Animals

Chapter 27

Animalia Characteristics

• Heterotrophs
• Mobility
• Multicellular
• Diploid
• Sexual Reproduction
• Blastula Formation
• Lack Cell Walls
• Tissues

Heterotrophs

Mobility

Multicellular

Daphnia

Diploid

• 2 of each chromosome
• More genetic diversity

Sexual Reproduction

• Gametes joining together
• Genetic Diversity
• Industrial Revolution
• destroyed lichen
• light ones eaten

Absence of Cell Wall

• Cell wall is a very rigid structure
• What is advantage to not having a cell wall?

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Macrophage

Blastula

• found in all animals except sponge
• develops from a zygote
• Hollow ball of cell
• Eventually develops

into 3 layers

• Ectoderm
• Mesoderm
• Endoderm

Tissues

Body Symmetry

- body plan, how its parts are arranged�- asymmetry - no pattern

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Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, jellyfish)

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Jellyfish and starfish are predators.

Bilateral Symmetry -  has a right and left side � (humans, insects, cats, etc)

Identify the Symmetry

Cephalization -anterior concentration of sense organs (a head)

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Which one of these exhibits cephalization?

Internal Body Cavity

• Coelom = body cavity between body wall and digestive tract
• 3 types of animals based on coelom type
• Acoelomate
• Pseudocoelomate
• Coelomate

Coelom Types

Image

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http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/default.htm

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Advantages?

Segmentation

• Series of Repeating Similar Units
• Found in Advanced Organisms
• Advantages?

2 Main Groups of Animals

Evolutionary Relationships

Animal Body Systems

• digestion
• respiration
• circulation
• support
• reproduction
• conduction of nerve impulses
• excretion

Digestion

• Breaking down nutrients into usable form
• Intracellularly

Digestion

Digestion

Respiration

• Process of exchanging gases with environment
• Cutaneous

Respiration

Circulation

• Process of transporting materials from one part of an organism to another
• Some lack a circulatory system

Open Circulatory System

Closed Circulatory System

Conduction of Nerve Impulses

• Used for communication
• Collect environmental stimuli and responds
• Sent by Neurons
• All organisms except Sponges

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Nervous System

Support

• Movement
• Protection
• Shape
• Hydrostatic Skeleton

Exoskeleton

• Hard skeleton on outside
• Advantage?
• Disadvantage?

Endoskeleton

• Skeleton inside
• Advantage?
• Disadvantage?

Excretion

• Process of Ridding the Body of Waste
• Necessity?
• Diffusion

Reproduction

• Asexual
• Gametes aren’t fused
• genetically identical
• its quick
• 1 organism

Budding

Hydra

Budding

Budding

Binary Fission

Fragmentation

Planaria

Parthenogenesis

Sexual Reproduction

• Male and Female Gametes
• 2 parents
• Genetically Different
• Takes longer

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External Fertilization

Internal Fertilization

Hermaphrodite

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Major Groups of Animals

• Porifera
• Sessile
• No Tissues
• Filter Feeders
• Asymmetrical

Cnidaria

• Radial Symmetry
• Stinging Cells
• Aquatic
• Gastrovascular Cavity
• Tentacles
• Umbrella shaped stage

Platyhelminthes

• No Cephalization
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Acoelomate
• Most Hermaphrodites
• Flatworms

Nematoda

• Pseudocoelomates
• Unsegmented
• Roundworms
• Separate Sexes

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Annelida

Segmented Worms

Coelomate

Closed Circulatory

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Mollusca

• Soft body
• trochophore larvae
• most have shell
• bilateral symmetry

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Arthropoda

• Segmentation
• Exoskeleton
• Jointed Appendages

Echinodermata

• Move with tube feet
• Aquatic
• Radial symmetry
• Lack Cephalization
• Spiny skin
• Endoskeleton (plates)

Chordata

• Has Backbone
• Most Advanced Group
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Cephalization
• Coelomates