentures were sometimes called indentured servants.

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• Famine and Disease
• Killed an estimated 30 million people in India in late 1800’s early 1900’s.
• How might this affect the number of indentured laborers?

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• Suggest what these empires might look like in 1924 if the trends continue.
• What event occurred in 1914 to interfere with empire building?
• How might the legacies of historical globalization be different today if the empire building trend had continued?

How the Exchange of Goods and Technology Affect People

• The exchange of goods and technology sparks a chain of events that often leads to dramatic changes in cultures communities around the world.
• vents.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtF9QBQGMt4

Restoring bison, reconciliation of culture and identity

Buffalo were an important part of First Nation people in North America.

The Spanish introduced horse to North America.

The introduction allowed First nations in the Canadian Prairies to travel faster and further. They changed their culture. Horse became a status of wealth.

Guns were introduced by European settlers traveling west.

With the introduction of Horses and Guns, Buffalo were hunted more efficiently.

This fed the European need for Buffalo hide, which was used for blankets and leather. The Industrial Revolution also used Buffalo leather to make belts for machines because it was stronger than other types of leather.

Result was that the buffalo population dropped dramatically from 30 million to less than 1000 in the early 1900s. This contributed to the lost of parts of First Nations culture.

Ivory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gitq6_qVCL8

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Stop for Today

How did Historical Globalization Affect People

• The act of imperialism often denied Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in colonies the ability to control their own destiny.
• As a result the lives of some Indigenous and non-Indigenous people improved, yet many cultural genocide
• Identities were forever shattered, altered, swept aside, as a result of imperialism

Contact and Cultural change in India

• The British government allowed the British East India Company to have a monopoly in India and Asia.
• They made profit by trading cotton, tea and spices such as pepper and ginger.
• In order to protect their monopoly, the company formed political alliances with traditional Indian rulers.
• The company relied on the Indian rulers to persuade their subjects to co-operate with the company and keep goods flowing smoothly.

• The company also created its own army, with British men as officers and Indians being enlisted men.
• This army supported Indian allies and protected its monopoly against other companies.
• Over all the company used military might , bribery and extortion to ensure that trade continued to flow smoothly in the company’s favour.
• Many argue that the British East India Company was the first transnational corporation.
• Used Imperialism to economically control colonies

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https://youtu.be/c-TSPUKVt-0

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Raji

• The British East India Company often used brutal business practices such as high taxes on the people of India and corruption of company officials.
• Due to this the British government took over direct rule of India, which was known as Raji or in “rule”

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Cotton and Deindustrialization in India

• As the industrial Revolution grew in Britain, manufactures needed raw materials.
• They also needed markets to sell their surplus manufactured goods to people in British colonies.
• Therefore colonies were made to be a source of raw resources and markets.
• One of the largest industries in Britain at the time was the textile industry.
• Indian Textilles were stopped

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• However cotton cloth was also a large export for India.
• In order to avoid this competition and protect British Industry the British government enacted law that banned the import of cotton form India.
• As a result deindustrialization which is the loss of industry occurred in India

Legacy of Imperialism and the rise of Nationalism under Mohandas Gandhi

• Mohandas Gandhi successfully led India to independence in 1947.
• He used the strategy of peaceful non-co-operation, which is based on the idea of being self-sufficient.
• Gandhi believed that every Indian should be self-sufficient.
• He viewed cotton as a powerful symbol of British oppression and Indians’ desire for self-sufficiency and independence.

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• In order to become self-sufficient Gandhi suggested that Indians hand-spin cotton thread to make their own cloth.
• If Indians wore homespun cotton they would free themselves of the need to buy British-made cloth and would solve the unemployment problem.
• Eventually this ideal was expanded to other products such as food, Salt, and locally manufactured products.

Activity

Watch Gandhi’s response to British Rule?

What do you think about his ideology?

Gandhi’s speech:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hS1YWtalPY

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Plan:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WW3uk95VGes

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Legacy of Imperialism in India today:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj1iDiK1O0k

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• Many Indigenous Indian people were forced to abandon their traditional way of life.
• Their Main Component of Who they WERE!
• They were forced to work in faraway mines, plantations and factories, cotton fields, etc
• The working conditions were appalling and wages were extremely low.
• The wealth produced by the colonies often benefited the rich in the home country and not the people in the colony.
• This inequality led the tensions we see today.

Cultural Change

• Imperialism changed not only economic aspects but also cultural aspect of India
• European religion was just one cultural aspect that was exported to colonies.
• This created tension with the Already existing religions of Hindu and Islam
• Christianity changed the lives of the people who adopted it just as Islam and Buddhism changed the lives of earlier empires.