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LIVELIHOODS MONITORING

Overview

May 2021

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Revised Indicators and tools

A greater emphasis on program impact of:

UNHCR funded livelihoods programs as well as those programs co-funded or funded solely by other partners.

Monitoring Coverage Growth

Global coverage by 2022

Livelihoods Indicators revised

An extensive literature review and stakeholder consultations with Gov., Private Sector, field staff and NGOs

Field Testing

18 revised livelihoods indicators tested in 3 countries and refined

2016

Open Data Platform developed

2018

Mobile Data Collection System developed

Mobile Data Collection System rolled out in 15 countries, covering 2,436 beneficiaries, 22 livelihoods partners in 59 camps

2017

KEY DEVELOPMENT TO DATE

2020

The roll-out continues in 35 countries (so far 39,000 data submitted from 35 countries, 99 livelihoods partners in 299 camps) since 2017.

An Open Data Platform- the Livelihoods information System is launched.

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Monitoring Life Cycle

Endline Beneficiary Survey conducted

Open Data Publication

Data Analysis

Partner Survey

Beneficiary Survey (ENDLINE)

Beneficiary Survey (BASELINE)

Q1

LOR

IPS

DOL

Q2

LOR

IPS

DOL

Q3

LOR

IPS

DOL

Q4

LOR

IPS

DOL

Lorem ipsum

Typical Timeframe

Q1

LOR

IPS

DOL

Q1

JAN

FEB

MAR

Q2

APR

MAY

JUN

Q3

JUL

AUG

SEP

Q4

OCT

NOV

DEC

Monitoring Template

Project Agreement

Q1

JAN

FEB

MAR

Q4

LOR

IPS

DOL

Q4

OCT

NOV

DEC

Real-time data update

Project Agreement Signed with UNHCR partner

Possible Timeframe

Monitoring Template submitted from the field

Partner Survey submitted

Data cleaned/analysed

Results/data published

Baseline Beneficiary Survey conducted

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GCR/RBM Livelihood Indicators

GCR	Relationship to LIS
2.1.1 Proportion of refugees who have access to decent work (Tier 1)	GCR 2.1.1 ➔ LIS 5 % of targeted PoC who are self-employed in the (registered business/unregistered business) sector (employing others/not employing others) However not specifying decent work and unregistered activities/businesses are included
RBM	Relationship to LIS
Core Outcome Indicator 13.1 Proportion of PoC with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (SDG)	RBM 13.1 ➔ LIS 4 Access to financial services facilitated 4a. PoCs have the legal right to open a bank account (yes/no) 4b/c. % of targeted PoC who currently access (formal/informal) savings services 4d/e. % of targeted PoC who currently access (formal/informal) loans services
Core Outcome indicator 13.2 Proportion of PoC who self-report positive changes in their income compared to previous year	RBM 13.2 ➔ LIS 8 % of targeted PoC who self-report (decreased/maintained/increased) income compared to previous year
Core outcome indicator 13.3 Proportion of PoC (working age) who are unemployed (SDG)	RBM 13.3 ➔ LIS 5 % of targeted PoC who are self-employed in the (registered business/unregistered business) sector (employing others/not employing others)

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STEP 1: MONITORING TEMPLATE

Focal point submits an online form each year, specifying:

How the programme was designed and in what context (technical / participatory assessments, legal access, etc.)
Summary of programme / partner project(s) (budget, locations, intervention areas, beneficiary number, etc.)
Output 1: Agriculture (crop, livestock, fishery)
Output 2: Self-Employment (non-agriculture)
Output 3: Wage-Employment (non-agriculture)
Selection of livelihoods indicators (Core vs. Optional indicators)

Optional: Customised questions (max.=3)

Localised information in case of agriculture (crop/animals supported, local measurement units, etc.)

