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Open Educational Resources (OER) Refresh!

A general overview of OER and Creative Commons (with supporting research!)

This presentation by the New England Board of Higher Education is released under a

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Students Can’t Learn From a Textbook They Can’t Afford

Florida Virtual Campus. (2019). 2019 Florida Virtual Campus Student Textbook & Course Materials Survey. Tallahassee, FL.

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Why does OER matter more than ever?

Photo by Dollar Gill on Unsplash

Students often share textbooks or borrow books on reserve at the library.
Safety measures imposed by COVID-19 will likely mean these options will not be available in the fall and possibly beyond.
Students who can’t afford the books will either have to risk health and safety or go without the required textbook.
OER would allow all students free, immediate and perpetual access.

Health & Safety

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Why does OER matter more than ever?

Photo by Madison Kaminski on Unsplash

Unemployment levels are at a historic high
Families are often caught off guard by out-of-pocket costs associated with textbooks, access codes, etc.
OER ensures free, first day access to required learning materials

Financial savings

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Why does OER matter more than ever?

Photo by Naassom Azevedo on Unsplash

Licensing structures of OER permit students to retain the materials in perpetuity.
Students may need to withdraw from a course or drop out of school for financial, health, or caretaking responsibilities, etc. and OER allows a student to pick up where they left off.
They don’t have to buy or rent the new edition if they re-enroll in the future, because the new edition will always be free.
Faculty don’t need to restrain their pedagogy based on copyright restrictions

Flexibility

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Why does OER matter more than ever?

Photo by Naassom Azevedo on Unsplash

Online teaching requires new and innovative ways to engage students, and Open Pedagogy, a student-centered approach to OER and knowledge creation, has endless opportunities to do just this.

Licensing structures of OER permit students to revise and remix existing content to build upon and customize.

Opportunities for faculty and students to view their discipline through the lens of timely and relevant public health and social justice issues like COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter by co-creating materials that can be shared and repurposed beyond the classroom

Student-centered pedagogy

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Return on Investment

Students enrolled in OER courses have higher credit loads than those enrolled in non-OER courses (Fischer, et al., 2015).

In one study, 42.2% of students who saved money with OER said they reinvested those funds in their education (i.e. by paying for tuition, taking more classes, etc) (Kahihifo, et al., 2017).

OER decreases drop rates and that the reduction in refunds to students from dropped classes represents a “substantial new source of revenue” for institutions (Wiley, et al., 2016).

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OER Promotes Student Success

Colvard, N., Watson, C., & Park, H. (2018). The impact of open educational resources on various student success metrics. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 30(2), 262-276. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1184998.pdf

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OER Promotes Student Success

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OER Promotes Student Success

Jhangiani, R. S., Dastur, F. N., Le Grand, R., & Penner, K. (2018). As Good or Better than Commercial Textbooks: Students’ Perceptions and Outcomes from Using Open Digital and Open Print Textbooks. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2018.1.5

“Moreover, students assigned an open textbook in either format perform either no differently from or better than those assigned a commercial textbook. These results are consistent with the existing literature and support the conclusion that the cost savings to students associated with the adoption of open textbooks do not come at the expense of resource quality or student performance.”

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What is OER?

“Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning and research materials in any medium – digital or otherwise – that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions.” -- William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

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��Reuse: Content can be reused in its unaltered form;��Revise: Content can be adapted, adjusted, modified or altered;��Remix: The original or revised content can be combined with other content to create something new;��Redistribute: Copies of the content can be shared with others in its original, revised or remixed form;

Retain: Users have the right to make, own, and control copies of the content (added 2014)

OER are broadly considered to meet the “5Rs Framework,” meaning that users are free to:

Andria Tieman

Original blog post, The Four R’s of Open Content by David Wiley (2007)

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Examples

Textbooks

Photographs, audio, video files, websites

Lesson plans, syllabi, test banks, course guides

Course modules (LMS)

Journal articles (OA)

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What is OER?

Free

Open

Remix

Revise

Reuse

Retain

Redistribute

No cost

Photo by Leyre Labarga on Unsplash

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What is OER?

FREE + PERMISSIONS

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What is copyright?

The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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Photo by Cristina Gottardi

Fair Use

17 U.S. Code § 107

Commentary, news reporting, criticism, teaching, research, & scholarship

The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes�
The nature of the copyrighted work�
The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole�
The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work

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Creative Commons

Creative Commons (6) licenses help creators retain their copyright in a work while simultaneously granting explicit permission for varying degrees of reuse.

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Attribution

You must give credit to the creator (copyright holder). This is the foundation of all CC licenses.

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Distribute image on t-shirt

Sell the t-shirt for $

Print it

Display in my house/office

Alter it, display, sell

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Share- alike

If you create something new, you must share it under the same license.

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Creative Commons

Wear my t-shirt

Sell the t-shirt for $

Print it

Display in my house/office

Alter it, display, sell

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Non-commercial

Commercial use of the material is prohibited. This is both delightfully and uncomfortably vague.

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Creative Commons

Wear my t-shirt

Sell the t-shirt for $

Print it

Display in my house/office

Alter it, display, sell

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

No derivatives

You may use and share the material (even commercially), however, you may not alter the original in any way.

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Wear my t-shirt

Sell the t-shirt for $

Print it

Display in my house/office

Alter it, display, sell

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Non-commercial AND No derivatives

You may use and share the material, but you may not alter the original in any way or expose the work to an indirect or direct commercial transaction.

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Wear my t-shirt

Sell the t-shirt for $

Print it

Display in my house/office

Alter it, display, sell

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

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Creative Commons

Photo by Cristina Gottardi on Unsplash

Public Domain

All copyright is waived from origin. Attribution is optional.

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Most OER are licensed with a�Creative Commons License

�

By Creative commons (the original CC license symbols),�the combined work by Shaddim and is hereby cc-by-4.0 licensed.�https://creativecommons.org/about/downloads/ https://creativecommons.org/policies/,�Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47247325

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Time to test your knowledge

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Renting a textbook can be a “cheaper” option for students, however, what is the biggest limitation in terms of the 5Rs?

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Time to test your knowledge

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A colleague tells you that she is interested in OER to save her students money, too. She is interested in assigning one of the library’s e-books as her textbook. How would you respond?

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Lindsey Gumb

Fellow, Open Education

lgumb@nebhe.org

617-533-9529

nebhe.org/openeducation

@NEBHE

Image licensed by NEBHE through Shutterstock