WELCOME

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Presentation By:

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HARI P. M.

+91 9447 175906

haripulikiyil@gmail.com

CONTENT

• Panel method

Characteristics

Types of panels

Advantages

Disadvantages

• Mail survey

Definition

Procedure

Alternative modes of sending questionnaires

Improving the response rate in a mail survey

Advantages

Disadvantages

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• Sociometry
• Projective techniques

Types of projective techniques

Verbal projective techniques

Visual projective techniques

Expressive techniques

• Conclusion
• Reference

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Panel method

Panel method is a method of data collection in which data is collected from the same sample respondents at intervals either by mail or personal interview.

Characteristics

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• Successive collection of data on the same items from the same persons over a period of time.

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• The types of information to be collected should be such facts that can be accurately and completely furnished by the respondent without any reservations.

• The number of items should be as few as possible

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• It requires carefully selected and well trained workers.

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Types of panels

• Static panel/ continuous panel
• Dynamic panel

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Static or continuous panel

• Static panel is one where the membership remains the same through out the life of the panel.

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• It is appropriate when the purpose is to study changes in a given group of persons over a period of time.

Dynamic panel

• Dynamic panel is one in which the drop outs of members are replaced by new members.

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• So the dynamic model remains to be most useful when it is important to keep the panel to be representative of the population at all times.

Advantages

• The happenings can be known soon after their occurrence.
• This method is useful for before and after designs
• This method offers a good way of studying trends or events, behaviour or attributes

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• It facilitates depth interviewing.

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Disadvantages

• This method is very expensive.

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• It is often difficult to set up a representative panel and to keep it representative.

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• The repeated interviews may sensitize the panel members and they become untypical.

• The quantity of reporting may trend to decline due to decreasing interest after a panel has been in operation for some time.

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Mail survey

• This method involves sending questionnaire to the respondents with a request to complete them and return them by post.
• This can be used in the case of educated respondents only.
• It contain closed end and multiple choice questions.

Alternative modes of sending questionnaire

• Personal delivery
• Attaching questionnaire to a product
• Advertising questionnaire in a newspaper or magazine

Improving the response rate in a mail survey

• Quality printing
• Covering letter
• Advance information
• Incentives
• Follow up contacts

Advantages

• There is low cost even when the field of enquiry is very large.
• They can cover extensive geographical areas.
• The respondents can complete the questionnaire at their conveniences.
• Respondents can be easily approached, since the contact is made through post.

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• This method saves time because many respondents can be approached simultaneously.

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• The questionnaire method is useful for collecting information about a particular type of problem since in the questionnaire various points can be included.

• Respondents get enough time to furnish thought out ideas.

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• Mail surveys are totally free from the interviewers bias, as there is no personal contact between the respondents and the investigator.

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Disadvantages

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• Most of the respondents are lazy and so they do not care to answer and return the questionnaire.
• The method will be successful only if the respondents are educated and cooperative.
• The respondents may take much time to return the questionnaires.

• Respondents may not cooperative if the mail questionnaire is long or complex.
• The scope of mail survey is very limited in a country like India where the rate of literacy is very low.
• The response rate of mail survey is low. Hence the resulting sample will not be a representative one.

• The causes for inadequate and non-responses cannot be known.
• The respondent’s answers may not be adequate. The replies will be ambiguous and there may be many omissions of replies.
• Several returned questionnaire may contain unanswered questions and incomplete responses.

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sociometry

It is a method for discovering, describing and evaluating social status, structure and development through measuring the extent of acceptance or rejection between individuals in groups.

Definition

Franz defines sociometry as “a method used for the discovery and manipulation of social configurations by measuring the attractions and repulsions between individuals in a group”

Projective techniques

• Projective techniques involve presentation of ambiguous stimuli to the respondents for interpretation. In doing so the respondents reveal their inner characteristics.

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• The stimuli may be a picture, a photograph, an ink blot or a incomplete sentence.

Types of projective techniques

• Verbal projective techniques
• Visual (pictorial) projective techniques
• Expressive techniques

Verbal projective techniques

• Word association tests
• Sentence completion tests
• Story completion test
• Fantasy
• Ambiguous stimuli

Visual (pictorial) projective techniques

• Thematic appreciation test
• Rosenzweigh test
• Torm Kins Horn Picture test.

Expressive techniques

• Play technique
• Finger painting
• Role playing

Reference

• Research Methodology :methods and techniques.

CR Kothari- viswaprakashan 2003

• Research Methodology in social sciences

Devemdra Thakur- Deep&Deep publications pvt.Ltd 2005 NewDelhi

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• Research Methodology � LR Potty – Yamuna publications TVM
• Research Methodology � Krishna Swami
• Business Statistics

K G C Nair

Thank You