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Climate Smart Agriculture Practices For Rangeland Management

Prescribed Fire/Pyric Herbivory

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Objectives

  • Define Climate Smart Agriculture Practices
  • Describe Prescribed fire and how it is used
  • Compare and Contrast Prescribed Fire and Pyric Herbivory
  • Analyze how online tools such as, Rangeland Analysis Platform and Fire Effects Information Systems assist wildlife managers in making decisions on the management of their lands.
  • Explain the importance of using Climate Smart Practices for the future

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What are Climate Smart Practices

Agricultural methods that promote the management and stewardship of large tracts of land with significant environmental value and habitat preservation and restoration.

These methods aid in preventing rangeland ecosystems from being lost or degraded.

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So, what is Prescribed Fire?

  • Prescribed fire is a planned and controlled fire used to restore the health of forest, rangeland or grassland ecosystem.
  • Prescribed fire has a burn plan that specifies the optimal wind, humidity, and temperature for a safe burn.

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What is the benefits of using prescribed Fire?

  1. Reducing plant material density - this includes trees, shrubs and brush
  2. Improves wildlife habitat - It removes accumulated fuels, recycles nutrients and stimulates new growth
  3. Increases biodiversity - encourages native vegetation growth
  4. Lessens the severity of wildfires - reducing fuel like leaf litter and old vegetation.

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Types of prescribed burns

Pile burning- this is the burning of a cut and piled material for the purpose of thinning the area.

Broadcast Prescribed fire - this is the process of burning an area mapped out for the purpose of land management

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Types of prescribed burns

Jackpot burning- Igniting small, concentrated areas within a larger landscape to create strategic breaks in vegetation that can help control the spread of wildfires.

Swamper burning - Burning in the wetlands to reduce an overabundance of plant growth, Create better habitat conditions and cut down the build up of vegetative fuel

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Types of Prescribed Burns

Underburning: a low-intensity fire that targets the lower vegetation layers of a forest or grassland ecosystem. The goal of this type of fire is to consume accumulated debris, shrubs, and smaller plants, while sparing larger trees.

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How does a prescribed burn work

BEFORE THE BURN:

  1. Plan, plan and more planning.
    1. Determine objectives Why, When, and How
    2. Safety
  2. Site preparation
    • Look for potential problems
    • Decide the scope of the plot to be burned
    • Create firebreaks using natural barriers and/or clearing of some type to expose bare ground
  3. Assess the weather conditions
    • Wind speed and direction, humidity, temperature and any severe weather threats

DURING THE BURN:

  1. Ignition of the fire
    1. Drip torches or other ignition devices
    2. Start small fire to watch and determine how it will spread.
  2. Manage the burn
    • Backfire- Burning against the wind
    • Flank fire - Sideline fire burn from firebreaks at right angles to the wind
    • Headfire - started after the fire is big enough with the wind
  3. Monitor fire behavior, smoke dispersal and weather conditions and adjust as needed until the fire is complete.

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SAFETY CONCERNS

The Burn plan must prioritize the protection of people, property, environment, animals and habitats.

  1. Monitoring is key for safety.
  2. Having safety equipment at the ready.
    1. Fire trucks
    2. Water sprayers
    3. Racks
    4. Cell phones/ Walkie talkies
  3. Proper finishing of the fire when it is complete. This is called “mopping up”.
    • Extinguish any lingering flames
    • Cut down any trees asneeded
    • Drench everything with water!

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After the fire

  1. Determine if the objectives of the fire was met.
  2. Discuss any mishaps that occurred and how to avoid them in the future.
  3. Possibly do a survey in the surrounding community to determine if notification and carry out of the fire was successful.

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What is Pyric Herbivory?

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It is the interaction between fire and grazing in ecosystems, where fire promotes or drives grazing activity particularly in grasslands.

It can also be called patch burn grazing

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What are the benefits of Pyric Herbivory?

  1. Increase Biodiversity
  2. Maintain animal stocking rates
  3. Higher Quality Forage
  4. Maintain system Sustainability
  5. Creating diversity in livestock forage resources, plant species, and wildlife habitat

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Examples of the benefits of Pyric Herbivory

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How does Pyric Herbivory Work?

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Description of how Patch Burning Works

Using prescribed fire of a section of managed land to create purposeful grazing of that land and then burning another section to move the grazing pressure,

Patch burning allows livestock to freely select the most recently burned part of the land or pasture.

Within 6 to 12 months, managers will burn another portion of the land to move the livestock to graze within new burn patch.

After the heavy utilization (1.5 to 2.5 years post burn) a transition state of bare ground, forbs, and low amounts of standing biomass and litter occurs.

Within 2.5 to 3 years post burn the patch receives very little grazing pressure, which allows biomass and litter to accumulate. This patch is then ready to be burned and grazed again. This is all accomplished without fences or other management input besides the use of prescribed fire.

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Examples of how this rotational system works

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How does this apply to Land Management in Texas?

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Patch burning Versus Prescribed burns

Similarities

  1. Controlled use of Fire
  2. Both used as a Land Management tool
  3. Planning and Executing the burn are the same process for both
  4. After the burn, the post burn management is the same.

Differences

  1. Fire Frequency
  2. Livestock Grazing involvement
  3. Objectives for the use of the management tool
  4. Scale and Complexity

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Online tools that help Land Managers make decisions

Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP)

The Rangeland Analysis Platform is an innovative online tool that quickly visualizes and analyzes vegetation data for the United States. A land manager can examine trends at pasture, ranch, watershed, or broader scales.

Includes :

Continuous vegetation cover

Annual aboveground biomass

16 day aboveground biomass

Production Explorer

This application compares current year production to past years, quantifies the amount above or below a long-term average, and provides an interactive estimate of the stocking rate.

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Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)

Online collection of reviews of the scientific literature about fire effects on plants and animals and about fire regimes of plant communities in the United States

Includes

Species Review

Fire Studies

Fire System Regimes

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Why are Climate Smart Practices important for the Future?

Using climate-smart practices is crucial for a sustainable future because it mitigates the impacts of climate change, protecting human health, ecosystems, and the environment.

  1. Protecting Human Health
  2. Preserving our Ecosystems and the Diversity of Plants and Animals
  3. Ensuring Food Supply stability
  4. Reducing chances and Impacts of Natural Disasters

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