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The Arizona STEM Acceleration Project

So, How Do You See It?

A Lesson on Scale & Proportion

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How do you see it?

A Lesson on

Scale & Proportion

A 5th grade STEM lesson

Author:

Crystal

Williamson

Copyrights:

Paul Anderson

The Wonder of Science

28 June 2024

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Notes for teachers

Notes

  • This lesson is primarily based off of Paul Anderson’s, “The Wonder of Science” website.
  • The lessons can either be prepared with actual objects with you the teacher instructing or showing the video.
  • Mr. Anderson’s videos are accompanied by Google Slides and Think Sheets where students can record their work.

Getting Started:

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Science Standards

5.MD.C Geometric measurement: Understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition.

5.MD.C.3 Recognize volume as an attribute of solid figures and understand concepts of volume measurement. a. A cube with side length 1 unit, called a “unit cube,” is said to have “one cubic unit” of volume, and can be used to measure volume. b. A solid figure which can be packed without gaps or overlaps using n unit cubes is said to have a volume of n cubic units.

Science and Engineering Practices

  • ask questions and define problems
  • develop and use models
  • plan and carry out investigations
  • analyze and interpret data
  • use mathematical and computational thinking
  • construct explanations and design solutions
  • engage in argument from evidence
  • obtain, evaluate and communicate information

Math Standards

5.NF.A Use equivalent fractions to add and subtract fractions.

5.NF.A.1 Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators (including mixed numbers) by replacing given fractions with equivalent fractions in such a way as to produce an equivalent sum or difference of fractions with like denominators (e.g., 2/3 + 5/4 = 8/12 + 15/12 = 23/12).

5.NF.A.2 Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions referring to the same whole, including cases of unlike denominators by using a variety of representations, equations, and visual models to represent the problem. Use benchmark fractions and number sense of fractions to estimate mentally and assess the reasonableness of answers (e.g. recognize an incorrect

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Read Aloud

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Objectives

  • Students will be able to identify how a system, scale and perspective relate in learning the concept of Scale & Proportion.
  • Students will learn how to develop a hierarchy under scale and perspective.
  • Students will learn how to multiply fractions times whole numbers for scaling.

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Lesson/Agenda

CCC3: Scale, Proportion, and Quantity

Mr. Anderson provides a thorough overview on the CCC 3 from NGSS in the link above.

from NGSS Appendix G - Crosscutting Concepts

Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume.

Crosscutting Concept 3

Upon completion of watching the video links on:

The Wonder of Science.

Additional resources and activities are given in the following slides.

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Terms for Scale and Perspective

Scale, Proportion & Quantity - Lesson 1

  • Relative scales: (e.g., bigger and smaller; hotter and colder; faster and slower) can be used to describe objects. Objects exist from the very small to the immensely large. Observable phenomena exist from very short to very long time periods.
  • Scale - the relative size or extent of something
  • Objects - a material thing that can be seen and touched
  • Phenomena - observable events in the natural world (require explanations)
  • Temperature - the degree of heat present in a substance
  • Size - the relative extent of something
  • Time - an irreversible series of events

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Natural objects exist from the very small to the immensely large. Phenomena that can be observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale. The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.

TERMS

  • Phenomena - observable events in the natural world (require explanations)
    • Time - an irreversible series of events
    • Space - the dimensions in which all things exist and move
  • Perspective - a mental view of something
  • Scale - the relative size or extent of something
  • Significance - being worthy of attention

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Agenda (lesson time)

This could be approached as a one day 30-45 minute lesson using Mr. Anderson’s video on scaling, or could be used as a week long lesson on scale.

Using multiple days to teach scaling of various topics such as time, space, temperature, speed and so on.

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Hands-on Technology Instructions

  1. NetLogo Home Page
  2. Click on:

Go to NetLogo Web

3. In the drop-down menu at the top of the page choose the model you want to simulated.

4. Click on the “Set-Up” button

5. Then click on “Go”

6. The graphs will loop with the real time data as you watch the simulation taking place.

  • After watching one of the models being simulated, to help reinforce the concept of “Systems, Scale & Perspective” take the information from the model and organize it using the model Mr. Anderson demonstrated.
  • Scroll to the bottom of the NetLogo page to explore the other tools.
    • Model Explained- a cheat sheet of sorts explaining what was occuring in the simulation
    • Coding- a great resource for kids who enjoy “Coding Language”.
    • Watching the Tutorial would be the most beneficial way to learn how to get the most out of the Net Logo Web System

Bringing It All Together

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Assessment

Rubric from RSD District 13

This is a fabulous rubric that provides detailed descriptions for aiding in determining if a student is achieving mastery.

Developing and Using Models

The Wonder of Science website provides “Single Point Rubrics” that accompany the lesson. They provide information that can be turned into questions to check for understanding as well as create a summative assessment.

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Differentiation

See the World Differently - Look Twice

This a throwback from the Reader’s Digest. It was a regular feature in their magazines at one point. This is a great way of showing scale from both perspectives- larger to smaller or visa versa.

Remediation

Not Sure What I’m Seeing…

This can either be an individual activity or a game.

  1. Find pictures of landscapes. Old calendars would be a lot of fun to use to show seasons.
  2. Partner students and provide each group with piece of construction paper and a picture with a landscape.
  3. They need to make sure they keep their picture “TOP SECRET!”
  4. Give each group a cube, a domino or lego.
  5. Everyone needs to have the same size shape.
  6. Have them trace the shape on the center of the construction paper.
  7. Have them cut the shape out. Remind them, “Poke a hole with your pencil, large enough for one blade and then start cutting.”
  8. Lay the construction paper on top of the “TOP SECRET” picture. Have the students, look at one another’s pictures. If someone, has a guess, have them whisper it to the group who is in charge of the picture.
  9. Whoever guesses first is the winner.
  10. Make sure guesses are whispered! Otherwise, thinking will STOP with the other students.
  11. Have them use their shape to enlarge the hole. Ask them what the scale is going to be if they enlarge the hole by tracing around the shape twice, adding to the current hole.
  12. Repeat the look and guess.
  13. Discuss the scale once again before tracing the shape.
  14. Ask if anyone’s perspective has changed since the first observation.
  15. Repeat the process until there is a winner.

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Differentiation

Termespheres

Understanding 6 Point Perspective | Termesphere Online Gallery

Definitely a difficult concept, however, some students may enjoy the concept and be up for a challenge. Regardless of the age or skill level, a worthy resource to explore if time allows.