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The Arizona STEM Acceleration Project

Graphing Daylight

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Graphing Daylight

A 6th Grade STEM Lesson

Melissa Hall

April 2023

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Notes for Teachers

This takes place in a classroom over 2 classes (51 min. each).

Teachers will need to review rounding minutes to the nearest quarter hour before graphing.

Directions for how to edit the graph templates are included in this presentation.

List of Materials

  • Student computers or ipads
  • Google Sheets or Microsoft Excel
  • Access to Seasons Interactive simulation
  • Data Analysis: Daylight Hours Google Classroom assignment

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Arizona Science & Math Standards

Science Standards:

6.E2U1.10 Use a model to show how the tilt of Earth’s axis causes variations in the length of the day and gives rise to seasons.

Science and Engineering Practices:

Analyze and interpret data.

Standards for Mathematical Practice:

Reason abstractly and quantitatively.

Arizona Computer Science Standards

6.DA.CVT.1 Compare different computational tools used to collect, analyze and present data that is meaningful and useful. As students continue to explore ways to gather, organize and present data visually to support a claim, they will need to understand when and how to transform data for this purpose. Examples of these computational tools could include Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets.

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Objective(s):

  • Today we will analyze temperatures and daylight hours from different locations around the world.
  • Today we will create graphs using a spreadsheets.

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Agenda (2 separate 51 minute classes)

Explore Seasons Interactive simulation

Review rounding time to the nearest quarter hour.

How to enter data to create a graph using a spreadsheet.

Complete graphs and data analysis questions in the Google Classroom assignment.

Review graphs and discuss results.

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Intro

Write your predictions for the following questions we will be investigating during this lesson. Explain your reasoning. Be ready to discuss your responses.

  1. How do the number of daylight hours change through the year?

  1. Do the number of daylight hours change the same way through the year everywhere on our Earth?

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Hands-on Activity Instructions

  • Students may work either individually or in pairs or groups. Regardless of the dynamic, each student is responsible for completing the Google Classroom assignment. (See differentiation page for more information.)
  • Create a link in Google Classroom for the Seasons Interactive site.
  • Assign the Data Analysis: Graphing Daylight assignment to all students using Google Classroom.

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Seasons Interactive

  1. Go to the link in Google Classroom for Seasons Interactive: Space Unit: A Year Viewed from Space – SEPUP

  1. Click in the upper right corner where it says continue to interactive.

  1. Discuss the following as a class:

Where can you click to show the equator on the earth?

Where can you click to see what it would look like if the earth didn’t have a tilt?

How can you change the month seen in the simulation?

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Rounding to the nearest quarter hour

  1. How many minutes represent the following:
    • ¼ of an hour?
    • ½ of an hour?
    • ¾ of an hour?

2. How do you write these fractions as decimals?

3. How do you know when to keep the whole number the same or round up to the next whole number?

Rules for rounding to the nearest quarter hour:

If the minutes are ≤ 7, keep the whole number the same with no decimal.

If the minutes are closest to 15, decimal = .25

If the minutes are closest to 30, decimal = .5

If the minutes are closest to 45, decimal = .75

If the minutes are ≥ 53, round to the next largest whole number.

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What would the January daylight hours for each city be if we rounded them to the nearest quarter hour and changed it to a decimal?

Anchorage = 6.5

Chicago = 9.5

Quito = 12.25

Melbourne = 14.5

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Graphing your data

Directions for editing the graphs in your Google Classroom assignment.

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Assessment

Teacher will review the Google Classroom assignment and assign students a grade according to this rubric.

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Differentiation

One way to differentiate this lesson is to decrease the number of graphs a student will create. For example, a student can graph one city from the Northern Hemisphere, and one from the Southern Hemisphere.

Students can also work in pairs or groups to graph single, different locations and then compare them.

Remediation

Extension/Enrichment

Students can create double bar graphs showing temperature and daylight hours. They can then analyze the relationship between the two.