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Comparative Theology, Part 4

Servants Preparation Curriculum

Lecture 35, Servants Preparation Curriculum

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Comparative Theology, Part 4 – John Calvin and The Second Protestant Movement

Objectives:

  1. To learn about the life of John Calvin
  2. To study the churches born after The Reformation
  3. To delve into some of these churches and their core beliefs

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Meditation Verse

“Do not quench the spirit” (1 Thessalonians 5:19)

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“Abstain from every form of evil” (1 Thessalonians 5:22)

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John Calvin�July 10, 1509 - May 27, 1564

  • 19 years after Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis

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John Calvin , Cont.�July 10, 1509 - May 27, 1564

  • Second generation of the Protestant Reformation
  • Born on July 10, 1509, in Picardy, France, John Calvin was a law student at the University of Orléans
  • He denied the authority of Catholic Church
  • His belief included the holiness of The Scriptures/The Bible and Divine Predestination
    • Divine predestination: God chooses the few people (lucky ones) to enter Heaven, regardless of their good works or their faith

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John Calvin , Cont.�July 10, 1509 - May 27, 1564

  • He preached his teaching in Geneva/Switzerland and the government was founded on his belief
  • During the first 5 years, they persecuted non-believers, 58 people died and 76 were exiled
  • He prohibited all types of art except music
  • He sent out pastors to the rest of Europe, creating Presbyterianism in Scotland, the Puritan Movement in England and the Reformed Church in the Netherlands

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Comparative Theology, Part 4 – John Calvin and The Second Protestant Movement

Objectives:

  1. To learn about the life of John Calvin
  2. To study the churches born after The Reformation
  3. To delve into some of these churches and their core beliefs

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Catholic vs Protestant War, 30 years

  • From 1618 to 1648 the Catholic Habsburgs, who ruled Spain, Austria, the Spanish, Netherlands and most of Germany and Italy fought against the Protestant Princes of Germany, supported by Denmark and Sweden for 30 years war
  • Outcome: Spain withdrew and a rise of new powers in France and Sweden

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Churches Born of The Reformation

  • Anglicanism
  • Anabaptism
  • Calvinism
  • Lutheranism
  • Zwinglianism
    • Deny fasting and lent

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Post-Reformation Churches

  • Baptist
  • Pietism
  • Pentecostalism
  • Puritanism

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  • Today there are over 30,000 Protestant denominations

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The Three Most Popular/Common

  1. Lutheran

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  • Methodist

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  • Baptist

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Comparative Theology, Part 4 – John Calvin and The Second Protestant Movement

Objectives:

  1. To learn about the life of John Calvin
  2. To study the churches born after The Reformation
  3. To delve into some of these churches and their core beliefs

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1. Lutheran Beliefs

  • Baptism and Communion are the only two sacraments
    • The same as Martin Luther

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  • Infant Baptism is practiced
  • Communion
    • Closed and Open
    • Some Lutheran Churches practice close communion to strict believers and others offer it to everyone including divorced and adulterous men and women (open communion)

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2. Methodist Beliefs

  • Baptism and Communion are the two recognized sacraments
  • The others are rites, but not sacraments
    • Unction, Matrimony, and Confirmation

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  • Believers are justified by faith alone
    • Faith produces outward and inward holiness

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  • Believes in The Chalcedon Council
    • Two natures of Christ coexist, but are not united
    • Remember pope Dioscorus’ sufferings

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George W. Bush the 43rd President

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January 17, 1995 - December 21, 2000

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3. Baptist Beliefs

  • Baptists today are the 3rd largest Protestant group in the world
  • Originally nicknamed "Anabaptists," which means "re-Baptists," because they Baptize mature church members not children

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  • Baptist churches will NOT accept:
    • Prior Baptisms by any means other than immersion
    • Baptisms are performed as an infant or child too young to make a personal decision
    • Baptisms performed by any other church

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Jimmy Carter the 39nth President

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1977 to 1981

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The Church of England

  • The Role of King Henry VIII

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King Henry VIII

  • Married 6 times to get a son
  • Had 4 boys named Henry 1, 2, 3, and 4 and none of them became king.
  • Had a boy, Edward, and he became king at age 10 but he died at 16
  • His daughter Elizabeth became the queen
  • He executed two of his wives for adultery
  • Was excommunicated by the Roman Pope for multiple marriages

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The Episcopal/Anglican Church

  • It is the Anglican Church which originated from the English Church
  • King Henry VIII rejected the authority of the Catholic Pope and broke with Rome
  • They are numerous in Maryland and Virginia
  • Both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were Anglicans
  • They played an important role in the progressive and liberal movements and politics

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The Episcopal/Anglican Church Cont.

  • It presents itself as a middle passage between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism

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  • Major Differences:
    • Ordination of Women
    • Role for Homosexuals
    • Levels of Liturgy
    • Doctrine & Sacraments

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The Episcopal/Anglican Church Cont.

  • Three main types of worship services:

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  1. High Church Service
    • Full service with communion

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  • Low Church Service
    • Simple praise with worship music

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  • Broad Church Service
    • A mix between high and low services

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The Episcopal/Anglican Church Cont.

  • The two great and necessary sacraments are Holy Baptism and Holy Eucharist

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  • The Others are rites and not sacraments
    • Confirmation, ordination, marriage, confession, and unction

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Comparative Theology, Part 4 – John Calvin and The Second Protestant Movement

Objectives:

  1. To learn about the life of John Calvin
  2. To study the churches born after The Reformation
  3. To delve into some of these churches and their core beliefs

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Memorization Verses

  1. “the things that you have heard from me among many witnesses, commit these to faithful men who will be able to teach others also” (2 Timothy 2:2)

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  • “Do not remove the ancient landmark, Nor enter the fields of the fatherless” (Proverbs 23:10)

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