Introduction into Enterprise�Architecture

Applicable to teams, projects, departments, organisations and ecosystems

Edzo A. Botjes @ Hogeschool Utrecht�2024-06-20

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‘Each generation stands on the shoulders of those who have gone before them’ �Stephen Hawking (2017)

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‘. . . each giant calling to his brother through the desolate intervals of time . . . ’ �Friedrich Nietzsche (1873)

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Enterprise Architecture

Index

1. Introduction
2. Enterprise (def)
3. Enterprise Architecture (def & meta-model & ross)
4. Relativity of Reality
5. Habermas & Conway
6. Science, Security & Learning

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ME

Introduction

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Multiple whitepapers�Thesis/IEEE ~6.000 reads�40+ Blogs�Quoted in Books and Theses

7 Sectors,

40+ Clients,

50+ Assignments�Infra to business strategy

1992 - 2006 your IT guy

2006 - 2020 Sogeti

2021 - 2023 Xebia

2024 - Self Employed

PhD Student Cyber Resilience 2021 - tbd

MSc Enterprise Architecture 2020

BSc Business Information Systems 2006

ASc Computer Science 2003

Edzo Botjes

Organisational Resilience

Antifragility Architect

Trusted Advisor

Cyber Resilience

Enterprise Security Architecture

Enterprise Architecture

Cyber Security & Cyber Resilience

Organization Transformation

Phone: �+31 6 21561440

�Email:�letstalk@edzob.com

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Linkedin: �www.linkedin.com/in/edzob

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Signal: �edzob.73

Methodologies and techniques

SRE, PKI, DYA, TOGAF, SABSA, Agile, SCRUM, DevOps, SAFe, IT Governance, ICF, IT Security, Design Thinking, Lean Startup, CI/CD, Data Integration, COBIT 2019, Cryptography, Lean Six Sigma, DEMO.

Ecosystem

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Internships�2005-2006

Consultant @ Sogeti�2006 - 2020

Edzo Botjes

Organisational Resilience

Antifragility Architect

Trusted Advisor

Consultant @ Xebia�2021 - 2023

Self Employed�2024

Phone: �+31 6 21561440

�Email:�letstalk@edzob.com

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Linkedin: �www.linkedin.com/in/edzob

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Signal: �edzob.73

Services delivered to …

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YOU

1. What is your role/ expertise/ passion?
2. Expectation of today
3. When will you be happy?

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Enterprise

Organisation

Hoogervorst, J. A. (2017). Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319721064

Dietz, J. L., et al, (2013). The discipline of enterprise engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263068480

Daft, R., Murphy, J., and Willmott, H. (2010). Organisation Theory and Design. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/761007858

Environment

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Enterprise Architecture

Organisation

Hoogervorst, J. A. (2017). Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319721064

Dietz, J. L., et al, (2013). The discipline of enterprise engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263068480

Daft, R., Murphy, J., and Willmott, H. (2010). Organisation Theory and Design. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/761007858

Environment

An enterprise is an intentionally created

cooperative of human beings

with a certain societal purpose.

Dietz et al, 2013

… enterprises aims �to fulfil or address certain (perceived) wants and needs �of (certain) societal member of society at large �by delivering products and/or services.

Hoogervorst, 2017

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Enterprise Architecture

Organisation

Hoogervorst, J. A. (2017). Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319721064

Dietz, J. L., et al, (2013). The discipline of enterprise engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263068480

Daft, R., Murphy, J., and Willmott, H. (2010). Organisation Theory and Design. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/761007858

Environment

An enterprise is an intentionally created

cooperative of human beings

with a certain societal purpose.

Dietz et al, 2013

… enterprises aims �to fulfil or address certain (perceived) wants and needs �of (certain) societal member of society at large �by delivering products and/or services.

Hoogervorst, 2017

If an organisation is purposeful, �and it is intentionally designed �then the organisation design plays an important role, �else there is no intention and no purpose.

Daft et al, 2010

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Organisation

Hoogervorst, J. A. (2017). Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319721064

Dietz, J. L., et al, (2013). The discipline of enterprise engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263068480

Daft, R., Murphy, J., and Willmott, H. (2010). Organisation Theory and Design. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/761007858

1. Social
2. Purposeful
3. Design

Environment

An enterprise is an intentionally created

cooperative of human beings

with a certain societal purpose.

Dietz et al, 2013

… enterprises aims �to fulfil or address certain (perceived) wants and needs �of (certain) societal member of society at large �by delivering products and/or services.

Hoogervorst, 2017

If an organisation is purposeful, �and it is intentionally designed �then the organisation design plays an important role, �else there is no intention and no purpose.

