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Excluded from Reform

Chapter 22

Lesson 4

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Prejudice and Discrimination

  • 1800s-Majority of American are white Protestants
  • Some believed the U.S. should remain this way
  • Non-white, non-Protestants faced discrimination

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Discrimination against Catholics

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  • American feared the rise in Catholic immigrants
  • American Protective Association (APA) vowed not to hire or vote for Catholics
  • 2 million members in 1890
  • Spread false information

about Catholics

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Anti-Semitism

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  • Jews came to U.S. to escape discrimination
  • Some found same attitudes in

U.S.

  • Those from Eastern Europe face more discrimination
    • Seen as more “foreign”
  • Language and customs were very different from earlier immigrants

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Anti-Asian Policies

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  • Western states - Anti-Asian
  • Feared Chinese worked for less
  • Chinese Exclusion Act - 1882
  • Japanese faced similar attitudes
  • Some states passed laws against Asians owning land
  • T.R. negotiated “Gentlemen’s Agreement agreement with Japan to cut immigration
  • Damaged Japan/U.S. relations

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Discrimination against

African Americans

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  • Despite freedom, blacks suffered discrimination and denied basic rights
  • Cut off from white society
  • Separate neighborhoods, schools, parks, theaters, etc.
  • 1896 - Plessy v. Ferguson legalized segregation
    • “Separate but equal”
  • Rise of the KKK

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Racial Violence

  • Sharp economic downturns in 1893 and 1907
  • Lost jobs led to racial violence
  • Over 2,600 African Americans lynched between 1886-1916

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Seeking Equal Opportunity

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  • Reformers often saw themselves as moral leaders making decisions for all society
  • Reforms often favored one group over another
    • Unions - no blacks, women
  • Minorities banned from many progressive organizations

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Struggle for Equality

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  • Booker T. Washington
    • Born into slavery
    • Taught himself to read
  • Founded Tuskegee Institute
    • Farming and industrial skills
  • More economic power would lead to equality

Booker T. Washington

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Struggle for Equality

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  • First black to earn doctorate from Harvard
  • Right to vote was key to equality
  • Niagara Movement-1905
  • Demanded equality in education and economics
  • Founded NAACP

W.E.B. Dubois

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African American Women

Take Action

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  • National Association of Colored Women-1896
  • Ida B. Wells - A Red Record
    • Lynching used against prosperous blacks
  • Appealed to the morality of America
  • Lynching declined

Ida Wells

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Other Groups Face

Discrimination

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Society of American Indians

    • Integrate into white society

Mexican-American population grew in 1900s

    • Hispanic American Alliance
    • Barrios

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Carlos Montezuma

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