Invasive Species
April 25, 2016
invasive species | breaking news
invasive species | definition
From IUCN:
Introduced Alien Species: “introduced by man into places out of their natural range of distribution, where
they become established and disperse, generating a negative impact”
invasives | examples at home
Plants - Herbaceous
Plants - Shrubs
Plants - Trees
invasives | examples at home
Animals - Invertebrates
Animals - Fish, reptiles & amphibians
Animals - Birds
Animals - Mammals
the invasive species cycle | Asian citrus psyllid
Step 1
Step 2
Asian citrus psyllid
Step 3
Asian citrus psyllid
Tamarixia radiata
Recap
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
$$
Cost increases as time elapses and invasion intensifies
invasive rabbits | a case study
"The introduction of a few rabbits could do little harm and might provide a touch of home, in addition to a spot of hunting."
~ Thomas Austin, ~1860
Recap
invasives | why do we care?
invasives | why do we care?
invasives | why do we care?
Economic costs ~ $120 billion/year
invasives | why do we care?
Greenstripping with
Kochia & Crested wheatgrass
invasive species | Executive Order 13112
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution
and the laws of the United States of America,
including the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.),
Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.),
Lacey Act, as amended (18 U.S.C. 42),
Federal Plant Pest Act (7 U.S.C. 150aa et seq.),
Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974,
as amended (7 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.),
Endangered Species Act of 1973,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.),
and other pertinent statutes,
to prevent the introduction of invasive species and provide for their control and to minimize the economic, ecological, and human health impacts that invasive species cause, it is ordered as follows:
invasive species | Executive Order 13112
Section 1. Definitions.
(a) ‘‘Alien species’’ means, with respect to a particular ecosystem, any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem.
(b) ‘‘Control’’ means, as appropriate, eradicating, suppressing, reducing, or managing invasive species populations, preventing spread of invasive species from areas where they are present, and taking steps such as restoration of native species and habitats to reduce the effects of invasive species and to prevent further invasions.
(c) ‘‘Ecosystem’’ means the complex of a community of organisms and its environment.
(e) ‘‘Introduction’’ means the intentional or unintentional escape, release, dissemination, or placement of a species into an ecosystem as a result of human activity.
(f) ‘‘Invasive species’’ means an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.
(g) ‘‘Native species’’ means, with respect to a particular ecosystem, a species that, other than as a result of an introduction, historically occurred or currently occurs in that ecosystem.
(h) ‘‘Species’’ means a group of organisms all of which have a high degree of physical and genetic similarity, generally interbreed only among themselves, and show persistent differences from members of allied groups of organisms.
Invasive Species
Sec. 2. Federal Agency Duties.
(a) Each Federal agency whose actions may affect the status of invasive species shall, to the extent practicable and permitted by law,
(1) identify such actions;
(2) subject to the availability of appropriations, and within Administration budgetary limits, use relevant programs and authorities to:
(i) prevent the introduction of invasive species;
(ii) detect & respond rapidly to and control populations of such species in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner;
(iii) monitor invasive species populations accurately and reliably;
(iv) provide for restoration of native species and habitat conditions in ecosystems that have been invaded;
(v) conduct research on invasive species and develop technologies to prevent introduction and provide for environmentally sound control of invasive species; and
(vi) promote public education on invasive species and the means to address them; and
(3) not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of invasive species in the United States or elsewhere unless, pursuant to guidelines that it has prescribed, the agency has determined and made public its determination that the benefits of such actions clearly outweigh the potential harm caused by invasive species; and that all feasible and prudent measures to minimize risk of harm will be taken in conjunction with the actions.
invasives | characteristics
invasives | characteristics
Adaptability in form and function!!
invasives | characteristics
Aggressive
invasives | characteristics
r-Strategists
invasives | characteristics
Exploit many resources
Exploited by fewer things (because not native)
invasives rabbits | a case study
invasives | characteristics
Ability to disperse over long distances
invasives | arrival
invasives | what makes a good invasion site?
invasives | management strategies
Negative controls | Positive supports |
Mechanical
Chemical
Fire Control Biological Controls |
|
invasives | back to rabbits
invasives | case study
Nutria