Daft et al, 2010

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Enterprise

Architecture

Enterprise Architecture

The goal

• Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

Design

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Environment

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Enterprise Architecture

Enterprise Architecture started in the IT domain, with electrical engineers and System Administrators.

Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Infrastructure

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Enterprise Architecture

The IT domain evolved into a business supportive domain

Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Business

Information Systems

Infrastructure

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Enterprise Architecture

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Information management was added to the mix

Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Business

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

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Enterprise Architecture

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Rational and common goals were introduced, and so was the concept of Business and IT alignment (SAMM)

Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

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Enterprise Architecture

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Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Privacy & Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

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Enterprise Architecture

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Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Privacy & Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Environment

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Enterprise Architecture

Enterprise Architecture

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Wagter, R., van Den Berg, M., & Van Steenbergen, M. (2005). Dynamic enterprise architecture: How to make it work. John Wiley & Sons.

Gartner 2022 Definition of enterprise architecture (EA)—Gartner information technology glossary. (n.d.). Gartner. Retrieved 31 July 2022, from https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/enterprise-architecture-ea

See for ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 (2010): and TOGAF 2012: Esmaeil Zadeh, M. (2014). Using the Viable System Model to Derive Methods for Developing Principles of Enterprise Architecture [PhD Thesis, UNSW Sydney]. https://doi.org/10.26190/UNSWORKS/17176

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The fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment embodied in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution (ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011).

The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time.

TOGAF

The consistent set of principles and models, that guides the design and implementation of processes, organizational structures, information flows and the technical infrastructure within an Enterprise

Wagter, 2005

… including the relationships between elements within the Enterprise and its environment.

(unofficially added by Nouwens e.a., 2020)

Privacy & Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Environment

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Enterprise Architecture

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Wagter, R., van Den Berg, M., & Van Steenbergen, M. (2005). Dynamic enterprise architecture: How to make it work. John Wiley & Sons.

Gartner 2022 Definition of enterprise architecture (EA)—Gartner information technology glossary. (n.d.). Gartner. Retrieved 31 July 2022, from https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/enterprise-architecture-ea

See for ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 (2010): and TOGAF 2012: Esmaeil Zadeh, M. (2014). Using the Viable System Model to Derive Methods for Developing Principles of Enterprise Architecture [PhD Thesis, UNSW Sydney]. https://doi.org/10.26190/UNSWORKS/17176

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The fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment embodied in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution (ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011).

The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time.

TOGAF

The consistent set of principles and models, that guides the design and implementation of processes, organizational structures, information flows and the technical infrastructure within an Enterprise

Wagter, 2005

… including the relationships between elements within the Enterprise and its environment.

(unofficially added by Nouwens e.a., 2020)

Privacy & Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Environment

Enterprise architecture (EA) is a discipline for proactively and holistically leading enterprise responses to disruptive forces by identifying and analysing the execution of change toward desired business vision and outcomes.

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EA delivers value by presenting business and IT leaders with signature-ready recommendations for adjusting policies and projects to achieve target business outcomes that capitalize on relevant business disruptions.

Gartner

Enterprise Architecture is the organising logic for business processes and IT infrastructure, reflecting its operating models’ integration and standardisation requirements. It provides a long term view of a company’s processes, systems and technologies so that individuals can build capabilities and not just fulfil immediate needs.

TOGAF

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Enterprise Architecture

Slicing the layers

SAFe https://www.scaledagileframework.com/agile-architecture/ https://www.scaledagileframework.com/enterprise-architect/

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Information Architecture

Privacy & Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Business Architecture

Application Architecture

Technical Architecture

______ Architecture

Common Domains

Business information strategy & planning

Focus on adding value

Application LifeCycle

Scope of responsibility

Enterprise Architect

Solution Architect

System Architect

Across �Value Streams

Across �Systems

Single �Systems

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Designed for Digital

A different slicing by Jeanne Ross et All - less technology drive, more business impact driven

Ross, Jeanne W., et al. Designed for Digital: How to Architect Your Business for Sustained Success. The MIT Press, 2019. DOI.org (Crossref). https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12188.001.0001

Ross, J. W., Weill, P., & Robertson, D. (2006). Enterprise architecture as strategy: Creating a foundation for business execution. Harvard Business School Press.

Operational Backbone

A coherent set of enterprise systems, data, and processes supporting a company’s core operations

Digital platform

A repository of business, data, and infrastructure components used to rapidly configure digital offerings

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Accountability framework

Distribution of responsibilities for digital offerings and components that balances autonomy and alignment

Shared customer insights

Knowledge about what customers are willing to pay for digital offerings and what their demands are towards digital

External developer platform

A repository of digital components open to external partners

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Design for Digital - Content

Ross, J. W., Weill, P., & Robertson, D. (2006). Enterprise architecture as strategy: Creating a foundation for business execution. Harvard Business School Press. �https://www.worldcat.org/title/1015886391. (book)

2020 Digital Transformation - Jeanne Ross by MIT Corporate Relations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrX0UemtWVQ (56m07s).