Example: Argentina 2020

https://enketo.unhcr.org/x/5PObukwh

MASTER PLAN for monitoring (who, where & what, etc.)
BASIC UNIT for data collection & analysis

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STEP 2: BENEFICIARY SURVEYS

Training of focal points by CartONG
Training of partner enumerators by focal point in each country
Partner enumerators conduct surveys twice to the same sample beneficiaries (sample size >= 100 each line for panel data)

Access to livelihoods assets (human, financial, social, etc.)
Employment and its sustainability + Income / saving changes

Android App: ODK Collect

MOBILE Survey to measure IMPACT indicators
CUSTOMISED for each operation / partner based on Monitoring Template
TWICE A YEAR: Impact calculated by changes over Baseline and Endline

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STEP 2: BENEFICIARY SURVEYS

BASELINE

Survey

Intervention provided

a few months later

or time adequate to measure the impact

Time

MOBILE Survey to measure IMPACT indicators
CUSTOMISED for each operation / partner based on Monitoring Template
TWICE A YEAR: Impact calculated by changes over Baseline and Endline

Beneficiaries selected

ENDLINE

Survey

Android App: ODK Collect

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STEP 3: PARTNER SURVEY

MOBILE Survey to measure PERFORMANCE indicators
CUSTOMISED for each operation / partner based on Monitoring Template

General Q&A on mobile survey tools

Q Is the survey available in languages other than English?

A Yes, French, Arabic, Portuguese, and Spanish are available for the Beneficiary Survey.

Q Can we conduct the surveys after 31st December?

A Yes, it is possible when required (in case of extended project implementation period, etc.)

Q Where are the data stored? Can I access to the primary data?

A The submitted data are stored in a secure Kobo server of UNHCR. The cleaned data will be accessible in the open data platform

Q Can we receive support in case we encounter technical issues?

A Yes, CartONG will provide timely remote support to focal points on demand. In addition, there are detailed user guidance for each key tool.

To be conducted by each partner ONCE A YEAR

Total value of assistance provided, etc.
Total number of beneficiaries reached

Android App: ODK Collect

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Country Analysis Note

Fully automated and standardized report

The final deliverable of the monitoring cycle, provides contextual information and data insights from the beneficiary and partner surveys.

Available in the Country Profiles tab of the Open Data Platform at the end of the monitoring cycle. | Example: Kenya 2019 - Refugees and asylum seekers in urban areas

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Open Data Platform

https://lis.unhcr.org

REALTIME ACCESS

to all the indicators and key household data

DASHBOARD

functions to explore disaggregated analysis (age, gender, legal status, etc.)

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Open Data Platform

210

3947

from over 100 countries

Average monthly users

users since 2017

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IMPACTS OF LIMITED LIVELIHOODS

2020

Priority impacts of limited livelihoods opportunities	East/Horn of Africa	Southern Cone Africa	West/Central Africa	Europe	Latin America	MENA	Asia	Total Share (%)
High dependency on humanitarian aid	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		29%
men engaging in negative coping strategies	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	13%
women engaging in negative coping strategies	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		12%
youth not able to go to higher education	✔	✔	✔					12%
children and youth not able to focus on studying	✔		✔		✔	✔		8%
malnutrition and health risks of children		✔	✔		✔			8%
children not able to go to school	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	6%
malnutrition and health risks of adults	✔		✔	✔	✔			4%
child labour	✔						✔	2%
children engaging in negative coping strategies		✔				✔		2%
other	✔			✔		✔		4%

Priority impacts of limited livelihoods opportunities

identified during Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming (AGDM) Participatory Assessment by region

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PRIORITY LIVELIHOODS OBSTACLES

2020

Priority livelihoods obstacles	East/Horn of Africa	Southern Cone Africa	West/Central Africa	Europe	Latin America	MENA	Asia	Total Share (%)
lack of employment opportunities	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	18%
difficulty in accessing financial services	✔		✔		✔	✔		11%
difficulty in obtaining jobs	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		11%
difficulty accessing farm land and natural resources	✔	✔	✔					9%
lack of productive assets	✔		✔			✔		7%
difficulties meeting legal requirements to access employment	✔				✔	✔		5%
lack of employable skill-set	✔	✔				✔		5%
lack of / limited freedom of movement		✔	✔					4%
low income and/or salary	✔		✔	✔	✔			4%
lack of access to financial services	✔	✔				✔		4%
poor working conditions					✔	✔		3%
lack of access to market	✔	✔					✔	3%

12 Top priority livelihoods obstacles*

identified during Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming (AGDM) Participatory Assessment by region

*12 Priority problems represent over 80% of the problems identified during the participatory assessment

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LIVELIHOODS OPPORTUNITIES

2020

Key livelihoods opportunities	East/Horn of Africa	Southern Cone Africa	West/Central Africa	Europe	Latin America	MENA	Asia	Total Share (%)
social organisation grouping	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		13%
specialised skills knowledge	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	12%
informal de facto employment	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		10%
market	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		9%
farming land water	✔	✔	✔			✔		9%
formal employment	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		9%
development programmes	✔	✔	✔		✔		✔	7%
land ownership	✔	✔	✔					6%
financial services	✔	✔						4%
productive assets	✔	✔	✔					4%
safety social net programmes		✔	✔		✔	✔		4%

Key livelihoods opportunities

identified by technical assessment / observations by region

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LIVELIHOODS INTERVENTIONS

2020

Key interventions recommended	East/Horn of Africa	Southern Cone Africa	West/Central Africa	Europe	Latin America	MENA	Asia	Total Share (%)
reinforce human assets through training	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		28%
provide financial and productive assets	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		25%
improve access to financial services	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		25%
improve access to markets	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		24%
advocacy for inclusion of PoCs in development programmes	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		22%
advocacy for engagement of development / private actors	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	21%
raise awareness around legal entitlements	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		15%
advocate for legal entitlements	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		12%
advocacy for inclusion of PoCs in national social safety nets	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔		11%
promote product differentiation transformation	✔	✔	✔			✔		9%
reinforce social assets through promoting grouping associations cooperatives etc	✔		✔			✔		4%

Key livelihoods interventions

recommended by technical assessment / observations by region

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Monitoring Coverage East & Horn of Africa

Beneficiary surveys

Participation per year

Your text

Since 2017, total of 12’683 beneficiaries have been interviewed before intervention and 6’950 have been interviewed after programme intervention.

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Countries

Partners

A total of 28 partners conducted surveys using the revised monitoring tools across over 77 POC locations since 2017.

Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, Djibouti and the United Republic of Tanzania have used the monitoring tools.

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19’633

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Global Indicators

19

COUNTRIES*

179

CAMPS

60

PARTNERS

8,510

5,575

2020

Feb 18, 2022

BASELINE

SAMPLES

ENDLINE

SAMPLES

Baseline and endline samples measure data before and after beneficiaries start the livelihoods programs

Updated

Family Size of Beneficiaries

Beneficiaries by Project Outputs

Beneficiaries by Legal Status

Beneficiaries by Country of Origin

Average Family Size

Increased

members

Cameroon, Chad, Costa Rica, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Somalia

* Countries

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Global Indicators

2020

Refugees say one source of their dignity is hard work and enjoying the fruits of their labour and stressed that not having agricultural land allocated by the government meant they had to rely on others for survival, undermining their dignity. (Dignity and humanitarian action in displacement, Mosel and Holloway, March 2019, ODI)

Through safe work, people forced to flee can provide for their families’ basic needs, maintain their dignity and contribute to society, which is what they want. They often enrich their communities with their experience and skills, while preparing for a better future. (UNHCR’s Global Strategy for Livelihoods, 2014-2018)

Livelihoods

May 14, 2021

Updated

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Income change

Savings change

Employment rate

Employment rate grew significantly, from less than half of all beneficiaries to almost three-quarters of beneficiaries.�
Among beneficiaries, over 40% reported income growth and savings increases.

47%

IMPACT

47%

IMPACT

22%

IMPACT

Global Indicators

2020

May 14, 2021

Updated

47%

31%

21%

47%

32%

22%

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Among the employed, most were self-employed ( ) with more in agriculture ( ) than non-agriculture ( ).
More than one-third of agriculture employment is on permanent basis; just over half on daily basis.
of non-agriculture employment lasts over 12 months, and lasts shorter than 6 months.

