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IMPORTANT DATES (CLASS)

Session 1: Overview for all the chapters
Date: 13 June 2026 (Saturday)
Time: 11.30am-1.30pm

Session 2: Assignment Questions
Date: 20 June 2026 (Saturday)
Time: 11.30am-1.00pm

Session 3: Extra Tutorial for Assignment
Date: 11 July 2026 (Saturday)
Time: 12.15pm to 12.45pm

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IMPORTANT DATES (ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION)

Assignment Deadline

Date: 20th July 2026 (Monday)
Time: 11:59 pm

Examination date
Date: 31st July 2026 to 09th August 2026 (Open Book Exam)

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GENERAL GUIDELINE

�Font and Spacing: Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced�References and Citation: APA Style�Mode of Assignment: Individual�Important Note: No plagiarism, no copy-paste, and no AI-generated writing.�

Use your own words and opinions in your writing.

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PART A (15%):

Read the article “IMPACT OF BARNEY AND FRIENDS PROGRAMME ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AMONG EARLY CHILDHOOD by Noorma Razali, Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari, Rejani T.G

Answer the following; [4 pages]
1. State objective of study, the sample & the instrument used. - 1 page
2. What the main findings of the study? - 1.5 pages
3. What conclusion did the researchers make? - 0.5 page

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ABSTRACT

Television is a world full of images. Various programmes are designed specifically for children whether it is educational programme or not, and these programmes are keeping pace with the development around the world.
Children at early childhood phase are normally interested in television programme that give them entertainment and joyful. Educational pogrammes like Barney and Friends, is an example of the fovourite television programme amongst the children of this age group.
The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of Barney and Friends programme on cognitive development among children at early childhood. A total of 40 children aged between 24 months and 42 months were selected from several kindergartens around Indah Permai residential area, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
This research employed experimental design within and between subjects with pre and posttest group design.
In this study, the children were allowed to watch two series of Barney and friends programme. Data were measured using the Bayley Scales of Infants Development (BSID-II).
Results showed that the Barney and Friends programme had a significant impact on the cognitive development of children at early childhood.

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1. STATE OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

Objective:
The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of the Barney and Friends educational television programme on the cognitive development of children in early childhood.
Specifically, the study sought to determine whether significant differences existed between an experimental group and a control group both at the pre-assessment stage (before exposure to the programme) and at the post-assessment stage (after 30 days of exposure).
The researchers aimed to provide empirical evidence on whether structured viewing of educational television content could meaningfully enhance cognitive functioning in young children, thereby offering guidance to parents, teachers, and curriculum developers in selecting appropriate media for early learning.

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THE SAMPLE

Sample
A total of 40 children, aged between 24 months (2 years) and 42 months (3 years and 6 months), were selected from four kindergartens located in the Indah Permai residential area of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Experimental Group (Group E) vs Control Group (Group C)

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THE INSTRUMENT USED

Instrument Used
Cognitive development was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II) (Bayley, 1993)

Two CD episodes of Barney and Friends

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WHAT THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE STUDY?

Main Findings
Finding 1: Significant Difference at Pre-Assessment
Before the intervention began, the pre-assessment results showed significant differences between the two groups.
Results:
Experimental Group: Mean = 58.10, SD = 21.04
Control Group: Mean = 33.30, SD = 16.89
t (38) = 4.11
p = 0.000

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WHAT THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE STUDY?

Main Findings
Finding 2: Significant Improvement at Post-Assessment
After 30 days of programme exposure, the post-assessment demonstrated a stronger difference between groups.
How is it?

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INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS�

The study argued that Barney and Friends supports this development because the programme includes:

Songs and music that stimulate attention
Storytelling and imaginative play
Vocabulary learning
Symbol recognition (letters, shapes, colours)
Pretend-play activities that encourage creativity and schema formation

Also, linked with previous literature ? Educational development programme contributes positively to:

Vocabulary development
Academic readiness
What else?

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CONCLUSION

The researchers concluded that the Barney and Friends educational television programme has a significant and positive impact on the cognitive development of children in early childhood.

Highlighted the important responsibility of parents and teachers in guiding children’s media consumption.

Limitations?