2019 Designed for Digital - Jeanne Ross by Pegasystems�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaRkQZlSu9Q (30m11s)

Digital Design and Transformation by MIT CISR .. Site with 8 videos on the book of Design for Digital. https://cisr.mit.edu/content/classic-topics-digital-design-and-transformation .

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Hidden Slide

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ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010

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Hidden Slide

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Beware!

There be dragons!

Enterprise Architecture

Slicing the layers

Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Beware!

More dragons!

Function & Construction

IT started in a reductionist approach of the construction (blueprint) … “now we know”

Reductionistic decomposition is a way to get a view on the construction.�In the end, it is the affordance of a system, that determines the value and applications.

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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductionism
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck
• How a table works, 1986, by Charles Ray, at National Georges Pompidou Centre of Art and Culture (Paris), from The Museum of Contemporary Art (LA, USA), gift of the Lannan Foundation, photo by E.A. Botjes 2022-04

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Affordance impacts Enterprise Engineering, Enterprise Design and Enterprise Architecture

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359821764_Researching_Sensemaking_and_Situational_Architecting_A_First_Step_Towards_a_Guide_for_Sensemaking_Situational_Architecturing_Designing_and_Changing_Enterprises

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Hidden Slide

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Beware!

Even more dragons!

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A story on reality

As old as the road to Rome Athens

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_of_Athens

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_of_Athens

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Objective Reality

Aristotel: reality by observation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo%27s_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_experiment

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Objective Reality

Aristotel: reality by observation

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234004661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo%27s_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_experiment

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Subjective reality

Plato: reality is subjective

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

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Subjective reality

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

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Perspective and information

https://twitter.com/DrNeenaJha/status/1338105837684977664

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Perspective and information

https://twitter.com/TanMohammedMD/status/1337865483446587392

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Perspective and information

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit%E2%80%93duck_illusion�https://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/lessons-from-the-dress-the-fundamental-ambiguity-of-visual-perception�

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Reflections and information

https://twitter.com/NicoleBeckwith/status/1277236284470280195/photo/1

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Visualisation and information

https://twitter.com/jimhejl/status/1452814882701824001

https://twitter.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1568102162064113669

https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html

“No red pixels You see what you expect to see“

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Visualisation and information

https://x.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1783764771130785985

https://x.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1783765416286040153

https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html

“This Coca-Cola can appears greenish, though it consists of black and white random dots.”

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Reflections and information

https://writing.exchange/@XanIndigo/109966588561594572

“The dress colours inside the two rectangles are identical.“

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#938DBB

Screenshot�Colorpick

https://writing.exchange/@XanIndigo/109966588561594572

““The dress colours inside the two rectangles are identical.“

“

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Rotating Snakes https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Magniphy8x51ms.gif

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_phenomenon

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/rafaelgiraldotenorio_entarch-activity-6681201385402376192-4MNK

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Observation of �reality is broken

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The map is not the territory

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Enterprise Architecture

The map is not the territory

Design

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Environment

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Subjective Chaos

https://twitter.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1784009348177604803?t=2AzN2jjLP0cRKIVuyHLSaA�https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit%E2%80%93duck_illusion�https://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/lessons-from-the-dress-the-fundamental-ambiguity-of-visual-perception�

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Definition of chaos by Lorenz

‘When the present determines the future, �but the approximate present �does not approximately determine the future.‘

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz

Lorenz, Edward Norton. 1963. “Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow.” Journal of the atmospheric sciences 20(2): 130–41. �doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2.

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Edward Lorenz�May 23, 1917 – April 16, 2008

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So what about objective reality?

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Securing & Chaos

Double Pendulum

Two deterministic systems create one non-deterministic system

Shinbrot, T., Grebogi, C., Wisdom, J., & Yorke, J. A. (1992). Chaos in a double pendulum. American Journal of Physics, 60(6), 491–499. doi: 10.1119/1.16860.�https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_pendulum

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Butterfly Effect

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/complexity-academy_complexitytheory-activity-6625721108249354241-MsJ�https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz�Lorenz, Edward Norton. 1963. “Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow.” Journal of the atmospheric sciences 20(2): 130–41. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2.i

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Objective chaos and organisation

Created by Edzo Botjes https://edzob.medium.com/where-does-enterprise-and-solution-architecture-fit-e3a5ae26c750

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Objective chaos in IT

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Objective chaos in IT

https://xkcd.com/2347

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Objective chaos in IT

An example of what is amplifying variety

Continuous innovation.