Global Indicators

2020

May 14, 2021

Updated

Type of employment (Endline)

Employment Sustainability (Endline)

Agriculture

Non-Agriculture

97%

31%

66%

51%

37%

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Global Indicators

2020

May 14, 2021

Updated

Non-Agriculture Sector

AREAS OF EMPLOYMENT

Agriculture Sub-Sector

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0.9

EMPLOYMENT MULTIPLIER

Average # of others employed

by a self-employed beneficiary

Agriculture

Non

Agriculture

2.3

0.3

Global Indicators

2020

May 14, 2021

Updated

SECONDARY EMPLOYMENT

Type of secondary employment

74%

8%

13%

5%

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Global Indicators

2020

Feb 18, 2022

Updated

Females registered the bigger jump in employment rate compared to males.
Employment rate improved for both refugees/asylum seekers and host community.

Female

Male

Refugees & Asylum Seekers

Host Community

Employment rate by gender

Employment rate by refugee/asylum seekers & host

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Global Indicators

2020

May 14, 2021

Updated

% of targeted PoC whose businesses are registered (2019)

*Total Sample includes Agriculture, Self, & Wage Employment

Indicator: % of targeted PoC whose businesses are registered 2019	Baseline				Endline
	Total Sample*	% of Employment in Output Area	Informal	Formal	Total Sample*	% of Employment in Output	Informal	Formal
Refugees
Agriculture	10,309	34.4%			7,469	19.2%
Self-employed (Non-agriculture)	10,309	29.0%	21.5%	7.5%	7,469	39.5%	30.8%	8.7%
Wage-employed (Non-agriculture)	10,309	2.0%	0.9%	1.0%	7,469	0.6%	0.3%	0.3%
Host
Agriculture	1,398	53.8%			1,212	22.6%
Self-employed (Non-agriculture)	1,398	14.9%	8.1%	6.9%	1,212	47.0%	33.3%	13.7%
Wage-employed (Non-agriculture)	1,398	2.5%	0.6%	2.5%	1,212	2.0%	0.0%	2.0%

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Global Indicators

2020

May 14, 2021

Updated

All beneficiaries had access to market (includes the informal sector).
Access to savings and loan services improved, though access to loan services registered a relatively low increase ( point).

Access to Saving Services

Access to Loan Services

Access to Market

35%

IMPACT

12%

IMPACT

NA

IMPACT

Note: Access to saving/loan services and market includes the beneficiaries who have access in informal sector.

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Global Indicators

2020

May 14, 2021

Updated

More than half of beneficiaries lack legal access to land.
More than half of beneficiaries enjoy legal access to employment, and more than 70% have access to financial services.

Legal access to land

Legal access to employment

Legal access to financial services

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LIVELIHOODS MONITORING

Thank you

May 2021

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User Feedback Survey

In 2020, 32 countries used the monitoring tools out of which 22 completed our feedback survey.

% of Users Satisfied with the Monitoring Framework

% of Users Satisfied with Monitoring Survey Tools

% of Users Satisfied with the Analysis Report

% of Users Satisfied with the Technical Support

41%

45%

14%

5%

23%

55%

18%

36%

45%

9%

9%

14%

68%

9%

9%

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Economies of scale in consolidating monitoring at global level

Estimated cost of CartONG support is EUR 103,038 for 2019, which includes:

Training (remote and in-country) and on-demand technical support
Mobile survey customisation and deployment
Data cross-checking, cleaning and analysis
System maintenance and improvement

The total number of surveys completed is 20,340 for 2019

Baseline: 12,903
Endline: 7,437

The cost/beneficiary data point (field staff trained, survey prepared, collected, cleaned, and data analyzed) is EUR 5.06

Note: While data collection, analysis and publication generally closes 6 months after the end of the year, due to Covid-19 exceptionally we will close 9 months after the end of 2019. Thus this data is preliminary.