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Scientific Revolution

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Make the Connection

    • Church and Pope supreme over Kings and Governments
    • Emphasis put on spiritual life and getting into heaven

Middle Ages

    • Bubonic Plague gets people thinking about enjoying life
    • Emphasis now on secularism rather than spiritualism

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Renaissance

    • Advent of printing press allows new ideas to spread
    • Corrupt nature of the Church is exposed, reforms demanded
    • Monarchs begin to take the power that the Church is losing

Reformations

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Witchcraft

  • By Renaissance people began to believe that witches actually flew and ate babies
  • witches must have committed a pact with the devil of their own free will

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Witchcraft

  • Major witch hunts occur during the century from 1560 to 1660 (slowly peters out after)
    • Crosses the Atlantic to Salem Massachusetts in 1692
  • Witch hunts arise in areas experiencing religious conflict
    • Occurs in areas both Protestant and Catholic.

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Magical Thought

  • Belief in magic was widespread
  • While most educated people professed not to believe, many still held charms, like Queen Elizabeth’s magic ring to ward off the plague
  • Magic was viewed as being either good (tied to the church) or bad
    • alternative was natural magic
      • astrology
      • alchemy.

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Humanism

  • Humanism was a philosophy that all people should strive to be educated and learned in the classical arts, literature, and science.
  • The importance of Education
  • Education Centered around the study of Greek and Roman classics.
  • Focus on Man - Understand human nature rather than only to understand God.

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The Renaissance

  • Renaissance = REBIRTH
  • Rebirth of art and learning
  • People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings.
  • Began in northern Italy

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Calls for Church Reform

  • Reformation – A reform movement against the Catholic Church
  • Reform – Change
  • People began to question the church

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    • Emphasis now put on reason rather than faith
    • People began to apply these principles to their own lives and governments

Scientific Revolution

    • Took the ideas and principles of the Scientific Revolution and applied it to society

Enlightenment

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Main Ideas and Details

Scientific Revolution

A new understanding of the world

Logical Thought

Scientific Method

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Before the Scientific Revolution

  • Scientists seek to understand HOW things happen
    • intent is to use science to “prove” God exists
    • earliest Scientists are usually priests/monks
    • earliest Scientists are astronomers
      • easy access
      • spiritually significant

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Before the Scientific Revolution

  • Science was called “natural philosophy”
  • Science mixed with moral philosophy, theology, numerology, alchemy & magic
  • Ancient Greek sources highly trusted
  • Few experiments were performed

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What was the Scientific Revolution?

  • From 1542 to 1700
  • Development of new ways to study universe
  • Old authorities no longer blindly accepted
  • Application of mathematics to natural world
  • Creation and spread of new ideas and discoveries

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Causes of the Scientific Revolution

  • Medieval Intellectual Life and Medieval Universities
  • The Italian Renaissance
  • Renewed emphasis on mathematics
  • Renaissance system of patronage
  • Navigational problems of long sea voyages
  • Better scientific instruments

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Causes of the Scientific Revolution

  • The voyages of discovery and colonization
  • Ancient & Medieval works translated into Latin, then vernacular languages
  • New inventions & institutions that promoted sharing of knowledge