Huber, D., Kaufmann, H., and Steinmann, M. (2017). Innovation: An Abiding Enigma, pages 11–19. Springer International Publishing, Cham. �https://books.google.nl/books?id=rzckDwAAQBAJ

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What can we learn from objective and subjective chaos�Everything is broken

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"It’s hard to explain to regular people how much technology barely works, how much the infrastructure of our lives is held together by the IT equivalent of baling wire. Computer, and computing, are broken.”

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- Quinn Norton 2014

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https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/information-security-consciousness/71645722

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinn_Norton

Norton Q. (2014. May 20). 'Everything is broken'. The Message. Retrieved from: https://medium.com/message/everything-is-broken-81e5f33a24e1#.sc7pf19g3 (accessed June 18, 2020)

https://berthub.eu/prewar/ncsc%20accss%20surf%20keynote%20bert%20hubert-notes.pdf

https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/cyber-security-pre-war-reality-check/

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Is�Enterprise Architecture

broken?

Synchronicity in the now. O’Reilly and Hohpe �On subjective chaos.

• https://www.linkedin.com/posts/barry-o-reilly-b924657_gregor-hohpe-on-the-danger-of-believing-in-activity-7201923883602440192-NEgM
• https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ghohpe_craftconf-activity-7201891088645672960-NBc7

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Watch tips

An Introduction to Residuality Theory �- Barry O'Reilly - NDC London 2024�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MPUoiG6w_U

Dealing with unanticipated needs

– Dave Snowden

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYqWREPb3Lc

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Hidden Slide

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Work by Barry O’Reilly

1. An Introduction to Residuality Theory (2020):�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050920305585
2. The Philosophy of Residuality Theory (2021):�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921007420
3. The Machine In the Ghost: Autonomy, Hyperconnectivity and Residual Causality (2021)�https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/6/4/81
4. Residuality Theory, random simulation and attractor networks (2022)�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050922004975
5. Residuality and Representation: Toward a Coherent Philosophy of Software Architecture (2023)�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050923010621
6. Book - Residues: Time, Change, and Uncertainty in Software Architecture.�https://leanpub.com/residuality
7. An Introduction to Residuality Theory - Barry O'Reilly - NDC Oslo 2023 (52m54s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wcUG2EV-7E

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Videos on Reality

• Everything is Miscellaneous | David Weinberger | Talks at Google (57m01s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43DZEy_J694 �
• My stroke of insight | Jill Bolte Taylor | TED (20m11s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyyjU8fzEYU �
• Modelling vs Reality - Einar Høst - NDC Oslo 2023 (54m18s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAWVPCO575k �
• An Introduction to Residuality Theory - Barry O'Reilly - NDC Oslo 2023 (52m54s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wcUG2EV-7E

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More Videos on Reality�“Proceed with caution, questioning the fabric of reality can lead you to madness or the truth, �and the problem is, you won’t know which is which” - Lex Friedman

• Do we see reality as it is? | Donald Hoffman | TED (21m50s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYp5XuGYqqY
• Donald Hoffman: Reality is an Illusion - How Evolution Hid the Truth | Lex Fridman Podcast #293 (3h16m08s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reYdQYZ9Rj4
• Ten Lectures on Cognitive Linguistics - George Lakoff, Ph.D. (2004)�Lecture 03- Cognitive semantics The basic mechanism of thought 2 (1h41m23s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m76gR4dsczg
• Mental models are powerful | Real World Examples (1m15s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ko50kAXIFk
• A Revolution in Thought? - Dr Iain McGilchrist (1h04m11s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuQ4Hi7YdgU
• If Life Is Random, Is It Meaningless? (with Brian Klaas) 1/22/24 (59m56s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JN0Alk4cVA
• Professor Dave Snowden - Change and Complexity in Learning Conference (1h10m15s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUOOHDMA2JI
• Managing in Complexity (and chaos) - Dave Snowden (48m44s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_h7jhjAWXJ0

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Is�reality

broken?

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EMBRACE

THE ERA OF

CHAOS

Continuous Chaos

To summarize

Huber, D., Kaufmann, H., and Steinmann, M. (2017). Innovation: An Abiding Enigma, pages 11–19. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://books.google.nl/books?id=rzckDwAAQBAJ

Shinbrot, T., Grebogi, C., Wisdom, J., & Yorke, J. A. (1992). Chaos in a double pendulum. American Journal of Physics, 60(6), 491–499. doi: 10.1119/1.16860.

Derbyshire, J., & Wright, G. (2014). Preparing for the future: Development of an ‘antifragile’ methodology that complements scenario planning by omitting causation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 82, 215–225. doi: 10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2013.07.001.

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Objective and Subjective chaos fuels VUCA

Relevant to trends for you, your organisation and the field of Enterprise Architecture

Your reality �inside your organisation, �between organisations, and �around organisations is VUCA.

