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�UNIT 5 �HEALTH & SAFETY �IN CONSTRUCTION

Dr Adewale Abimbola, FHEA, GMICE.

www.edulibrary.co.uk

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AIM & OBJECTIVES

Aim:

  • Permit to Work.

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

  • Explain the permit to work in construction.
  • Produce a permit to work for a roof construction activity.

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INTRODUCTION

    • Permit to Work (PTW): This is a formal written system used to control certain high-risk activities in the construction industry, ensuring that they are carried out safely.
    • It authorises certain people to carry out specific work within a specified time frame.
    • It is an important component of a safe system of work.
    • It is based on the risk assessment and sets out the precautions required to complete the work safely.
    • The legal requirement to ensure the health, safety, and welfare at work of all employees under the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974, the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, the Work at Height Regulations 2005, etc. necessitates permit to work systems.

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TYPES OF PERMITS TO WORK

Hot Work Permit:

Example Activities: Welding, cutting, or any activity that generates heat or sparks.

Requirements: Ensures fire precautions are in place.

Confined Space Permit:

Example Activities: Work in confined spaces like tanks or tunnels.

Requirements: 

Specifies safety measures for entry and rescue procedures.

Excavation Permit:

Example Activities: Digging trenches or excavating.

Requirements: Addresses risks related to collapsing soil and utilities.

Working at Height Permit:

Example Activities: Tasks involving working at an elevation.

Requirements: 

Emphasises fall protection measures.

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THE COMPONENTS OF A PERMIT TO WORK

  • Job Description:
    • Details: Clearly defines the nature of the work to be undertaken.
  • Hazard Identification:
    • Assessment: Identifies potential hazards associated with the specific task.
  • Risk Assessment:
    • Evaluation: Assesses the level of risk and defines control measures.
  • Control Measures:
    • Implementation: Outlines specific measures to control and mitigate identified risks.
  • Emergency Procedures:
    • Response Plans: Specify actions to be taken in case of emergencies or incidents.

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PERMIT TO WORK – APPLICATION PROCESS

  • Permit Requestor: This is the individual or entity who initiates the request for a permit. This could be someone who needs permission to perform a certain action or activity, such as construction work.
  • Permit Authoriser: This is the person or authority responsible for reviewing and approving permit requests. They have the authority to grant or deny permits based on certain criteria, regulations, or policies. The authoriser ensures that the requested activity complies with the necessary requirements.
  • Permit Operator: This is the person or organisation responsible for managing and overseeing the permitted activity. They ensure that the activity is carried out in accordance with the approved permit, monitor compliance, and may have the authority to enforce any necessary regulations or restrictions.

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PERMIT TO WORK FLOWCHART

Requesting a Permit:

Initiation: The permit requestor, the person in charge, initiates the request for a permit.

Review and Approval:

Assessment: The permit authoriser reviews the application, ensuring all safety measures are in place.

Issuance:

Authorisation: Upon approval (once signed by the permit requestor, and in some cases the permit operator), the permit is issued, granting permission to proceed with the work. This will be displayed at the work location.

  • For example, the permit authoriser could be the site manager who knows the work area and the need for work to be done safely under a permit-to-work system. The permit requestor could be the subcontracting firm manager, and the permit operators could be the employees.

Figure 1. Permit to work flowchart (Coventry City Council, 2017).

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PERMIT TO WORK – IMPORTANCE/BENEFITS

  • Risk Management:

Permits to work are essential for identifying, assessing, and managing risks associated with specific high-risk construction activities.

  • Control Measures:

They establish and communicate specific control measures, ensuring that workers follow prescribed safety protocols during hazardous tasks.

  • Legal Compliance:

Permits to work are a legal requirement in many jurisdictions, contributing to compliance with health and safety regulations and standards.

  • Documentation for Audits:

Permits serve as essential documentation for regulatory audits, demonstrating a commitment to safe work practices and compliance with regulations.

  • Hazard Identification:

The permit process involves a thorough identification of potential hazards, ensuring a proactive approach to safety.

  • Emergency Preparedness:

Emergency procedures are an integral part of permits, enhancing the ability to respond effectively to unforeseen incidents.

  • Authorisation and Accountability:

Permits provide formal authorisation to carry out work and establish accountability, specifying roles and responsibilities of those involved.

  • Worker Well-being:

Ultimately, permits to work prioritise the well-being of workers, providing a structured and formalised approach to ensuring their safety on construction sites

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PERMIT TO WORK – IMPORTANCE/BENEFITS

  • Communication:

They serve as a communication tool, ensuring that everyone involved is aware of the risks, control measures, and safety procedures.

  • Training and Awareness:

Permits highlight the importance of training and awareness, ensuring that workers are competent and informed about the specific risks involved.

  • Documentation and Record Keeping:

Permits create a documented record of safety planning, risk assessments, and control measures, aiding in audits and compliance checks.

  • Adaptability:

The permit system is adaptable to different construction activities, ensuring that safety considerations are tailored to specific tasks.

  • Prevention of Incidents:

By systematically addressing risks, permits to work play a vital role in preventing incidents, accidents, and injuries on construction sites.

  • Continuous Improvement:

The permit process allows for continuous improvement, as lessons learned from incidents or near misses can be incorporated into future permits and safety procedures.

  • Client and Contractor Assurance:

For clients, permits provide assurance that construction activities are being conducted safely, meeting health and safety standards.

  • Efficiency and Project Success:

Well-managed permits contribute to the efficiency and success of construction projects by minimising disruptions, delays, and incidents.

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PERMIT TO WORK

Best Practices

Training and Awareness:

Importance: Ensuring all personnel involved are trained in permit procedures.

Regular Audits:

Benefits: Conducting regular audits to assess the effectiveness of the permit system.

Communication:

Key: Effective communication between permit issuer, receiver, and safety officers.

Challenges and Solutions

  • Common Challenges:
    • Example: Non-compliance, lack of awareness, inadequate training.
  • Solutions:
    • Training Programs: Implementing regular training programs.
    • Communication Channels: Establishing clear communication channels for permit-related issues.

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PERMIT TO WORK— CASE STUDY

(Health and Safety Executive,1994a)

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Self-assessment Task

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases from the list provided below. Each answer can be used only once.

A Permit to Work system is primarily designed to control __________ activities on a construction site. The person typically responsible for issuing a Permit to Work is the __________ or another authorised person. A Permit to Work should always be issued __________ the work begins. __________ is an example of an activity that usually requires a hot work permit. After work is completed, the Permit to Work should be __________ to the issuing authority. If the scope of work changes during a task, workers should __________ and obtain a new or amended permit. The __________ procedure ensures that the work area is safe and the work is complete before closing out a permit. Both the __________ and the __________ are responsible for ensuring the conditions of the permit are followed. The purpose of displaying the Permit to Work at the work area is to __________ of the ongoing high-risk activity. At the end of each shift, the Permit to Work should be __________ to the issuing authority.

Answer options:

a) stop work b) returned c) high-risk d) before e) inform all personnel

f) site manager g) returned `` h) welding i) handback j) issuer

k) worker

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SELF-ASSESSMENT TASK

  • Produce a permit to work for a roof construction activity.

Additional Information: Use the provided templates.

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REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY