15

Chapter

Windows and Exterior Doors

Objectives

• Discuss standards for window and door fabrication.
• Identify the various types of windows.
• Explain how energy efficient windows affect heat resistance.
• Interpret a window schedule.
• Explain how window frames are adjusted for wall thickness.

Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Objectives (Cont.)

• Summarize procedures for installing a standard window.
• Describe procedures for installing a replacement window.
• Describe the procedure for installing a bow or box bay window unit.
• Calculate rough openings.

Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Objectives (Cont.)

• Prepare a rough opening for installation of a door frame.
• Describe the procedure for sliding glass door installation.
• Explain the correct construction of garage door frames.
• Select appropriate garage door hardware.

​

Wayne-Dalton Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Windows and Doors

• Important parts of structures
• Carpenters should know about materials and be expert in installation
• Close fit ensures air infiltration is kept to minimum

Simpson Door Company

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Materials

• Windows are made from wood, aluminum, steel, or vinyl
• Wood must be treated with preservatives
• Metal is stronger than wood
• Aluminum has film of oxide that eliminates need for paint

​

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Manufacturing Standards

• Have been established by
• Window & Door Manufacturers Association
• American Architectural Manufacturers Association
• Canadian Standards Association
• International Building Code and International Residential Code also include requirements

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Parts of Windows

• Sash
• Bottom rail
• Jamb
• Heal
• Sill
• Drip cap
• Mullion
• Muntin

​

Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Standard Muntin Patterns

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Types of Windows

• Grouped under three basic types
• Sliding
• Swinging
• Fixed
• Double-hung window has two sashes that slide up and down past each other

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Horizontal Sliding Windows

• Have two or more sashes
• At least one can horizontally move within window frame
• Common design has two movable sashes

Marvin Windows and Doors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Casement Windows

• Sash is hinged on side and swings outward
• Sashes are operated by crank or push bar on frame
• Screen and storm sashes are attached to inside

Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Awning Windows

• Have one or more sashes hinged at top
• Sashes swing out at bottom
• Are often combined with fixed units
• May be installed side by side to form “ribbon” effect at top of wall

Marvin Windows and Doors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Hopper Windows

• Have sash that is hinged along bottom and swings inward
• Operated by locking handle located in top rail
• Easy to wash and maintain
• Their operation may interfere with drapes or curtains

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Jalousie Windows

• Series of horizontal glass slats
• Held and controlled at each end by movable metal frame
• Metal frames attached to each other by levers
• Slats tilt together in manner similar to mini or venetian blinds

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Fixed Windows

• Can be used in combination with any other units
• Provide daylight and outdoor views
• Have glass set in fixed sash and mounted in frame
• Can be used to form window walls

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Window Heights

• Avoid placing horizontal framework at eye level
• Standard height from bottom of window head to finished floor is 6′–8″
• Designs may need to be adjusted for people with disabilities

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Energy Efficiency of Windows

• U-factor is measure of rate at which window conducts heat energy
• Adding second pane of glass with 1/2″ air space in between reduces �U-factor
• Storm sashes and storm panels improve U-factor

Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Double- and Triple-Sealed Glazing

• Double or triple layers of plate glass are used in large fixed units
• Space between panes may be filled with dehydrated air or argon
• Lowers heat loss and decreases fogging of windows

Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Thinking Green

• Windows and glass doors can leak heat in winter
• High-efficiency, triple-glazed windows in cold climates can reduce heat loss by 15%–30%
• Double-glazed windows will meet weather needs and code specifications in warmer, more moderate areas

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Low-Emissivity Glazing

• Emissivity is relative ability of material to transmit or absorb and re-radiate heat
• Low-e windows have clear outer pane, air space, and special coating
• Coating reflects infrared (heat wave) radiation, but allows regular light waves to pass through

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Screens

• Open windows require screens to keep out insects
• Screen mesh is fiberglass or aluminum
• Mesh should have minimum of 252 openings per square inch
• Most screens have light metal frame