ISO 31.000 <- DNB

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.01.001

https://hbr.org/2014/01/what-vuca-really-means-for-you

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-16889-0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility,_uncertainty,_complexity_and_ambiguity

​

​

74

Volatile

Uncertain

Complex

Ambiguous

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The business relevance

Increased EU (GDPR, NIS2, CRA & DORA, RED, MDR, PLD, DMA, DSA, …) and there is also US law, Executive Order, …

• At a glance: A guide to the EU’s new digital package January 2023 Guillaume Couneson
• https://www.linklaters.com/en/insights/blogs/digilinks/2022/november/eu---dga-data-act-nisd2-dsa---confused
• https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/eu-cra-secure-coding-solution/

These regulations address risk management and cyber security of the environment, supply chain and the internals of the organisation on people, process and technology level from also the people, process and technology perspective.

75

Hidden Slide

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National Risk Assessment (NRA) 2022

By National Network of Safety and Security Analysts

https://www.government.nl/topics/security-strategy-for-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands/documents/reports/2022/09/26/national-risk-assessment-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands-2022

76

Hidden Slide

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Gartner 2024 - Strategic Technology Trends

https://www.gartner.com/en/articles/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2024

1. AI Trust, Risk and Security Management (AI TRiSM)
2. Continuous Threat Exposure Management (CTEM)
3. Sustainable Technology
4. Platform Engineering
5. AI-Augmented Development
6. Industry Cloud Platforms
7. Intelligent Applications
8. Democratized Generative AI
9. Augmented Connected Workforce
10. Machine Customers

77

Hidden Slide

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S&P Global - Special Reports: Look-forward

https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/special-reports/look-forward

https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/market-insights/geopolitical-risk

78

Geopolitical Risk

Hidden Slide

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European Strategy and Policy Analysis System

Welcome to 2030 - The mega trends

1. We are hotter
2. We are more, but where?
3. We live in cities
4. We continue to grow economically
5. We need more energy
6. We are highly connected
7. We are poly-nodal

https://ec.europa.eu/assets/epsc/pages/espas/chapter1.html

https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-forecast-and-surveys/economic-forecasts/winter-2024-economic-forecast-delayed-rebound-growth-amid-faster-easing-inflation_en

79

Hidden Slide

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Accenture Macro Foresight 2024

https://www.accenture.com/content/dam/accenture/final/accenture-com/document-2/Accenture-Strategy-Macro-Foresight-Brief-January-2024.pdf

80

Hidden Slide

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BCG CEO Outlook 2023

https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/ceo-outlook-navigating-the-road-ahead

Hidden Slide

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KPMG DE - Global Economic Outlook

https://kpmg.com/de/en/home/insights/2022/04/global-economic-outlook.html

Hidden Slide

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Enterprise Architecture

KPMG CEO Outlook 2023

https://kpmg.com/xx/en/home/insights/2023/09/kpmg-global-ceo-outlook-survey.html

Hidden Slide

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Enterprise Architecture

Finding the future at Burning Man

https://www.rollingstone.com/culture-council/articles/finding-future-at-burning-man-1234863238/

1. Radical Resilience:
2. Pop-Up Mega-Cities
3. Post Capitalism
4. FQ (Focus Quotient)
5. Regenerative Sustainability
6. Inclusive Identities
7. Communal Living
8. End of Death
9. Cultural Tensions
10. Thinking Like a Criminal

Hidden Slide

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World Economic Forum

shifting from prediction to foresight // Systemic disruption marks the end of trends

​

​

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/05/prediction-foresight-planning-future-disruption/

Hidden Slide

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VUCA impacts business and IT

Van Gils, B. (2023). Data in context: Models as enablers for managing and using data. Springer Nature Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-35539-4 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-35539-4

Huang, D.-L., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2010). Perception of information security. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(3), 221–232. doi: 10.1080/01449290701679361.

Eling, Martin, Michael McShane, and Trung Nguyen. 2021. “Cyber Risk Management: History and Future Research Directions.” Risk Management and Insurance Review 24(1): 93–125. doi:10.1111/rmir.12169.

​

​

Information

Context

Data

Value

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87

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Securing & Chaos

88

89

Conway &

Habermas

What is an enterprise?

Habermas (1986)

​

0Habermas, J. (1986, June). The theory of communicative action reason and the rationalization of society, volume 1. Polity Press.

Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6

Van Reijswoud, V. E. (1996, June 24). The structure of business communication: Theory, model and application. [Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology]. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d8bb57c3-cd09-40a8-ae10-b28a1cae11fe

Whalen, T. B. (2011, November). Transaction, negotiation, and emergence: A theoretical refinement of general social theory. [Doctoral dissertation, Gonzaga University]. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24601.88160. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328913070

90

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What is an enterprise?

