Ch 7 Nomenclature

CHEM XXX

NaCl

calcium chloride

Al₂O₃

iron(II) oxide

dichlorine monoxide

P₃F₄

Ionic vs Covalent Compounds�Retrieval Practice (GCC Ch 6)

Ionic Terminology

Ionic compound

“A compound that contains ions and is held together by ionic bonds”

(Openstax Ch 2)

Ionic bond

“electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal cations and negatively charged nonmetal anions”

(GCC Ch 6)

Ions

“Atoms with a charge”

(GCC Ch 5)

NaCl

Familiar Ionic Compounds

1. ____________________________________________

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• ____________________________________________

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• ____________________________________________

Familiar Ionic Compounds

Ionic Nomenclature

Goal: Write formulas and names for ionic compounds

NaCl sodium chloride

CaCl₂ calcium chloride

Al₂O₃ aluminum oxide

FeO iron(II) oxide

MgSO₄ magnesium sulfate

(NH₄)₂CO₃ ammonium carbonate

CuSO₄ copper(II) sulfate

Ions – Atoms with a Charge�Retrieval Practice (GCC Ch 5)

1. Why do atoms make ions?

2. How do atoms make ions?

Write the symbol and charge of as many monatomic cations as you can in 10 seconds.

Ready…

Monatomic Cations Symbols and Charges�Retrieval Practice (GCC Ch 5)

0

GO!

Write the symbol and charge of as many monatomic anions as you can in 10 seconds.

Ready…

Monatomic Anions Symbols and Charges�Retrieval Practice (GCC Ch 5)

0

GO!

Monatomic Cations Symbols and Charges�Periodic Table Groups�Retrieval Practice (GCC Ch 5)

Fixed-charge Cations

3 more you need to know!

silver Ag⁺

zinc Zn²⁺

cadmium Cd²⁺

+

2+

3+

Li⁺

Mg²⁺

Ga³⁺

Monatomic Anions Symbols and Charges�Periodic Table Groups�Retrieval Practice (GCC Ch 5)

Anions

Name ends in –ide

3-

P^3-

2-

S^2-

-

I^-

phosphide

sulfide

iodide

Polyatomic Ions Symbols and Charges

Ionic Compounds Formulas

NaCl CaCl₂ Al₂O₃ Li₃N FeO

1. What do the subscripts represent?

2. What determines the subscripts in the formulas of ionic compounds?

Determine Ionic Compounds Formulas

How do you figure out the subscripts in the formulas?

Ag⁺

S^2-

Ag⁺

Ag⁺

S^2-

2

1

Ag₂S

Determine Ionic Compounds Formulas

How do you figure out the subscripts in the formulas?

Mg²⁺

SO₄^2-

Mg²⁺

SO₄^2-

1

1

MgSO₄

Ionic Names

silver sulfide magnesium sulfate

1. How many words?

2. What does each word represent?

First word? Second word?

Writing Ionic Formulas and Names�Fixed Charge Cations

1. Write the formula and name for the compound that contains Al and O.

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• Write the formula and name for the compound that contains ammonium and carbonate.

Variable Charge Cations

Metals that aren’t fixed charge cations

Fixed charge cations

Group IA metals

Group IIA metals

Group IIIA metals

Variable charge cations

All other metals

Ag⁺, Zn^2+, Cd²⁺

https://images.app.goo.gl/fxD8yUAKvVHkPxMa7

Variable Charge Cation Name

iron(II) bromide cobalt(III) phosphate

What do the Roman numerals represent?

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I

II

III

IV

+

2+

3+

4+

Determine Ionic Compounds Formulas�Variable Charge Cations

Fe²⁺

Br-

1

2

FeBr₂

Fe²⁺

Br-

Br-

Determine Ionic Compounds Formulas�Variable Charge Cations

Co³⁺

(PO₄)^3-

1

CoPO₄

Co³⁺

(PO₄)^3-

1

Repeat: What Are the Roman Numerals?

iron(II) bromide cobalt(III) phosphate

FeBr₂ CoPO₄

NOT how many of that cation!

NOT subscript on cation!

NOT subscript on anion!

Writing Ionic Names: Variable Charge Cations

2 words: cation-name(Roman numeral) anion-name

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FeBr₂ iron(II) bromide

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CoPO₄ cobalt(III) phosphate

How to determine Roman numeral?

I, II, III, or IV (for Chm 130)

Writing Ionic Names: Variable Charge Cations

Fe²⁺ Br- Br-

How do we know FeBr₂ is named iron(II) bromide?

Need Roman numeral (Fe variable charge cation)

Work backward

iron(II) bromide

So need 2+ charge

2- charge

cation-name anion-name

iron(?) bromide

Fe^?+ Br-

Br-

Writing Names for Variable Charge Cations

What is the name of CuSO₄?

Need Roman numeral (Cu variable charge cation)

Work backward

copper(II) sulfate

So need 2+ charge

2- charge

Cu²⁺ SO₄^2-

cation-name anion-name

copper(?) sulfate

Cu^?+ SO₄^2-

Writing Ionic Formulas and Names�Variable Charge Cations

1. a. Write the formula and name for the compound that contains iron(II) and oxygen. A black solid.

vs.

b. Write the formula and name for the compound that contains iron(III) and oxygen. A red solid.

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• Write the formula and name for the compound that contains chromium(I) and dichromate.

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• Write the name for Ni₃(PO₄)₂.

Mix It Up! Fixed and Variable Charge Cations

Identify if cation is fixed or variable!

Mix It Up! Fixed and Variable Charge Cations

1. Write the formula and name for the compound that contains lithium and nitrogen.

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• Write the formula and name for the compound that contains gold(II) and fluorine.

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• Write the name for PbS.

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• Write the name for Mn(NO₂)₃.

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• Write the name for Sr₃(PO₄)₂.

Covalent Nomenclature

Covalent Nomenclature

Name is 2 words:

(pre-)nonmetal1 <space> pre-nonmetal2-ide

carbon dioxide CO₂

prefix = subscript

subscript = prefix

Prefixes

dinitrogen pentoxide

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P₃F₄

N₂O₅

triphosphorus tetrafluoride

di

octa

4

5

6

7

tri

9

Important to Know Covalent Nomenclature!

dihydrogen monoxide

change.org petition to ban dihydrogen monoxide

• Colorless, odorless
• Can be found in just about everything we eat or drink today
• Death due to accidental inhalation
• Prolonged exposure to solid form causes severe tissue damage
• Major component of acid rain
• Found in biopsies of pre-cancerous tumors
• Often associated with killer cyclones

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Ionic and Covalent Nomenclature!

Write the formulas.

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1. Copper(I) chromate

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• Disulfur hexabromide

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• Gallium nitride

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• Zinc nitrite

Ionic and Covalent Nomenclature!

Write the names.

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1. Au₂(CO₃)₃

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• Cd(NO₃)₂

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• Cl₂O

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• KCN

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• NH₄C₂H₃O₂