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INTRODUCTION

Venus is earth’s twin sister and have been a place that scientists wanted to visit for a long time as they can learn more about how earth was formed and predict what will happen in the future.

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Exploring it had many challenges as its hellish climate:��Temperature of 737 kelvins.��Atmospheric pressure of 92 bars (92 times earth’s pressure).��The main obstacle is using a battery that can withstand these extreme conditions and can power a rover that would be on Venus's surface for continuous 60 days.��The power of the rover can reach 900 watts.

Hardships in exploring Venus

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The chosen battery is Lithium-Sulphur battery
The lithium acts as cathode and Sulphur acts as anode
It has specific energy of 550 Wh/kg compared to the lithium-ion batter which has 265 Wh/kg at max
It has 1500 charge and discharge cycles
It has high energy density equal to 550Wh/L
It can also withstand high temperatures reaching 500 C

The battery

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The chosen method of charging is by using photovoltaic cell
It converts sunlight directly into electricity by photovoltaic effect
At the surface of Venus, it produces power of 8.7 W/m^2

Methods of charging

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Total energy used at the 60 days by the rover is power*60*60*24*number of days= 900*60*60*24*60=4665600000J

Total energy produced from the photovoltaic cell is area*power per area *60*60*24*number of days = 8.7*6*60*60*24*60 = 270604800 J.

The energy that the battery needs to cover is equal to total power used of the rover- the power generated by the cell = 4665600000- 270604800 = 4394995200J

The power of land rover is equal to : 900 watt

Photovoltaic cells generates: 8.7 W/m^2

The total energy produced per day: 8.7*6*60*60*24= 4510080 J

Specific energy of the battery is 550 Wh/kg

Constants

Calculations

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The energy density of the battery is equal to the specific energy* the density of the battery*3600 = 550*1000*3600= 1980000000 J/m^3

The minimum volume needed for the battery to achieve is equal to the energy that the battery needs to cover/ energy density of the battery = 4394995200/1980000000 = 2.2m^3

The days needed to fully charge the battery is equal to the energy that the battery needs to cover/ The total energy produced per day by photovoltaic cell = 4394995200/4510080=974.5 days

The number of years = 974.5/365.25= 2.7 years