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Windows in Drawings

• Plans and working drawings show type and location of windows
• Elevations show type of window, may include glass size and heights
• Supporting mullions are also indicated

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Floor Plan with Windows

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Window Sizes

• Window sizes may include
• Glass size
• Sash size
• Rough frame opening
• Mason or unit opening
• Architectural drawings provide details in window and door schedule

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Detail Drawings

• Section drawings show each part of window
• They also show how units are placed into wall structure
• May be found in architectural drawings or manufacturer’s catalogs

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Jamb Extensions

• Applied to window frames for added thickness
• Manufacturers build frames to basic size and equip unit with extension
• Carpenter may build jamb extensions up to several inches wide

​

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Installing Windows

• Most window units are installed from outside of structure
• One person should help with leveling while other worker holds window in place
• Most window units come with all hardware in place

Marvin Windows and Doors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Installing Fixed Units

• Medium-sized fixed glass panels are usually mounted in sash and frame
• Installation is essentially same as for regular windows
• Glazing is setting glass in opening using glazing sealant

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Glass Blocks

• Made of two formed pieces of glass fused together to leave insulating air space
• Come in different patterns and sizes
• Have good insulating properties

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Installing Small Glass Block Panels

• Panel height should not exceed 7′ and width should not exceed 5′
• Panels may be supported by mortar key at jambs in masonry construction
• Use wood members in frame construction

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Installing Large Glass Block Panels

• Install expansion strips to partially fill expansion spaces at jambs and heads
• Provide support at jambs with wall anchors
• Anchors should be crimped within expansion spaces and spaced on 24″ centers
• Wall ties should be installed on 24″ centers in horizontal mortar joints

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Replacing Windows

• Remove old windows
• Install wood furring to bring rough opening to correct size
• Place new window unit in rough opening
• Install inside and outside window trim

Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Skylights

• Provide natural light and privacy
• Light tube skylight directs light to areas not directly beneath dome
• In frame construction, shaft connects ceiling opening with roof

Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Bow and Bay Windows

• Come assembled and ready for installation
• Require extra support to prevent sagging
• Cable supports are often used
• Heavier units must also have extra support at base

Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Exterior Doors and Frames

• Made from wood, metal, and fiberglass
• Flush doors have flat face applied to sides of light framework
• Panel doors have stiles and rails that hold panels
• Main entrances may have decorative features

​

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Door Frames

• Have heads, jambs, and sills
• Made at millwork plant and come prehung or disassembled
• Stock frames can be adapted to stone or brick veneer construction

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Doorsills

• Made of wood, metal, stone, or concrete
• Setting doorsill may require cutting away section of rough floor
• Size of rough opening is usually included in door and window schedule

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Determining Hand of Door

• Swing-type doors are either left-hand or right-hand swing
• Face door from room it opens into
• Side lockset is on as you are facing door determines hand of door

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Sliding Glass Doors

• Doors ride on nylon or stainless steel rollers
• Installation details are similar to those for sliding windows
• Manufacturers provide detailed instructions for installing particular products

​

Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Pro Tip

• On large glass units, place large X on glass while building remains under construction
• This alerts workers not to walk into glass or damage it with tools and materials
• Use masking tape or washable paint to apply X

​

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Garage Doors

• Three types
• Hinged or swinging
• Swing-up
• Overhead
• Made from wood, steel, aluminum, and fiberglass

Steve Olewinski

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Garage Door Frames

• Include side jambs and head similar to exterior entry doors
• Track and hardware mounted to heavy inside frame
• Adequate clearance must be left between top of door and ceiling

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Hardware and Counterbalances

• Track, hinges, and bolts should be made of galvanized steel
• Counterbalancing devices are used
• Extension spring
• Torsion spring
• Many garage doors have electric-powered door openers

Wayne-Dalton Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Safety Note

• Counterbalancing torsion springs are under high tension
• They can cause injury and damage if suddenly released
• Special tools must be used to adjust torsion springs
• Such work should be done only by properly trained technicians

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.