Habermas (1986)

​

​

IF an enterprise is a cooperation of people, with a certain purpose, �THEN our collaboration determines the data in our systems.��

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

THEN organisation design plays an important

91

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What is an enterprise?

Habermas (1986)

​

0Habermas, J. (1986, June). The theory of communicative action reason and the rationalization of society, volume 1. Polity Press.

Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6

Van Reijswoud, V. E. (1996, June 24). The structure of business communication: Theory, model and application. [Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology]. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d8bb57c3-cd09-40a8-ae10-b28a1cae11fe

Whalen, T. B. (2011, November). Transaction, negotiation, and emergence: A theoretical refinement of general social theory. [Doctoral dissertation, Gonzaga University]. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24601.88160. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328913070

92

Conways Law (1967) - “Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations.”

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Enterprise Architecture

What is an enterprise?

Why we need maps

• Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer
• doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 �Dietz, J., & Hoogervorst, J. (2017). Foundations of enterprise engineering. TEE-00 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320353420_Foundations_of_Enterprise_Engineering
• Van Gils, B. (2023). Data in context: Models as enablers for managing and using data. Springer Nature Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-35539-4 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-35539-4

93

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Organisational layers

Which layers are the most stable?

ietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer �doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6

94

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95

Science &

Security

Definition of Secure & in-Secure

Schneier, B. (2008). The psychology of security. International conference on cryptology in Africa, 5023, 50–79. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68164-9_5.

Huang, D.-L., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2010). Perception of information security. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(3), 221–232. doi: 10.1080/01449290701679361.

​

​

Secure

in-Secure

Expectation

Observation

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Enterprise Architecture

Wisdom that will save you �time, money and frustration.

"If you think technology can solve �your security problems, �then you don't understand the problems �and you don't understand the technology.”��- Bruce Schneier, secrets and lies, 2007

​

https://www.schneier.com/books/secrets-and-lies-pref

97

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98

Northern �Star

Learning / Perception / Multiverse

Back to Plato

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA.

Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-myths

​

​

99

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Learning / Perception / Multiverse

Plato / Senge/ Hestenes

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA.

Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-myths

​

​

100

Mental Model

Behavior

Reality

II

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Learning / Perception / Multiverse

Mental Models are in your head!

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA.

Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-myths

​

​

101

Mental Model

Behavior

Reality

II

What you do not know,

you can not see [social engineering].

​

What you do not expect,

you can not see [inattentional blindness].

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Enterprise Architecture

Learning / Perception / Multiverse

AI / Personal Search Bubble/ Personal timeline in TikTok/ Insta etc

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA.

Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-myths

​

​

102

Mental Model

Behavior

Reality

II

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Learning / Perception / Multiverse

5th Discipline .. Key for collaboration

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA.

Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-myths

​

​

103

Mental Model

Building shared vision

Personal�Mastery

Team�Learning

Systems�Thinking

Behavior

Reality

I

III

II

IV

V

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Enterprise Architecture

Cynefin framework by Dave Snowden

https://thecynefin.co/library/cynefin-weaving-sense-making-into-the-fabric-of-our-world/

https://www.systemswisdom.com/sites/default/files/Snowdon-and-Boone-A-Leader's-Framework-for-Decision-Making_0.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynefin_frameworkhttps://doi.org/10.1108/08944310510556955 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330500755 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5386804

​

​

Holistic

approach

Reductionistic

approach

Correlation: seen�Causality: known

Correlation: seen�Causality: unknown

Correlation: unseen�Causality: unknown

Correlation: seen�Causality: known

Skipped�Slide

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105

Future of

Enterprise Architecture

A small contribution to�The future of E.A.

1. Human-centred �Respecting the power of the o-organisation.
2. Flow-oriented�Respecting resilience
3. Value-sensitive�Respecting subjective reality and purpose
4. Situational�Respecting continuous chaos

​

van Steenbergen, M., Nouwens, H., Eusterbrock, T., & Botjes, E. A. (2023). Survival of the fitting: An essay on Sensemaking Architecture. Sogeti Nederland B.V. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10041096

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Causal loop diagram to envision sensemaking architecture

107

Hidden Slide

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Future Enterprise Architecture �

​

1. Continuous maximize the overlap between expectation and observation.
2. Maximize the resilient o-organisation, the rest will follow.
3. Minimize technical / organisational design/ implementation debt.
4. …
5. …
6. …

108

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Future Enterprise Architecture �

​

• Continuous maximize the overlap between expectation and observation.
• Maximize the resilient o-organisation, the rest will follow.
• Minimize technical / organisational design/ implementation debt.
• Enterprise Architecture will be about decoupling and resilience
• Enterprise Architecture will become Enterprise Design
• Enterprise Design will become an Art, since humans are strange

109

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110

Summary

See - Accept - Act

Chaos is inevitable

Focus on the humans

Optimize for learning

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Enterprise Architecture

Public Service Announcement

Allow me to introduce myself

Security

2022-10�Situational Design

is it OR, or is it AND?

