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IGCSE Chemistry

Intervention Booklet

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Name ____________________________________

The Knowledge

Notes

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Solids, Liquids & Gases

5

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Solutions & Solubility Basics

7

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Solubility Calculations, Graphs & Experiments

9

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Element, Compound or Mixture

11

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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12

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Pure Substance vs Mixture

Separation Techniques

13

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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15

Paper Chromatography

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Atoms: Definitions & Structure

19

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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20

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Periodic Table: Basics

21

Electron Configurations

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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23

Metals vs Non-Metals

Group Number, Noble Gases & Chemical Properties

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Word & Chemical Equations

25

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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26

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Rel. Formula Mass (RFM) & Rel. Molecular Mass (Mr)

27

Moles, Mass & RFM

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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28

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Reacting Masses

29

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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30

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Percentage Yield

31

Experiment: Finding Formulae of Compounds

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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32

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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33

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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34

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Empirical & Molecular Formulae

35

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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36

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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37

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Liquids/Solutions: Moles, Volume & Conc.

38

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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39

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Gases: Moles & Volume

40

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Formation of Ions

41

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Common Ions

42

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Formulae for Ionic Compounds

43

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Ionic Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams

44

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Ionic Compounds: Bonds, Structure & Properties

45

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Formation of Covalent Bonds

47

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams

48

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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49

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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50

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Simple Molecular Structures

51

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Giant Covalent Structures

52

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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53

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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54

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Metallic Bonding

55

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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56

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Electrical Conductivity

57

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Anions vs Cations

Electrolysis

58

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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59

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Half-Equations

60

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Experiment: Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

61

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Group 1: Reactivity & Trends

62

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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63

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Group 1: Reactivity & Electronic Configuration

64

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Group 7: Physical States & Properties

65

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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66

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Group 7: Reactivity

67

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Composition of Air

Experiment: Finding the % of Oxygen in Air

68

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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69

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Combustion

Decomposition of Metal Carbonates

70

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Greenhouse Effect

71

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Metal Reactivity: Reaction Water & Acids

72

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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73

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Metal Reactivity: Displacement Reactions

74

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Metal Reactivity: Order of Reactivity

75

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Iron & Rusting

76

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Oxidation & Reduction

77

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Experiment: Metal Reactivity with Acids

78

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Source of Metals

79

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Methods of Metal Extraction

80

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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81

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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82

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Uses of Metals

83

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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84

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Alloys

85

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Tests for Acids & Alkalis

86

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Definitions: Acids & Alkalis

87

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Neutralisation Reactions: Basics

Titrations

88

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Solubility Rules

89

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Neutralisation: Proton Transfer

90

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Neutralisation: Acids, Bases, Metals, Carbonates & Salts

91

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Alkalis vs Bases

92

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Experiment: Preparation of Soluble Salts (Insoluble Reactants)

Experiment: Preparation of Soluble Salts (Acid + Alkali)

93

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Experiment: Preparation of an Insoluble Salt

94

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Experiment: Preparation of Copper Sulfate from Copper Oxide

Experiment: Preparation of Lead Sulfate

95

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Tests for Common Gases

96

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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97

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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98

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Flame Tests

99

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Tests for Cations

100

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Tests for Anions

6

101

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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102

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Tests for Water

6

103

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Definitions: Exothermic vs Endothermic

104

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Experiments: Calorimetry

6

105

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Calculations: Heat Energy

106

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Calculations: Molar Enthalpy

6

107

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Energy Level Diagrams

Bond Energies: Exothermic vs Endothermic Reactions

108

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Calculating Enthalpy Change from Bond Energies

6

109

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Experiment: Temperature Changes for Reactions

7

110

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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6

111

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Surface Area, Catalysts, Concentration & Temperature

7

112

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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6

113

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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7

114

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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6

115

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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7

116

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Catalysts

6

117

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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7

118

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Activation Energy

Experiment: Effect of Changing the Surface Area

6

119

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Experiment: Effect of Catalyst on the Rate of Reaction

7

120

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Reversible Reactions: Basics

Reversible Reactions: Experiments

6

121

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Dynamic Equilibrium

7

122

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Catalysts & Dynamic Equilibrium

6

123

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Le Chatelier’s Principle

7

124

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Organic Compounds: Hydrocarbons

6

125

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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7

126

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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6

127

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Organic Compounds: Naming & Formulae

7

128

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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6

129

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Crude Oil: Basics

7

130

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Fractional Distillation: Basics

6

131

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fractional Distillation: Trends

7

132

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Combustion & Incomplete Combustion

6

133

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Acid Rain: Nitrogen Oxides & Sulphur Dioxide

7

134

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6

135

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Cracking

7

136

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6

137

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Alkanes: Basics

Alkanes: Structures

7

138

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Alkanes: Reaction with Halogens

6

139

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Alkenes: Basics

7

140

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Alkenes: Structure

6

141

Shrink (fold over when growing)

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Alkenes: Reaction with Bromine

7

142

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Alcohols: Basics

Alcohols: Structure

6

143

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Alcohols: Oxidation Reactions of Ethanol

7

144

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Alcohols: Manufacture of Ethanol

6

145

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Carboxylic Acids: Basics

7

146

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Carboxylic Acids: Structure

Carboxylic Acids: Reactions with Metals & Metal Carbonates

6

147

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Carboxylic Acids: Vinegar/Ethanoic Acid

7

148

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Esters: Basics

Esters: Formation & Structure of Ethyl Ethanoate

6

149

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Esters: Structure & Naming

7

150

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Esters: Properties

6

151

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Experiment: Preparation of Ethyl Ethanoate

Addition Polymers: Basics

7

152

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Addition Polymers: Drawing Repeat Unit

6

153

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Addition Polymers: Monomers & Repeat Units

7

154

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Addition Polymers: Effects on the Environment

6

155

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Condensation Polymers

7

156

Shrink (fold over when growing)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Biopolyesters

6

157