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QUICK REVIEW: LAYERS OF THE EARTH

  • 1. Layers of the Earth
  • Layers of the Earth – Smart Learning for All

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PLATE TECTONICS

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VOCABULARY WORDS

  • Crustal Plate- a rigid (hard) layer of the Earth’s crust.

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  • Plate Boundaries- areas where two plates meet, separate, or slide past each other.

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VOCABULARY WORDS

  • Tectonic Plate- a big solid rock composed of continental and oceanic lithospehere.

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  • Subduct- a process in which one edge of the plate is forced below another plate.

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HISTORY

  • About 200 million years ago, there were no crustal plates.
  • There is a one giant supercontinent called Pangaea and one giant super-ocean called Panthalasa.

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ASSEMBLE THE PUZZLE

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THE PANGAEA

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  • The idea suggested by Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, according to him: Pangaea broke into pieces that formed the crustal plates and slowly moved until they reached their present position.
  • The crustal plates are moving slowly.

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CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

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THE EARTH’S MAJOR PLATES

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THE MAJOR CRUSTAL PLATES

  1. Eurasian Plate
  2. African Plate
  3. Pacific Plate
  4. Indian Plate
  5. Australian Plate
  6. Antarctic Plate
  7. American Plate (North and South)

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THE PLATE BOUNDARIES

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PLATE BOUNDARIES

  • The Earth’s crust is divided into two:
    • Continental Crust
    • Oceanic Crust

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TECTONIC PLATES

  • A tectonic plate is a massive, irregularly shaped piece of solid rock.
  • It is commonly made up of both continental and oceanic crust (lithosphere).
  • The tectonic plates are moving in different directions

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TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES

  • 1.Convergent Plate Boundary
  • 2. Divergent Plate Boundary
  • 3. Transform Plate Boundary

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1. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

  • This occur where tectonic plates collide.
  • It can be of three types:
    • Ocenic – Oceanic
    • Oceanic – Continental
    • Continental - Continental

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OCEANIC-OCEANIC �CONVERGENT BOUNDARY

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OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL �CONVERGENT BOUNDARY

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CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL �CONVERGENT BOUNDARY

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CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

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  • When Tectonic Plates collide, the heavier Crustal Plate is pushed below, its is called Subduction Zone.
  • Convergent plate boundaries create earthquakes, ridges, deep trenches and chains of active volcanoes.

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CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

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DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

  • Divergent Plate Boundary occurs when two plates move away from each other.
  • When plates break apart, the lithosphere thins and ruptures forming fractures on the crust.

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DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

  • The fractures formed become filled with magma upwelling .
  • As the magma cools off, a new crust is formed between the diverging plates.
  • In the oceanic crust, it is called Seafloor Spreading.

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  • Earthquakes, faults and underwater volcanic eruptions occur in a divergent plate boundary.

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  • Ex: Mid-oceanic Ridge in the Atlantic Ocean

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SEAFLOOR SPREADING

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TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY

  • Known also as Transform Fault Boundary.
  • Occurs when two plates slide past each other.
  • As the two plates glide each other in different directions, earthquakes occur.
  • Ex: San Andreas Fault in California

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TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY

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SAN ANDREAS FAULT

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THE THREE PLATE BOUNDARIES

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THE PLATES

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VIDEO PRESENTATIONS

  • 1. Plates
  • 2. Plate Boundaries
  • Tectonic Plate Boundaries
  • Tectonics of the Planet Earth