Neoscariasis

Ascariasis

Parasacariasis

It is species sp. parasite

Each host sp. has its own ascaris nematodes

They are the largest intestinal parasites of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and horses

Female are 30cm long and male are 25cm long

• Ascaris suum

Pig

• Parascaris equorum

Horse

• Toxocara vitulorum

Cattle and Buffalo

• Ascaris lumbricoides

Man/Sheep

• Toxocara canis

Dog

Adult Worm

S.I

Lays large no. of Eggs

swallowed

Eggs hatch in intestine

larvae

Migrate via intestinal wall to portal vein and to liver

Hepatic venous system

Lung

Bronchial tree

Pharynx

Swallowed

Intestine

Mature adult worm

Larvae

Settle in somatic cells

No development or growing of larvae

During Calving

Larvae activated and migrate to udder

Pass to colostrum

Taken by calf

Grow to adult parasite in intestine of calf

Pigs & Horses gets the infection from the ingestion of infected larvated eggs

Toxocara Vitulorum larvae are present in greatest no in the colostrum 2 to 5 days after calving. These larvae are ingested by calves along with the colostrum which develops in adult worm in their intestine about 10days age of the calves. The worm started laying eggs which are passed by 3 weeks.

Toxocarriosis is a calf hood disease.

The disease is especially important in buffaloes calves and Pup.

Mortality is moderate in adult and high in neonates

A febrile and Intermittent diarrhoea

• Obstructive jaundice

Some time intestinal obstruction

• Sometime coughing of the worm

Inzootic pneumonia and Swine influenza accompanied by Ascariasis.

In calves and foals similar sign to pigs may also occurs.

Pathology

• Sub pleural haemorrhage, oedema and congestion of lung.
• Blood stained fluid in peritoneal cavity.
• In chronic cases liver capsule has marked white spot.
• The necrotic tissue are replaced by fibrotic tissue.

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Necropsy

• Ascarid eggs are brown and have thick walls with a pitted surface.

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• Increase eosinophilia and decrease Hb.

Diagnosis

• Anthelmentic mentioned earlier

PIGS, CATTLE, HORSE

• Pyrantel is the drug of choice for treatment of T. vitulorum as it has good efficacy against both mature and immature worms

BUFFALO CALVES

Ivermectin, Piperazine and Levamisole are also effective

Deworming of calves in 3^rd to 6 weeks of age.

Pregnant dams of all domesticated animals and Pets should be dewormed during that period as deeply imbedded hypobiotic larvae comes out during that period.

Etiology

Toxocara canis

Toxocara leonina

Puppies are highly susceptible as compared to adult

Adult parasites are present in S.I

By ingestion of L2/L3 stage.

Transplacental transmission

Transcolostral

Adul tworm

Lay eggs

Passed in stool

Larva moult to L2 stage

L3 stage (infective)

Contamination of feed and water and skin of animals

ingestion

intestine

Egg hatch

Release of L2 and L3 stage

Penetrates wall of mucosa

Enters portal vein

Liver

Heart

General Circulation

G. Circulation

Somatic migration

L3 stage

Liver

Heart

Kidney

Muscle

Bitch is pregnant

42 days of pregnancy

All larvae comes in circulation

placenta

Developing foetus

udder

In colostrum

Intestine of pup

Portal vein and liver of pup

circulation

heart

lung

Rupture of alveoli and capillaries

Mould to L4 stage

bronchiole

bronchi

trachea

mouth

Re-swallowed

stomach

intestine

L5 stage

Adult worm

Pups less than 5 weeks of age above mention cycle occurs

Pups greater than 5 weeks of age somatic migration occurs

For T. leolina similar L/c but no migration of larvae

In Liver milky white spot k/a spotted liver

Mild enteritis

Intestinal obstruction or intestinal perforation

Sudden death in pups

Occasional vomition

Dehydration

Rough hair coat

Pot belly

Pnemonia

Piperazine @ 100-300mg/kg orally

Pyrantel pamoate @ 5mg/kg b.wt at 2-3 weeks of age and repeated at 4, 6, 8 weeks