Security

2022-10�Situational Design

TL;DR How is it all connected?

Security

2022-10�Situational Design

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APPENDIX

Enterprise Security highlighted reference 0/8

Sections of curated literature:

​

1. On Complexity Science/ Reality
2. On Security
3. On Cyber Security & Cyber Resilience
4. On Enterprise & Enterprise Engineering
5. On Enterprise Architecture
6. On Technical Enterprise Architecture & Software Architecture
7. On Enterprise Security Architecture
8. On Zero-Trust�

116

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On Complexity Science/ Reality

​

1. Heylighen, F., Cilliers, P., & Gershenson, C. (2016). Complexity and Philosophy. Critical Complexity, abs/cs/0604072, 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502590-018
2. Strikwerda, J. (2023). Organized Complexity in Business: Understanding, Concepts and Tools. In Future of Business and Finance. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25237-2
3. Jackson, M. C. (2019). Critical Systems Thinking and the Management of Complexity: Responsible leadership for a complex world (1st ed.). Wiley. https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/1084618665
4. McGilchrist, I. (2021). The Matter With Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions, and the Unmaking of the World. (1–2). Perspectiva Press. https://search.worldcat.org/title/1287050088

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Enterprise Security highlighted reference 2/8

On Security

​

• Cains, Mariana G., Liberty Flora, Danica Taber, Zoe King, and Diane S. Henshel. 2022. “Defining Cyber Security and Cyber Security Risk within a Multidisciplinary Context Using Expert Elicitation.” Risk Analysis 42(8): 1643–69. doi:10.1111/risa.13687. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/risa.13687
• Lezzi, Marianna, Mariangela Lazoi, and Angelo Corallo. 2018. “Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0 in the Current Literature: A Reference Framework.” Computers in Industry 103: 97–110. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2018.09.004. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166361518303658
• Schatz, Daniel, Rabih Bashroush, and Julie Wall. 2017. “Towards a More Representative Definition of Cyber Security.” The Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law. doi:10.15394/jdfsl.2017.1476. https://commons.erau.edu/jdfsl/vol12/iss2/8/
• Bay, Morten. 2016. “What Is Cybersecurity? In Search of an Encompassing Definition for the Post-Snowden Era.” French Journal For Media Research 6: 1--28. https://frenchjournalformediaresearch.com/lodel-1.0/main/docannexe/file/988/morten_pdf.pdf
• Smith, S. (2023). Towards a Scientific Definition of Cyber Resilience. International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, 18(1), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.18.1.960
• Schneier, B. (2008). The Psychology of Security. In S. Vaudenay (Ed.), Progress in Cryptology – AFRICACRYPT 2008 (Vol. 5023, pp. 50–79). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68164-9_5
• Huang, D.-L., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2010). Perception of information security. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(3), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701679361

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Enterprise Security highlighted reference 3/8

On Cyber Security & Cyber Resilience

​

• Eling, M., McShane, M., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Cyber risk management: History and future research directions. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 24(1), 93–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12169
• Alhidaifi, S. M., Asghar, M. R., & Ansari, I. S. (2024). A Survey on Cyber Resilience: Key Strategies, Research Challenges, and Future Directions. ACM Computing Surveys, 56(8), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/3649218
• Sepúlveda Estay, D. A., Sahay, R., Barfod, M. B., & Jensen, C. D. (2020). A systematic review of cyber-resilience assessment frameworks. Computers & Security, 97, 101996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101996
• Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper, & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI) (Vol. 01, pp. 62–71). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017

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On Enterprise & Enterprise Engineering

​

• Hoogervorst, J. A. P. (2018). Foundations of enterprise governance and enterprise engineering: Presenting the employee-centric theory of organization (1st ed.). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72107-1
• Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020). Enterprise Ontology: A Human-Centric Approach to Understanding the Essence of Organisation (1st ed.). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6

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On Enterprise Architecture

​

• Ross, J. W., Beath, C. M., & Mocker, M. (2019). Designed for digital: How to architect your business for sustained success. The MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262542760/designed-for-digital
• van Steenbergen, M., Nouwens, H., Eusterbrock, T., & Botjes, E. A. (2023). Survival of the fitting: An essay on Sensemaking Architecture. Sogeti Nederland B.V. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10041096
• Saint-Louis, P., Morency, M. C., & Lapalme, J. (2019). Examination of explicit definitions of enterprise architecture. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 11, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979019866337
• Saint-Louis, P., & Lapalme, J. (2018). An exploration of the many ways to approach the discipline of enterprise architecture. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 10, 184797901880738. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979018807383
• Vallerand, J., Lapalme, J., & Moïse, A. (2017). Analysing enterprise architecture maturity models: A learning perspective. Enterprise Information Systems, 11(6), 859–883. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2015.1091951
• Aven, T. (2021). On Some Foundational Issues Concerning the Relationship Between Risk and Resilience. Risk Analysis, 42(9), 2062–2074. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13848
• Fjaeran, L., & Aven, T. (2021). Creating conditions for critical trust – How an uncertainty-based risk perspective relates to dimensions and types of trust. Safety Science, 133, 105008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105008

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On Technical Enterprise Architecture & Software Architecture

​

• Hohpe
1. Hohpe, G., & Woolf, B. A. (2004). Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions. Addison-Wesley. https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/52901145
2. Hohpe, G. (2024). Platform Strategy: Innovation Through Harmonization. Leanpub.
3. Hohpe, G. (2020). The software architect elevator: Redefining the architect’s role in the digital enterprise (First edition). O’Reilly Media.
4. Hohpe, G. (2020). Cloud Strategy: A Decision-Based Approach to Successful Cloud Migration. Independently Published. http://leanpub.com/cloudstrategy
• O’Reilly
• O’Reilly, B. M. (2023). Residuality and Representation: Toward a Coherent Philosophy of Software Architecture. Procedia Computer Science, 224, 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.09.015
• O’Reilly, B. M. (2022). Residuality Theory, random simulation, and attractor networks. Procedia Computer Science, 201, 639–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.03.084
• O’Reilly, B. M. (2021). The Machine in the Ghost: Autonomy, Hyperconnectivity, and Residual Causality. Philosophies, 6(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6040081

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On Enterprise Security Architecture

​

• Diefenbach, T., Lucke, C., & Lechner, U. (2019). Towards an Integration of Information Security Management, Risk Management and Enterprise Architecture Management – A Literature Review. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1109/CloudCom.2019.00057
• McClintock, M., Falkner, K., Szabo, C., & Yarom, Y. (2020). Enterprise Security Architecture: Mythology or Methodology?: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 2, 679–689. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009404406790689
• Graham, M. R. (2021). Enterprise security architecture-mythology or methodology? [PhD Thesis, The University of Adelaide]. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/132936/1/Graham2021_PhD.pdf
• Kuiper, Renato 2022 “Security architecture development over 20 years” https://isaca.nl/nieuws/security-architecture-development-over-20-years
• TOGAF https://publications.opengroup.org/g152
• O-ESA https://publications.opengroup.org/g112
• SABSA
• https://sabsacourses.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/TSI-T100-Modelling-SABSA-with-ArchiMate.pdf �https://sabsa.org/other-resources/
• Burkett, Jason S. 2012. “Business Security Architecture: Weaving Information Security into Your Organization’s Enterprise Architecture through SABSA®.” Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective 21(1): 47–54. doi:10.1080/19393555.2011.629341.
• OSA https://www.opensecurityarchitecture.org/cms/foundations/osa-landscape

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On Zero-Trust

• Ross, Ron, Victoria Pillitteri, Richard Graubart, Deborah Bodeau, and Rosalie McQuaid. 2021. Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems: A Systems Security Engineering Approach. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.). doi:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-160v2r1. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-160v2r1.pdf
• Rose, Scott, Oliver Borchert, Stu Mitchell, and Sean Connelly. 2020. Zero Trust Architecture. National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-207.pdf
• Bobbert, Yuri, Jeroen Scheerder, and Tim Timmermans. 2022. “Perspectives from 50+ Years’ Practical Zero Trust Experience and Learnings on Buyer Expectations and Industry Promises.” In Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, ed. Kohei Arai. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 864–81. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10467-1_53.
• Bobbert, Yuri, and Jeroen Scheerder. 2022. “Zero Trust Validation: From Practice to Theory : An Empirical Research Project to Improve Zero Trust Implementations.” In 2022 IEEE 29th Annual Software Technology Conference (STC), Gaithersburg, MD, USA: IEEE, 93–104. doi:10.1109/STC55697.2022.00021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365597807
• Bobbert, Yuri, and Tim Timmermans. 2024. “Zero Trust and Compliance with Industry Frameworks and Regulations.” : 1--18. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54053-0_43.
• Migeon, Jean-Hugues, and Yuri Bobbert. 2022. “Leveraging Zero Trust Security Strategy to Facilitate Compliance to Data Protection Regulations.” In Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, ed. Kohei Arai. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 847–63. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10467-1_52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361820473

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Enterprise Architecture