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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

SEMESTER:- 2nd semester

SUBJECT:-COMPUTER APPLICATION

PREPARED BY :- A.P. Mohanty

Dept. of Science & Humanities

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TOPOLOGIES

  • The physical topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals
  • Star
  • Ring
  • Bus
  • Hybrid
  • Tree
  • Complete

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BUS TOPOLOGY

Each machine is connected to a

single cable.

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Each computer or server is connected

to the single bus cable through some

kind of connector.

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A signal from the source travels in both

directions to all machines connected on

the bus cable until it finds the address

on the network that is the intended

recipient.

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If the machine address does not match

the intended address for the data, the

machine ignores the data.

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Alternatively, if the data does match the machine address, the data is accepted

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Advantages

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Disadvantages

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Cheap and easy to implement

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Network disruption when

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computers are

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added or removed

Require less cable

Single point of failure.

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A break in the cable will prevent all systems from accessing the network.

Does not use any specialized network equipment.

Difficult to troubleshoot.

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STAR TOPOLOGY

  • Each machine is connected to a
  • central hub or switch.

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  • It allows each machine on
  • the network to have a point
  • to point connection to the
  • central hub.

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All of the traffic which

transverses the network passes

through the central hub.

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  • The hub acts as a signal booster
  • or repeater which in turn allows
  • the signal to travel greater
  • distances.

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  • Most widely implemented

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  • Hub is the single point of failure

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Advantages

Disadvantages

Easily expanded without disruption to the network

Requires more cable

Cable failure affects only a single user

A central connecting device allows for a single point of failure

Easy to troubleshoot and isolate problems.

More expensive than bus topologies because of the cost of the hubs

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RING TOPOLOGY

  • Each computer is connected
  • to the network in a closed
  • loop or ring

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  • Each machine or computer has a
  • unique address that is used for
  • identification purposes

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  • The signal passes through each
  • machine or computer connected
  • to the ring in one direction

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  • Ring topologies typically utilize a
  • token passing scheme, used to
  • control access to the network

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  • By utilizing this scheme, only one
  • machine can transmit on the network
  • at a time

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ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Cable faults are easily located, making

troubleshooting easier

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Ring networks are moderately easy to

install

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Expansion to the network can cause

network disruption

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A single break in the cable can disrupt the

entire networ

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TREE TOPOLOGY

  • Tree: A collection of busses connected by a branching cable with no closed loops
    • Allows users to create networks using bridges
    • Message from any site can be received by all other sites, until it reaches an end point
    • End point controller absorbs a message if it reaches end point controller without being accepted by a host
    • Advantage: Message traffic can still flow through the network even if a single node fails

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Figure : Tree Topology

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  • Selects among the strong points of each topology and combines them to meet that system’s communications requirements most effectively

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  • Figure : Hybrid topology combining a star and a ring using a bridge

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Figure : Hybrid topology combining a star and a bus

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FULLY CONNECTED OR COMPLETE(MESH)

  • In A mesh network each

station is connected

directly to every other

station in the network.

  • It is a viable solution only for

smaller networks.

  • The huge cabling cost and

awkwardness of laying so

many direct links make the

mesh topology unattractive

for LAN’s with a large number

of stations.

  • On the other hand since all stations are directly linked to all other stations on exclusive links, this topology allows simultaneous communication between a number of pairs of stations.

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APPLICATION

  • News Groups
  • Internet Telephony (VoIP)
  • Video Conferencing
  • Chat Groups
  • Instant Messengers

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SCOPE OF RESEARCH�

  • Improved Network Connection using betterTopologies

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��� THANK YOU