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Introduction to �R and RStudio

Mukesh Behera

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What is R ???

Statistical Analysis
Graphics
Free
Open Source
Extension, Packeges
Community
Platform

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Requirement to use R

Desktop/Laptop
Operation System
System Configuration
Internet

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Installation of R

R Installation Link:
https://cran.r-project.org/

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RStudio Installation

RStudio Installation:
https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/

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IDE for R

RStudio
Visual Studio Code
Jupyter Notebook
Eclipse
R-Commander
RKWard
Emacs & ESS

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Example

2 + 2= 4
2*5 = 10
25 / 5 = 5

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Basic R Commands

# Arithmetic

2 + 3

5 * 4

6^2

# Variable assignment

x <- 10

y <- 5

z <- x + y

# Printing outputprint

(z)

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Data Types in R

# Numeric:

x <- 10

# Character:

name <- "John"

# Logical:

flag <- TRUE

# Vectors:

v <- c(1, 2, 3)

# Data Frames:

data.frame(name, age)

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Basic Data Manipulation

# Creating a vector
<- c(2, 4, 6, 8)
# Accessing elements
v[1]
# Creating a data frame
df <- data.frame(Name=c("Alice", "Bob"), Age=c(25, 30))
# Accessing columns
df$Name

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Loading Data

# Read CSV file
data <- read.csv("data.csv")
# View the first few rows
head(data)
# Summary statistics
summary(data)

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Plotting Basics

# Simple plot
X <- c(1,2,3,4)
y <- c(2,4,6,8)
plot(x, y, type="b", col="blue")

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Variables and Operations

# Variable types
x <- 5# numeric
y <- "Hello" # character
z <- TRUE # logical
# Type checking
class(x)
is.numeric(x)
is.character(y)
# Type conversion
as.character(x)
as.numeric("10")

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Vectors and Sequences

# Creating vectors
v1 <- c(1, 2, 3, 4)
v2 <- seq(1, 10, by=2)
v3 <- rep(5, times=3)
# Vector operations
v1 + 1
v1 * 2
v1 + v2
# Indexing
v1[2]
v1[-1]

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Working with Data Frames

# Create a data frame
df <- data.frame(Name=c("Alice", "Bob"), Age=c(25, 30))
# Accessing columns
df$Name
df[1, ]
df[, "Age"]
# Adding new columns
df$Gender <- c("F", "M")

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Conditional Statements

x <- 10
if (x > 5) {
print("x is greater than 5")
} else {
print("x is 5 or less")
}

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Loops

# For loop
for (i in 1:5) {
print(i)
}
# While loop
x <- 1
while (x <= 5) {
print(x)
x <- x + 1
}

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Plotting

# Histogram
hist(c(1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,5), col="lightblue")
# Boxplot
boxplot(df$Age, main="Age Distribution", col="orange")
# Barplot
counts <- table(df$Gender)
barplot(counts, col=c("pink", "lightblue"))

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Installing and Loading Packages

# Install a package (only once)
install.packages("ggplot2")
# Load a package
library(ggplot2)

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Cleaning and Filtering Data (with dplyr)

# Load dplyr
library(dplyr)
# Filter row
sdf_filtered <- filter(df, Age > 25)
# Select columns
df_selected <- select(df, Name, Age)
# Add new column
df <- mutate(df, AgeNextYear = Age + 1)

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Reference

R Core Team (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
https://cran.r-project.org/
https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/
Web illustrations