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History of ICT

Two main issues regarding the ict’s

On the one hand :

Telecommunication Technologies.

On the other hand:

Computer technologies.

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History of ICT

The very first telecom means was the telegraph.

It was based on electrical signals and theMorse code .

It was born in the 19’th century.

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History of ICT

At the end of the nineteenth century the telephone was invented.

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History of ICT

The first telephone exchange appeared in 1877

In the early 20’th century appeared first automatic telephone exchanges

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History of ICT

Maxwell stated that electromagnetic waves might travel through the air.

Hertz achieved transmitting an electromagnetic wave from one location to another

In 1894 Guglielmo Marconi built the first wireless telegraphy system.

This is first time that signals jump to the air !!!

1830s on. James Clerk Maxwell showed in theoretical and mathematical form in 1864 that electromagnetic waves could propagate through free space.^[2][3] It is likely that the first intentional transmission of a signal by means of electromagnetic waves was performed in an experiment by David Edward Hughes around 1880, although this was considered to be induction at the time. In 1888 Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was able to conclusively prove transmitted airborne electromagnetic waves in an experiment confirming Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism.

First wireless telegraph station at the isle of Wright

Cervera founded the Spanish Wireless Telegraph and Telephone Corporation and established the second and third regular radiotelegraph service in the history of the world in 1901 and 1902 by maintaining regular transmissions between Tarifa and Ceuta for three consecutive months, and betweenJavea (Cabo de la Nao) and Ibiza

Marconi's experimental apparatus proved to be the first engineering-complete, commercially successful radio transmission system

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History of ICT

First radio programme broadcast in 1906.

This involved the first time Amplitude Modulation (AM) was used.

In 1933 Armstrong invented the Frequency Modulation (FM).

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History of ICT

ATT commercialized the first mobile telephone service in 1947.

Bell Laboratories developped the analog cell phone system in 1978.

Digital cell phone systems appeared in the 1990’s

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First calculators: (Mechanical Calculators)�
In 1642 Pascal (France) and in 1671 Leibnitz (Germany), both of them mathematicians, designed similar devices.

History of ICT

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In 1833, roughly 200 years later, we can find the first successful attempt to manufacture a mechanical calculator by Babbage (Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine). It was first design for a program-controlled computer.

History of ICT

It was first design for a program-controlled computer.

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In 1890 Hollerith used the punched card tabulating machine to achieve the USA census.

History of ICT

Electromechanical Calculators.

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Electromechanical Calculators.

History of ICT

In 1931 IBM designs a super computing machine, the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, nicknamed “Mark I”.

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History of ICT

In 1936, mathematician Alan Turing published his description of what became known as a Turing machine.

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Electronic Calculators.

History of ICT

In 1946 Eckert and Mauchly from the Moore School of electric engineering, (Pennsylvania University), built the very first electronic calculator. It was named ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.

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Electronic Calculators.

History of ICT

In 1946 IBM delivered the first small electronic calculator. (type 603).

In 1948 IBM designed its type 604 of which IBM sold 4000 units in twelve years. This calculator was the first all-purpose calculator.

In 1948 Bardeen and Brattain and Shockley invented the bipolar transistor.

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Electronic Calculators.

History of ICT

1949: The EDVAC was a stored programme computer. (First computer built according to Neumann's architecture).

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Electronic Calculators.

History of ICT

In 1958 Texas Instruments invented the Integrated Circuit.

In 1964 the IBM's S360 was one of the first computers based on integrated circuits. It worked with memory bytes.

In 1968 Intel develops the first microprocessor.

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History of ICT

In 1969 the USA-Army built the first computer network connecting roughly a thousand computers (ARPANET). The american universities joined this primitive net very soon.

ARPANET is the first computer network !!!

In 1972 ARPANET was presented at the International Computer Communication Conference.

In 1989 ARPANET desappears and TELNET and INTERNET were set up.

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In 1990 Timothy Berners-Lee developped a protocol for the CERN .

It was based on HTML

It was the origin of the World Wide Web !

History of ICT

the web makes it easy to roam, browse and contribute to the internet

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In 1993 Mosaic, the first web browser, is born. It was followed by Netscape.

In 1995 began to work international organizations to manage the internet:

IETF (Internet Engeenering Task Force).

IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority). Nowadays the ICANN.

In 1991 we have the first search engine Archie.

History of ICT

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange