4 of 102

Background:

Health data are growing rapidly, and the processing of such data is evolving. Research on data governance in older persons’ health care is unexplored, providing little guidance for practice and future studies.

Objective:

This scoping review aimed to synthesize available information on data governance in the context of older persons’ health based on evidence from literature.

Methods:

The study followed the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). Online databases, namely, PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, ACM, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar were searched by 2 independent reviewers (AG and AMB) for studies on older persons’ health data governance published from January 2000 to April 2024. The independent reviewers performed the search, screening, data extraction, and review of full-text papers. A third reviewer (YP) made the final decision for unresolved discrepancies between the first 2 reviewers. The framework by the World Health Organization Pan American Health Organization, a high-level framework for planning and implementing data governance in public health, was used in the data extraction and analysis. Descriptive statistics were used, and a descriptive approach was used to summarize the results of the scoping review.

Results:

A total of 9840 titles were identified and 57 papers were included. Of these, 35 (61.4%) focused on technology, 19 (33.3%) on processes, and 3 (5.3%) on people. Data controller, processor, researchers, data subject or patient (including family or relatives), and relevant organizations were involved in older persons’ data governance. Data governance frameworks were designed and implemented by reviewing the current evidence, involving the stakeholders throughout the process, implementing specific procedures (eg, collection and aggregating health data), and monitoring and evaluating them.

Conclusions:

The review underscores the importance of the involvement of relevant stakeholders and the use of various innovative tools and approaches in governing data related to the health of older persons. Meanwhile, research specifically addressing data governance for older persons’ health conditions is limited. To enhance health outcomes for older persons, effective data governance is essential, alongside further research on relevant policies and practices.

Keywords: older persons; health; data governance; scoping review; medical records

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Exploring Literature on Data Governance in the Health Care of Older Persons: Scoping Review

Garcia, A., Balingbing, A.M., Palad, Y.

To cite this article: �Garcia, A., Balingbing, A.M., Palad, Y. (2025) Exploring Literature on Data Governance in the Health Care of Older Persons: Scoping Review, JMIR Aging 2025;8:e73625

doi: 10.2196/73625. PMID: 40577642

5 of 102

Background:

Objective:

This scoping review aimed to synthesize available information on data governance in the context of older persons’ health based on evidence from literature.

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

Keywords: older persons; health; data governance; scoping review; medical records

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Exploring Literature on Data Governance in the Health Care of Older Persons: Scoping Review

Garcia, A., Balingbing, A.M., Palad, Y.

To cite this article: �Garcia, A., Balingbing, A.M., Palad, Y. (2025) Exploring Literature on Data Governance in the Health Care of Older Persons: Scoping Review, JMIR Aging 2025;8:e73625

doi: 10.2196/73625. PMID: 40577642

6 of 102

Introduction:

Disasters cause serious disruptions to the everyday functioning of communities and people with this communities (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, n.d.; World Federation of Occupational Therapist, 2022). Disasters are caused by natural, man-made or technological hazards that may result in the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazards may be natura, huma-induced/technological or biological (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent, n.d.; United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2007). Some examples of each type of hazard are provided in Table 47.1.

Hazards are ubiquitous, and several of them may be present at any given point in time in a community, area or region. The probability of hazards resulting in disasters is determined by the interaction between a community’s exposure, vulnerability and capacity to adapt to or resist existing or potential hazards. This probability is known as disaster risk (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, n.d.).

Disaster risk is increased by a community’s exposure to hazards over longer periods of time. This risk is compounded by the community’s vulnerability or susceptibility to the adverse effects of hazards. The vulnerability of communities is determined by certain physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes. Some examples of factors that increase the vulnerability of certain communities include lack of access to health and social care, poverty and residence in hazardous geographic locations. Some examples of vulnerable people within communities include women, children, persons with disabilities those with existing disorders or diseases (e.g. non-communicable diseases), displaced persons, economic, cultural or ethnic minorities and Indigenous peoples (UNited Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 2007; World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 2022).

In recent years, disasters have resulted in increasing damage to infrastructure, injuries, loss of lives and economic loss for people, communities and populations globally (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2023a). Disasters have also become more complex and multi-layered, with multiple disasters simultaneously affecting parts or even the entire world (Duque et al., 2012; International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2023b). This is best illustrated by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that have been amplified by local and regional disasters such as flooding (e.g. in the USA; Davies, 2023), armed conflict (e.g. war in Ukraine) or tsunami (e.g. Tonga: British Broadcasting Corporation, 2023). Factors such as climate change, environmental degradation, unplanned ubanisation, poorly developed social and healthcare systems, geographical tensions and conflicts and global epidemics and pandemics increase the probability of disasters becoming more frequent and their impact longer lasting and of greater magnitude (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015).

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Disaster preparedness and risk reduction

Duque, R. L., & Ching, P.

To cite this article: �Duque, R. L., & Ching, P. (2025). Disaster preparedness and risk reduction. In M. Curtin, M. Egan, Y. Prior, T. Parnell, R. Galvaan, K. Sauve-Schenk, & D. Cezar Da Cruz (Eds.), Occupational Therapy for People Experiencing Illness, Injury or Impairment (Edition 8, pp. 738-745). Elsevier Limited.

7 of 102

Purpose:

Student-faculty interactions significantly impact academic experiences and mental health in health professions education. Understanding how these interactions are defined, their contexts, and impact on mental health is essential for developing educational interventions and strategies to enhance student-faculty interactions and support student mental health. This scoping review aims to explore: (1) how student-faculty interactions are defined within health professions education, (2) the contexts of these interactions, (3) their impact on students' mental health, and (4) the programs or interventions related to student-faculty interactions offered by universities to support student mental health.

Methods:

A search was conducted across databases including EBSCO, PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, ProQuest, and Scopus. The review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework’s five stages: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting the data, and collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Frequency and qualitative analyses were performed to synthesize the data.

Results:

The review identified four key themes from 21 studies: (1) characteristics of student-faculty interactions, highlighting the role of mentorship, communication, and feedback; (2) contexts of faculty engagement, including clinical, didactic, and online learning environments; (3) influence on mental health, where supportive interactions were linked to reduced stress and burnout, while negative interactions contributed to anxiety and disengagement; and (4) interventions supporting positive interactions, emphasizing structured mentorship programs and faculty training. The review also identified gaps in validated measurement tools and the application of theoretical frameworks to understand these interactions.

Conclusion:

Findings underscore the importance of student-faculty interactions in promoting positive learning environments and supporting student mental health. While mentorship and structured faculty training may enhance student experiences, further research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness through longitudinal studies. Addressing gaps in validated assessment tools and theoretical models can improve our understanding of student-faculty interactions and inform future faculty development initiatives in health professions education.

Keywords: Studentefaculty interactions, Mental health, Health professions education, Scoping review

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

A Scoping Review of Student-Faculty Interactions and Their Impact on Health Professions Students' Mental Health

Bulan, P. M. P., Cabatan, M. C.C., & Espiritu, E. W.

To cite this article: �Bulan, P. M. P., Cabatan, M. C.C., & Espiritu, E. W. (2025). A Scoping Review of Student-Faculty Interactions and Their Impact on Health Professions Students' Mental Health. Health Professions Education, 11(2). Article 14. https://hpe.researchcommons.org/journal/vol11/iss2/14

8 of 102

Background

Adult functional literacy ensures adequate and safe engagement in daily activities. It is assessed through the Inventory of Reading Occupations-Adult (IRO-A). The instrument underwent translation with cultural adaptation and content validation to ensure relevance to the Filipino context.

Method

The translation and cultural adaptation of the IRO-A to Filipino (Fil IRO-A) was guided by the process proposed by two international guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations that involves (a) forward translation and synthesis, (b) back translation, and (c) pre-panel review of the adaptation to the Filipino context. The Fil IRO-A also underwent content validation by seven experts. Item and scale content validity indices (I-CVI/S-CVI) were calculated. Qualitative feedback was summarized.

Results

Eighteen out of the 22 items were further revised after the initial translation to consider the original construct, appropriateness to the Filipino culture, and comprehensibility to the target audience. Content experts rated 15 items (68%) as acceptable to highly relevant and seven items (32%) as less relevant. The probability of chance agreement for most of the items is small (.008 – 0.164). Nineteen of the 22 items were good to excellent using the kappa values. No items were discarded. Nine were retained while 13 were further revised.

Conclusion

Experts agree that the Filipino IRO-A is valid for assessing the functional literacy of Filipino adults. Further validation study is needed to assess its use in determining reading participation.

Keywords: cultural adaptation, literacy, reading participation, psychometrics, translation

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Cross-cultural adaptation of the inventory of reading occupations-adult into Filipino and its content validation

Ching, P. E., Santos, T. H., Grajo, L., Cabatan, M. C. C., & Tan Pascual, A. Y.

To cite this article: �Ching, P. E., Santos, T. H., Grajo, L., Cabatan, M. C.C., & Tan Pascual, A. Y. (2024). Cross-cultural adaptation of the inventory of reading occupations-adult into Filipino and its content validation. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 12(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.2147

9 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Thriving in remote learning: Promoting self-regulated learning of students in an online learning context

Aguhob, P. A., Roderos, K. F., Cheoc, D., Dee, V., Cabatan, M. C. C., & Ching, P. E.

To cite this article: �Aguhob, P. A., Roderos, K. F., Cheoc, D., Dee, V., Cabatan, M. C. C., & Ching, P. E. (2023). Thriving in remote learning: Promoting self-regulated learning of students in an online learning context. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, Vol 27(3). https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/670/352

The shift to remote learning during the pandemic highlighted the importance of self-regulated learning (SRL). Education scholars posit that SRL promotes positive remote learning experiences in various student populations. Students cannot be expected to be self-regulated learners in a remote setup by exposing themselves to online courses alone. Thus, the Department of Occupational Therapy of the University of the Philippines Manila College of Allied Medical Professions created a webinar based on the constructs of SRL to aid students in transitioning to this setup. The webinar was organized for students to understand the concept of SRL and to identify SRL strategies they can use. Faculty shared practical tips, personal experiences, and contextualized examples on how students can use these strategies to thrive in the remote setup. Given the positive feedback, there is value found in similar activities to utilizing SRL dimensions to prepare students for remote learning. Recommendations for future studies about SRL are stated.

Keywords: Self-regulated learning; self-regulation; online learning; remote learning

10 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Profiling occupational therapists’ preference for an international master’s program in occupational therapy:

A needs analysis study

Sy, M. P., Pineda, R. C., Cabatan, M. C. C., Ching, P. E., Kaunnil, A., & Saloko, E.

To cite this article: �Sy, M. P., Pineda, R. C., Cabatan, M. C. C., Ching, P. E., Kaunnil, A., & Saloko, E. (2023). Profiling occupational therapists’ preference for an international master’s program in occupational therapy: A needs analysis study. Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 56(2), 123-132. https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bulletinAMS/article/view/260602

Background

To advance occupational therapy knowledge and practice in Southeast Asia, it is pivotal that quality master’s degree programs in occupational therapy are in place. Such a program must respond to the needs of the region in terms of occupational therapy education, practice, and scholarship. By recognizing the diversity of the occupational therapy education and training in the region, it has become possible to consider alternatives in establishing a graduate program in occupational therapy through partnerships and consortia. In order to make an informed decision to decide whether co-creating a master’s program in occupational therapy through an international consortium within the region is possible or not, a needs assessment is warranted.

Objectives

To describe the profile of occupational therapists living and working in the Southeast Asian region who would like to pursue a master’s degree in occupational therapy via an international consortium.

Materials and methods

An online survey design was used to produce data that would be used to inform the co-creation of an international master’s program in occupational therapy. The survey questionnaire was designed specifically for this study and included three sections: 1) information and consent form; 2) demographic information; and 3) information about the need for and preferences on a master’s program in occupational therapy. Participants were recruited through professional organizations and various social media platforms of national and international occupational therapy groups.

Results

Eighty-five final-year occupational therapy students and 143 occupational therapists from the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and other countries completed the survey. Majority (62%) of the respondents was interested in pursuing a master’s degree in occupational therapy because they perceived that an advanced degree can enable specialization in practice, promote personal and professional development, and help generate new knowledge for the field. The characteristics of the envisaged international master’s program must be: 1) completed ideally in 1.5 to 2 years, 2) taken by part-time students who are also working practicing, 3) delivered via a hybrid arrangement (i.e., online and face-to-face) with a fixed weekly schedule, and 4) matriculated for USD 1,000 per semester.

Conclusion

While this cross-sectional survey cannot encapsulate the totality of occupational therapists’ needs in terms of their professional development, the survey provided an empirical basis to inform decisions in the creation of a master’s program in occupational therapy jointly offered by an international consortium of Southeast Asian universities.

Keywords: Consortium international higher education occupational therapy ASEAN needs analysis

11 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Shedding light on hidden Filipino occupations as portrayed by mass media and scholarly resources:

A critical interpretive synthesis

Sy, M. P., Carrasco, R., Peralta-Catipon, T., Patrick Yao, D. P., Dee, V. & Ching, P. E.

To cite this article: �Sy, M. P., Carrasco, R., Peralta-Catipon, T., Patrick Yao, D. P., Dee, V. & Ching, P. E. (2023). Shedding light on hidden Filipino occupations as portrayed by mass media and scholarly resources: A critical interpretive synthesis. Journal of Occupational Science, 31(2), 234–250 https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2023.2182348

Portrayal of human doings in popular media has illuminated the social realities of Filipinos’ hidden occupations, presented from an outsider lens reinforced by journalistic biases, as health-compromising, illicit, and socially or personally undesirable. Depiction of hidden occupations becomes ambiguous when the intentions are to entertain, persuade, and monetize. This paper describes the depiction and meanings attached to Filipino hidden occupations featured in popular media and scholarly articles. Utilizing the critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) methodology, we analyzed more than 70 published resources featuring hidden occupations performed by Filipinos. We started with an iterative process of reading and viewing extracted resources, followed by writing reflective comments and online exchanges among the authors. Our findings revealed four emergent themes: (1) insider and outsider lens, (2) lack of choice and power of choice, (3) order amidst chaos, and (4) the nexus between context and hidden occupations. Our interpretation revealed that these hidden occupations occurred within cultural contexts where power dynamics, agency, and survival mattered more than improving health and well-being. We propose these contextual doings are underpinned by feelings of suffering (paghihirap), sense of propriety (hiya), and sense of community (pakikipagkapwa), thus advancing understandings of the unique meanings occupations may hold and reinforcing the need to move forward with the goal of understanding various occupations in a culturally specific and sensitive manner to advance occupational science.

Keywords: Occupational science, non-sanctioned occupations, Filipino, critical interpretive synthesis

12 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Occupational alienation and the mental health of

university students

Nañagas, M. L., & Kantartzis, S.

To cite this article: �Nañagas, M. L., & Kantartzis, S. (2022). Occupational alienation and the mental health of university students. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 30(spe), e3097. https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoRE23433097

Mental health, especially in the youth, has been a prevailing concern in recent years. University students are a particularly high-risk population for mental health problems. Changing perspectives in the field of mental health present the opportunity to explore this concept through an occupational justice lens – specifically that of occupational alienation. Through a brief review of relevant literature, this critical essay will explore the relationship among the concepts of alienation from both a sociology and occupational science perspective, and consider the insights that may be obtained through application of this concept to

understanding the mental health of university students. The use of an occupational justice lens provides an opportunity for an alternative perspective when considering factors potentially contributing to the mental health problems in this population.

Keywords: Mental Health, Social Alienation, Occupational Therapy

13 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Is occupational therapy an ableist health profession? A critical reflection on ableism and occupational therapy

Yao, D. P. G., Sy, M. P., Martinez, P. G. V., & Laboy, E. C.

To cite this article: �Yao, D. P. G., Sy, M. P., Martinez, P. G. V., & Laboy, E. C. (2022). Is occupational therapy an ableist health profession? A critical reflection on ableism and occupational therapy. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 30, e3303. �https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoRE252733032

Introduction

There is a need to engage in critical reflection and reflexivity to deconstruct ableist conceptualisations and practices in occupational therapy.

Objectives

1) to discuss ableism as a social construction within a practice system, 2) to deconstruct ableist mechanisms employed within occupational therapy practice, and 3) to propose inclusive and justice-oriented practices that can improve patterns of practices within the occupational therapy profession.

Method

Online discussions and reflective writing, producing critical reflections, were done to curate our experiences and insights based on our personal and professional experiences, thoughts, and observations as Filipino occupational therapy practitioners. Critical reflexivity was seen both as process and output to address the research objectives.

Findings

Despite the efforts of scholars, educators, and practitioners in employing inclusive and justice-oriented occupational therapy practices, ableism continues to proliferate through overt and covert mechanisms within professional practices.

Conclusion: As the occupational therapy profession continues to evolve, practitioners are expected to be critically reflective and reflexive to mitigate discriminatory practices and promote inclusive and participatory practices today and beyond. This article hopes to serve as an eye-opener for occupational therapy practitioners and reconsider their doings, knowings, and sayings in their present and future practice.

Keywords: Disability studies, professional practices, health personnel, Philippines.

14 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Building the capacity of the next-generation Philippine occupational therapy academic workforce: Insights from an occupational profile study

Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A.

To cite this article: �Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A. (2021). Building the capacity of the next-generation Philippine occupational therapy academic workforce: Insights from an occupational profile study. Acta Medica Philippina, 56(5), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.1441

Background

Occupational therapy (OT) academic educators are vital in building the workforce and advancing the profession. With the retirement of senior faculty, hiring of new OT faculty members have increased. There have also been changes in national and global policy guidelines in OT education. These changes have brought forth a compelling need to examine the profile of Filipino OT educators. To this date, there has been no formal analysis of the Philippine OT academic education workforce. A study aiming at understanding this profile is important to inform OT educators, administrators, and policymakers on the development of strategic approaches that may address their needs and help build the capacity of this workforce.

Objectives

We aimed to establish an occupational profile of OT educators in the Philippines and to recommend capacity-building strategies for next-generation Filipino OT educators.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Adaptation Process in Academia Questionnaire. OT educators were recruited through their institutional affiliations.

Results

Ninety (53%) of the estimated 170 educators participated in the study, representing 16 schools with OT programs in the country. The median age is 26 years, majority female, and single. The academic profile shows that the majority have a bachelor’s as their highest educational degree, work part-time, hold the instructor rank, non-tenured, and have been in academia for 5+ years. Teaching is the primary role, and >50% of the time is spent on teaching tasks. The most frequently experienced challenges are balancing multiple roles and the need to develop competence in research skills. Most effective institutional resources are the availability of teaching resources and orientation programs. Excellent communication between university management and academic staff and the opportunity to participate in decision-making are perceived to be the most useful relationship support. Productivity in teaching is higher than in research and service.

Conclusion.

The current OT academic workforce based on this study is young, in the early career stage, and expected to assume many roles, primarily teaching. They are most challenged in balancing multiple roles and how to advance their academic careers. Institutional resources and relationship supports are available but need to be reinforced and accessed. Strategic initiatives to build capacity include the development of communities of practice, increasing research engagement and productivity, increasing access to professional development programs, and faculty development initiatives.

Key Words: Faculty, Occupational therapy, University, capacity building, Philippines

15 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Development and content validation of the adaptation process in academia questionnaire for occupational therapy educators

Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A..

To cite this article: �Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A. (2020). Development and content validation of the adaptation process in academia questionnaire for occupational therapy educators. Acta Medica Philippina, 54(2), 142-150. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v54i2.1537

Objective

The process of adaptation in academia can best be understood and measured using valid and reliable tools. To understand how occupational therapy educators adapt to academic roles and how they use adaptation to build academic careers, the Adaptation Process in Academia Questionnaire (APA-Q) was developed. The APA-Q is a 199-item tool with four sections: academic experiences (104 items); contexts (16 items); adapting responses (13 items); and adaptation outcomes (66 items). This study described the development and the process of determining the content validity of the APA-Q.

Method

We conducted an extensive review of literature and the available faculty instruments in developing the APA-Q items. Six content experts were recruited to rate the 199-item and scale relevance of the instrument. Qualitative feedback were provided from open-ended questions. Item and scale content validity indices (I-CVI/S-CVI) were calculated. CVI and qualitative assessment informed questionnaire revisions.

Results

Content experts rated 161 of the items (81%) to be highly relevant. The I-CVI of 30 items was acceptable (0.83). Eight items were rated irrelevant (0.5-0.66). S-CVI was excellent (0.97). In terms of constructs, experts agreed on the relevance of items (>0.80): academic experiences (99 or 95%); contexts (16 or 100%); adapting responses (12 or 92%); and adaptation outcomes (63 or 95%). Qualitative assessment indicated a lack of clarity in some items and instructions, redundancy in some of the items, the use of jargon, and missing items. Based on I-CVI and qualitative assessment, 12 items were deleted, 13 items were revised, and 10 items were added.

Conclusion

Context experts deemed the APA-Q to be relevant. Further establishment of its construct validity and reliability is warranted.

Key Words: Adaptation, content validity, tool development, occupational therapy

16 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Occupational adaptation as a lived experience: The case of Filipino occupational therapy academic educators

Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A..

To cite this article: �Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A. (2020). Occupational adaptation as a lived experience: The case of Filipino occupational therapy academic educators. Journal of Occupational Science, 27(4), 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2020.1741020

Occupational adaptation is an important process to understand, as we build knowledge of humans as occupational beings. Scholars advocate for deeper understanding of this process in situated contexts such as that of the academic environment. Academic educators constantly demonstrate occupational adaptation process when meeting daily expectations and role demands and transact within the academic environment. This process, however, remains under-explored. In this study, we analyzed the experiences of 11 Filipino occupational therapy educators to examine the phenomenon of occupational adaptation. A phenomenological approach, with semi-structured interviews, was used to explore how educators perceive, fulfill, and adapt to their occupations as academics. Four themes emerged from an iterative process of extracting significant statements from the interviews and triangulation with the literature: (1) traversing academic roles and re-aligning value systems; (2) transacting with the academic environment; (3) adopting new and creative ways of doing and responding; (4) having a renewed sense of self. At the core of the experiences of Filipino occupational therapy educators is an academic community which forms the context of relationships and identity formation. The occupational adaptation of academic educators is an ongoing transformative process that occurs while engaging in roles and transacting with the academic environment, and involves thinking, doing, and responding in new or creative ways during occupational participation, which brings about a renewed sense of self and identity. Perspectives from occupational science on person-environment transactions serve as a strong theoreticalf ramework to understand the everyday occupation of academics.

Keywords: Occupational science, occupational adaptation, Acedemic educators, person-environment transaction

17 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Perspectives on occupational therapy education in

Southeast Asia

Cabatan, M. C. C., & Duque, R. L.

To cite this book chapter: �Cabatan, M. C. C., & Duque, R. L. (2020). Perspectives on occupational therapy education in Southeast Asia. In S. D. Taff, L. C. Grajo & B. R. Hooper (Eds.) Perspectives on Occupational Therapy Education: Past, Present, and Future, 143-151. SLACK.

Objectives

Critically examine the impact of the beginnings of occupational therapy in Southeast Asia on its present and future.
Present a comprehensive and in-depth picture of occupational therapy education in Southeast Asia through the integration of information regarding the evolving historical, political, economic, and educational landscapes within which it exists.
Create visions of possible features for occupational therapy in Southeast Asia as influenced but social, political, and economic, and educational trends in the region.

18 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

A scoping review of challenges and the adaptation process in Academia: Implications for Occupational Therapy Educators

Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A.

To cite this article: �Cabatan, M. C. C., Grajo, L. C., & Sana, E. A. (2019). A scoping review of challenges and the adaptation process in Academia: Implications for Occupational Therapy Educators. �The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 7(1), Article 8. �https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1523

The fulfillment of role expectations and responsibilities as one builds an academic career can be challenging. Increased demand for occupational therapy faculty merits examination of academic experiences from the literature. This study describes the experiences of educators using adaptation models (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012; Schkade & Schultz, 2003) as a theoretical lens. Arksey and O’Malley’s Scoping Study Framework (2005) was used in the study. Researchers reviewed literature from 2005-2017 from four databases. Researchers analyzed 28 articles from higher education and the health professions using quantitative and qualitative methods. Twenty-two of the 28 articles were published from 2010-2017. The studies analyzed were conducted in seven different countries, the majority in the US (n = 11) and Australia (n = 7), and more than half used qualitative designs (n = 15). Three themes describe academic experiences: identity-related challenges in academia, process of adaptation among academics, and identification of factors affecting productivity. This study describes the various experiences of faculty to meet the demands of the academic environment. Adaptation of OT academics to their occupational roles and environments has not been widely explored. The implications for future study are discussed.

Keywords: Higher education, faculty career, adaptation in the academe, academic challenges

19 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Preparation, roles, and responsibilities of Filipino occupational therapists in disaster preparedness,

response, and recovery

Ching, P. E., & Lazaro, R. T.

To cite this article: �Ching, P. E., & Lazaro, R. T. (2019). Preparation, roles, and responsibilities of Filipino occupational therapists in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. �Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(9), 1333-1340. https://doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1663945

Purpose�Despite the increasing number of literature that identifies the roles of various rehabilitation professionals in disaster-related work, there is still limited evidence that examines how these professionals prepare for and function in the various phases of disasters. This study describes the roles and responsibilities practiced by Filipino occupational therapists in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. The study also describes the preparations undertaken for the therapists to assume these roles.

Materials and methods

A survey was conducted among licensed occupational therapists with prior

experiences in disaster response. The survey consisted of 23 items - seven were related to preparedness, ten to disaster response, and six to the recovery phase. The participants were asked to indicate their degree of involvement in specific roles and responsibilities using a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire also explored their personal preparation for disaster-related work.

Results

The participants were mostly engaged in roles related to the recovery phase, followed by the

response phase, and were least engaged in the preparedness phase. The roles most frequently performed include: encourage connectedness and social interactions among survivors (recovery); provide supportive mental health services to survivors and their families (response); and attend trainings in disaster response to be part of a response team (preparedness). The majority of the participants received training in mental health responses and orientation prior to deployment. They identified the need to gain additional knowledge on emergency response and the effects of human displacement in disaster situations.

Conclusions

Given additional training and orientation, occupational therapists are able to perform various

roles and responsibilities in the different phases of disasters. They can serve as additional resources

for government and non-government organizations to address the needs of vulnerable populations in

disasters. The study results could inform professional organizations on how rehabilitation professionals could be further trained to address disaster-related concerns.

Keywords: Disaster; disaster management; disaster preparedness; disaster response; emergency

response; occupational therapy

20 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

A survey on attitudes of rehabilitation professionals on the use of immersive gamification technology systems in therapy

Consing, A.M.U. & Aguila, M.E.R.

To cite this article: �Consing, A.M.U. & Aguila, M.E.R. (2024). A survey on attitudes of rehabilitation professionals on the use of immersive gamification technology systems in therapy. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy. 3(3), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.46409/002.KTZO7115

Introduction

Immersive gamification technology systems (ImGTS) are used among patients with physical impairments in different practice settings. Studies have shown moderate evidence for the effectiveness of ImGTS in improving functional outcomes. However, studies are scarce on the use of ImGTS by rehabilitation professionals in clinical practice. Thus, this study aimed to determine attitudes of rehabilitation professionals in using ImGTS in rehabilitation.

Methods

This cross-sectional descriptive survey utilized a self-administered online questionnaire, the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Questionnaire, to determine perceptions on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions on using ImGTS for therapy. The study utilized purposive and snowball sampling in recruiting occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech pathologists, and physiatrists in the Philippines to answer the survey.

Results

Results from 47 participants indicate that rehabilitation professionals quite agree that using ImGTS can improve job performance and impact likely functional outcomes among their patients (performance expectancy) [mean 5.5 (SD 0.17)]. They slightly agree that using ImGTS is easy and manageable (effort expectancy) [5.0 (0.12)]. Moreover, they slightly agree with intending to use ImGTS in rehabilitation [4.9 (0.27)] and that they already use ImGTS in clinical practice [4.7 (1.69)]. Yet rehabilitation professionals neither agree nor disagree that significant others in their field of profession influence them when considering the use of ImGTS in therapy (social influence) [4.3 (0.16)] or that they have resources to use ImGTS with their patients and knowledge how to use it (facilitating conditions) [4.3 (0.25)].

Discussion

Rehabilitation professionals intend to use ImGTS and are currently using it as part of their therapy. They also have positive attitudes on ImGTS as regards performance expectancy and effort expectancy. These results support the potential for the adoption of ImGTS as part of clinical practice as efforts to strengthen the evidence for their effectiveness continue.

Keywords: immersive gamification technology systems, rehabilitation professionals, UTAUT

21 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

The effect of resistance, aerobic, and concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises on inflammatory markers of metabolically healthy overweight or obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lentejas, J. P. R., Sandoval, M. A. S., Evangelista, T. J. P., Buenaluz-Sedurante, M. D., & Velayo, C. L. L.

To cite this article: �Lentejas, J. P. R., Sandoval, M. A. S., Evangelista, T. J. P., Buenaluz-Sedurante, M. D., & Velayo, C. L. L. (2024). The effect of resistance, aerobic, and concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises on inflammatory markers of metabolically healthy overweight or obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Medica Philippina, 58(21), 90-105. https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/view/7315/6247

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions on improving adiposity-related inflammatory markers of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) adults.

Methods

This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies on the effects of exercise interventions in the inflammatory markers of sedentary adults with MHO phenotype. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and OVID from January 2021 to January 2022. The included studies were from 2000 to 2021. The inclusion criteria included: a) adults with obese phenotype, b) has physical activity or exercise as intervention, and c) inflammatory markers as outcome measure. Exclusion criteria included: a) pregnant women, b) adults with cardiovascular conditions or taking medications, c) participants having central obesity. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021249661). Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was performed using Revised Cochrane RoB tool for RCTs, and ROBINS-I tool for quasi-experimental studies. A meta-analysis was performed for inflammatory markers and body composition measurements using random effects model with forest plots presenting mean differences (MD) of outcome measures with 95% CI.

Results

Twenty-one RCTs and seven quasi-experimental studies with 1,117 participants were included in the review. For short-term intervention, aerobic exercises showed an increased trend in IL-6 levels, and both resistance and aerobic exercises reduced TNF-alpha and CRP levels, respectively. For long-term exercises, aerobic exercises showed a significant reduction in CRP (MD= -0.33, 95%CI, -0.57 to -0.09, p=0.006). Long-term concurrent training also showed a significant reduction in TNF-alpha (MD= -2.65, 95%CI, -4.13 to -1.18; p=0.0004). Meta-regression also found no direct association between body weight and fat mass, and changes in inflammatory markers.

Conclusion

Concurrent and aerobic exercises were both effective in reducing pro-inflammatory markers. Concurrent training was more effective in reducing BMI, body fat composition, and CRP compared to aerobic and resistance exercises. Furthermore, middle-aged women benefited from aerobic exercises to reduce IL-6 levels. These results indicate the need for both resistance and aerobic exercise in improving inflammatory levels of the body. This review has limitations in terms of degree of heterogeneity brought by different exercise protocol and assessment of inflammatory markers. More research is needed to identify possible outcome measures that can predict chronic inflammation in MHO people.

Keywords metabolically healthy obese, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, concurrent training, inflammatory markers

22 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Development of an economized cave system emulating an HMD-based IVR therapy game

Panganiban, A. C. F., Anlacan, V. M. M., Jamora, R. D. G., Galecio, B. A. C., Salido, I. T. O., Tee, M. L., Aguila, M. E. R., Tee, C. A. & Caro, J. D.

To cite this article: �Panganiban, A. C. F., Anlacan, V. M. M., Jamora, R. D. G., Galecio, B. A. C., Salido, I. T. O., Tee, M. L., Aguila, M. E. R., Tee, C. A. & Caro, J. D. (2024). Development of an economized cave system emulating an HMD-based IVR therapy game. In P. Mylonas, D. Kardaras, & J. Caro (Eds.), Novel & intelligent digital systems: Proceedings of the 4th international conference (NiDS 2024): Lecture notes in networks and systems, 1170, 475–486. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73344-4_40

Abstract

In healthcare, immersive virtual reality (IVR) may be leveraged to simulate personalized and controlled environments tailored to its target demographics. Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) systems offer a more flexible and less intrusive IVR solution, prioritizing the safety and comfort of users limited by their medical conditions. In this study, researchers designed and constructed an economical CAVE system that emulates IVR experiences from head-mounted displays (HMDs) to provide a comparable experience for therapy and expedite software development. The researchers aim to assess the potential and limitations of the CAVE system to promote and facilitate its adoption for IVR therapy. The system was evaluated based on ISO 25010 standards for software product quality, focusing on the system’s functional completeness, correctness, and appropriateness. Internal assessments revealed that the CAVE system viably replicates the therapeutic environment of an HMD-based IVR therapy game, offering versatility and a potential alternative solution for IVR therapy. However, the researchers noted limitations with the projection method and possible learning curve in the current implementation and features, which could be refined in the succeeding iterations of the system. This study presented promising opportunities for adopting and scaling CAVE systems, enhancing accessibility to IVR solutions in therapeutic contexts.

23 of 102

Background

Primary carers, school teachers, and administrators are key influencers in promoting active lifestyle among children with disabilities (CWD). Guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior Model, the Promoting Active Lifestyle among CWD (PALS) Questionnaire aims to determine these influencers’ perceptions, capabilities, opportunities, and motivations in active healthy lifestyle promotion. This study evaluated the content validity and feasibility of the PALS Questionnaire in Filipino and English.

Methods

Six experts rated the relevance of the items in the Filipino and English versions of the PALS Questionnaire. Item and scale content validity indices and agreement among raters (modified kappa k*) were computed. The questionnaires were revised and pilot tested among 11 participants comprising primary carers, and special education teachers and administrators using 3 methods of administration: online survey, phone interview, and pen-and-paper survey.

Results

Scale-level content validity index indicated excellent content validity (0.96–0.97). Item-level content validity index ranged between 0.67 and 1.00. Interrater agreement on the relevance of all items was excellent (k* = .82–1.00), except for the item on teaching assistants (k* = .56). Most participants found the items easy to understand. The average time needed to complete a questionnaire was 30 minutes. The online version of the questionnaire was identified as the most feasible mode of administration.

Conclusion

The PALS Questionnaire is a useful instrument for understanding Filipino primary carers’ and educators’ perceptions on promoting CWD’s active healthy

lifestyle. Information from the PALS Questionnaire could inform initiatives toward better CWD health and quality of life.

Keywords: perceptions, pediatrics, instrument, psychometrics, primary carers, teachers

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Content validation and pilot testing of the promoting active lifestyle among children with disability questionnaire

in Filipino and English

Kang, M. G., Tablante, G. I., Mendoza, K., Bandong, A. N., Guisihan, R., Lim, A. A., Lunar, F.R., Olegario, C.D., Rotor, E., & Palad, Y.

To cite this article: �Kang, M. G., Tablante, G. I., Mendoza, K., Bandong, A. N., Guisihan, R., Lim, A. A., Lunar, F.R., Olegario, C.D., Rotor, E., & Palad, Y. (2024). Content Validation and Pilot Testing of the Promoting Active Lifestyle Among Children With Disability Questionnaire in Filipino and English. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 21(10), 1046-1053.

https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2024-0220

24 of 102

Objective

To determine the association between first-trimester screening biomarkers and the prevalence of cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Methods

This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021268911). A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL databases, and Google Scholar between May 2021 and January 2022. Observational studies included pregnant participants with

recorded maternal serum markers (hCG and PAPP-A) and outcome measures on the prevalence of cerebral palsy, or other neurodevelopmental conditions.

Results

The review identified 248 non-duplicate studies, with only five studies having met the inclusion criteria. Based on this review, combined low levels of β-hCG were correlated with an increased risk of the development of cerebral palsy [OR] of 2.63 (95%CI 1.07, 6.46, p=0.04), and autism spectrum disorder [OR] of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32, p<0.05) in infants. PAPP-A levels were also correlated with cerebral palsy [OR] of 1.81 (95%CI: 1.22-2.64, p<0.01). There are non-significant associations between β-hCG and CP and first-trimester screening markers

and risk of neurodevelopmental conditions [OR] of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.3-0.8, p=0.05).

Conclusion

There are only limited studies that showed plausible associations between hCG and autism; and PAPP-A alone and combined hCG and PAPP-A with cerebral palsy. More studies are needed to search for potential mechanisms behind abnormal FTS markers and the CNS development of infants with neurodevelopmental conditions.

Keywords: first-trimester screening markers, β-hCG, PAPP-A, cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental conditions

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Association of first-trimester screening biomarkers and the prevalence of cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental conditions: A systematic review

Lentejas, J. P. R., & Velayo, C. L.

To cite this article: �Lentejas, J. P. R., & Velayo, C. L. (2024) Association of first-trimester screening biomarkers and the prevalence of cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental conditions: A systematic review.. Science Engineering Journal, 17.155-162. https://doi.org/10.54645/202417SupZCB-37

25 of 102

Background

Wellness programs can be implemented in a university setting and may include varied elements such as physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health. However, there is limited information that highlights and synthesizes why and how these programs work. Therefore, this study aimed to understand effective programs on physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health for university constituents in relation to the implementation contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMO).

Methodology

Guided by the Health Belief Model in the context of a realist review design, the researchers conducted an iterative search among seven peer-reviewed electronic databases in the health and education fields using a predetermined set of eligibility criteria.

Results

The search identified 6564 records, of which programs from 20 records contributed to data synthesis. Nine CMO statements were created, with physical activity programs accounting for most configurations. Key themes identified were tailored and individualized interventions, medium-term incentivization, lifestyle education programs utilizing information and communications technology, interdisciplinary multi-component programs, use of self-monitoring strategies, social support, and shared experiences among employees and students. Analysis of the mechanisms of these effective university programs revealed processes and structures that were consistent with elements of the Health Belief Model.

Conclusion

Effective university-based wellness programs on physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health result from a health-supporting culture among staff and students, utilizing self-based, technological, and social approaches that target and address individual and organizational needs. This realist review provides practical information that may guide the development of university-based programs and policies targeting these areas of wellness.

Keywords: wellness, healthy settings, exercise, fitness, work-life balance, voice care

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

A realist review of effective University-based wellness programs on physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health

Kang, M.G., Lunar, F.R.M., Ruiz, R.M.R., Olegario, C.D.D., Mendoza, K.G., Ignacio, M.L.S., Reyes, P.C.G., Santos, T.N.H., Valdez, M.C., Tutor, M.M.B. & Aguila, M.E.R.

To cite this article: �Kang, M.G., Lunar, F.R.M., Ruiz, R.M.R., Olegario, C.D.D., Mendoza, K.G., Ignacio, M.L.S., Reyes, P.C.G., Santos, T.N.H., Valdez, M.C., Tutor, M.M.B. & Aguila, M.E.R. (2024) A realist review of effective University-based wellness programs on physical activity, occupational balance, and vocal health. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 28(1), 10-17.

https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/732

26 of 102

Background

The Lancet Series of Low Back Pain (LBP) highlighted the lack of LBP data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The study aimed to describe (1) what LBP care is currently delivered in LMICs, and (2) how that care is delivered.

Methods

An online mixed-methods study. A Consortium for LBP in LMICs (n=65) was developed with an expert panel of leading LBP researchers (>2 publications on LBP) and multidisciplinary clinicians and patient partners with five years of clinical/lived LBP experience in LMICs. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Two researchers independently analyzed qualitative data using deductive and inductive coding and developed a thematic framework.

Findings

Forty-seven (85%) of 55 invited panel members representing 32 LMICs completed the survey (38% women; 62% men). The panel included clinicians (34%), researchers (28%), educators (6%), and patient partners (4%). Pharmacotherapies and electrophysiological agents were the most used LBP treatments. The Thematic Framework comprised of eight themes: (1) Self-management is ubiquitous; (2) Medicines are the cornerstone; (3) Traditional therapies have a place; (4) Society plays an important role; (5) Imaging use is very common; (6) Reliance on passive approaches; (7) Social determinants influence LBP care pathway; and (8) Health systems are ill-prepared to address LBP burden.

Interpretation

LBP care in LMICs did not consistently align with the best available evidence. Findings will help research prioritization in LMICs and guide global LBP clinical guidelines. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy® Downloaded from www.jospt.org at Univ of Philippines Manila on April 18, 2024. For personal use only. No other uses without permission.

Funding

The lead author’s Fellowship was supported by the International Association for the Study of Pain.

Keywords: low back pain, musculoskeletal pain, developing countries, service delivery, mixed methods design, health surveys

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

How low back pain is managed-a mixed methods study in 32 countries. Part 2 of low back pain in low- and middle-income countries series

Sharma, S., Pathak, A., Parker, R., Costa, L. O. P., Ghai, B., Igwesi-Chidobe, C., Gorgon, E.J.... & Consortium for Low Back Pain in Low-and Middle-Income Countries

To cite this article: �Sharma, S., Pathak, A., Parker, R., Costa, L. O. P., Ghai, B., Igwesi-Chidobe, C., Gorgon, E.J.... & Consortium for Low Back Pain in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. (2024). How low back pain is managed—a mixed methods study in 32 countries. Part 2 of Low Back Pain in Low-and Middle-Income Countries Series. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 54(0), 1-42.

http://doi: 10.2519/jospt.2024.12406

27 of 102

Introduction

The assessment of outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is important for monitoring their progress, evaluating interventions, and guiding health policies. This study aimed to (1) identify the most common outcome measures used in the clinics to assess function in children with

CP, and (2) determine whether the outcome measures used in the clinics meet the current standards of assessment for the purpose of improving patient

care decisions, research, and quality assurance.

Methods

A retrospective record audit study design was used to determine if the current practice in the clinics on the assessment of function in children with CP meets the current standards of assessment.

Results

96 charts with initial evaluation were reviewed from 5 pediatric institutions within Metro Manila that agreed to participate in this study. 18 out of these 96 charts (18.7%) met the current standards of assessment using gross motor function measure (GMFM), whereas 78 out of these 96 charts (81.3) used a descriptive type of assessment such as gait analysis (GA) [20.9%], activities of daily living (ADL) analysis [79.1%], functional muscle testing (FMT) [44.2%], gross motor skills assessment [37.2%], advanced motor skills assessment [23.3%], balance assessment [4 .7%], developmental milestone assessment [2.3%], and self-adaptive measure [2.3%].

Discussion

The findings showed that most clinics prefer to use a descriptive type to assess function in children with CP. Furthermore, it was revealed

that the pediatric institutions that agreed to participate in this study did not meet the current standards of assessment.

Keywords: clinical audit, outcome measure, physical therapy assessment, function, cerebral palsy

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Measures of function in physical therapy assessment of children with cerebral palsy: A clinical audit

Zotomayor, M. D.

To cite this article: �Zotomayor, M. D. (2024). Measures of function in physical therapy assessment of children with cerebral palsy: A clinical audit. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy. 3(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.46409/002.XAXB5093

28 of 102

Introduction

The Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy began publication in 2021. The editorial board identified as a high-priority project to undertake a detailed analysis of current publishing practice among physical therapy researchers in the Philippines.

Methods

This study systematically mined publications from Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed using the keywords “physical therapy” OR “physiotherapy” OR “physical therapist” OR “physiotherapist.” Results were further refined to only include English publications by authors from the Philippines. Publication, citation, collaboration, and text-co-occurrence network analysis were done using RStudio and VOSViewer.

Results

A total of 122 publications from 1987 to 2022 were identified. Majority of the literature was primary studies (70.49%), secondary or review articles (13.93%) and proceedings of national and/or international conferences (10.65%). The most common and earliest collaborators of Filipino authors were from Australia, United States of America and Hong Kong. Five clusters of co-occurring keywords were identified: (1) case report, validity, function, mobility; (2) meta-analysis, systematic review, database, search; (3) perception, qualitative, barrier, value; (4) Evidence-based practice, attitude, need, confidence; and (5) COVID-19, pandemic, Filipino, cross-sectional.

Discussion

This study provides an overview and valuable guidance for physical therapy researchers, practitioners, educators, and policymakers to plan for the future direction of physical therapy research in the country. Stakeholders should consider the results of the study in identifying future projects to build capacity, develop research agendas and policy guidelines, and create collaborative opportunities to further improve physical therapy research

productivity in the country.

Keywords: scientometric analysis, physical therapy, Philippines

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Evolution of physical therapy scholarship in the Philippines: A scientometric analysis of peer-reviewed publications

Lazaro, R.T., Escuadra, C.J.T., Robinson, E., Rotor, E., Vitente, A.C., and Gorgon, E.J.R.

To cite this article: �Lazaro, R.T., Escuadra, C.J.T., Robinson, E., Rotor, E., Vitente, A.C., and Gorgon, E.J.R. (2024). Evolution of physical therapy scholarship in the Philippines: A scientometric analysis of peer-reviewed publications. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy. 3(1), 5-11.

https://doi.org/10.46409/002.XFDX2637

29 of 102

Aims

Virtual Reality (VR) as a supplementary therapy has become popular for patients with mobility limitations like cerebral palsy (CP). However, development of such technology in the Philippines hasn’t been fueled up. In creating this immersive gamification technology system (ImGTS), there will be a system in creating applications to cater therapy and rehabilitation for children with CP. For this study, feedback from the previous prototype of ImGTS for CP patients have been analyzed. These include, clarity of instruction for each of the major activities, requirement of additional sensory elements to help our user navigate and perform each of the activities prepared in application and safety of the users in terms of using other devices needed for the activities like treadmill for walking. After addressing these feedback to the current prototype, participants of the focus group were consolidated. Most of them appreciated the great improvement addressing the clear instructions for each activity which include demonstration and voice guide. Also the inclusion of an elevator feature made the navigation inside the spaceship easy to understand and remember. With this, feedback concerning the safety and user experience are better as compared with the previous prototype.

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Moving in Space: Development Process Analysis on a Virtual Reality Therapy Application for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Boque, J.C., Aguila, M.E.R., Tee, C.A., Caro, J.D., Galecio, B.A., Salido, I.T., Apuya, R.M., Tee, M.L., Anlacan, V.M.,and Jamora, R.D.

To cite this article: �Boque, J.C., Aguila, M.E.R., Tee, C.A., Caro, J.D., Galecio, B.A., Salido, I.T., Apuya, R.M., Tee, M.L., Anlacan, V.M.,and Jamora, R.D. (2023) Moving in Space: Development Process Analysis on a Virtual Reality Therapy Application for Children with Cerebral Palsy. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems,pages 784205-214 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44146-2_20

30 of 102

Aims

To examine the extent to which physical therapy at a local tertiary teaching clinic enables best practice and to identify

priority areas for service redesign.

Methods

A retrospective file review of clinical records of patients receiving physical therapy from 2011 to 2015 in Manila, Philippines. Data on clinical diagnosis, interventions, parameters of episode of care, goals and outcome measures were extracted and coded by trained researchers using a standardised form.

Results

Most patients (n = 229, 97%) had developmental conditions. Active interventions were employed (n = 236, 99%) and self-management plans appeared in 161 (68%) records. The duration of the episode of care was variable (median = 16 months, range = 1–139). Almost all patients (n = 230, 97%) commenced with weekly sessions, with the total number of sessions ranging from 1 to 150 (median = 15). Therapy goals were reported routinely (n = 236, 99%). Objective measures were recorded in 209 (88%) records at baseline and in 136 (57%) records at follow-up. The time point for outcome assessment was inconsistent (range = <1–36 months).

Conclusions

Service delivery at the clinic requires more robust longitudinal management procedures, streamlined mechanisms for monitoring and better involvement of the family in decision-making. Some elements of existing practice (active, self-management approaches) suggest the adoption of best practice principles. Results contribute to ‘idea generation’ for service redesign.

Keywords: Delivery of health care, health services for persons with disabilities, quality improvement, retrospective chart review, student led physiotherapy

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Needs assessment to inform service delivery redesign in a local tertiary teaching clinic

Cayco, C., Leaver, A., Labro, A., Bandong, A-N., Domingo, A.C., & Gorgon, E.

To cite this article: �Cayco, C., Leaver, A., Labro, A., Bandong, A-N., Domingo, A.C., Gorgon, E. (2023) Needs Assessment to Inform Service Delivery Redesign in a Local Tertiary Teaching Clinic. Journal of Health Management. 25(4), pages 743-748. �https:// doi:10.1177/09720634231216577

31 of 102

Background

The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused students to experience several challenges in their academic lives. A strategy that may assist in mitigating these challenges and facilitating students' positive adaptation to online learning is the promotion of self-regulated learning (SRL). However, SRL is underexplored in the context of health sciences students.

Objectives

This study aimed to describe the extent and examine the nature of SRL of allied health students in a fully remote learning environment.

Methodology

This is a cross-sectional online survey study. Data were collected online using Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the extent and nature of SRL, respectively.

Results

Responses from 241 participants show that students had a mean self-regulated learning score of 82.80 out of 120 (SD=12.68). Of the dimensions of SRL, students had higher scores in environmental structuring, time management, and self-evaluation than the other dimensions. A six-factor second-order model of self-regulation showed adequate model-data fit (χ2=673.88, CFI=0.95, TLI=0.95, SRMR=0.09, RMSEA=0.09 [90% CI=0.08-0.09]).

Conclusion

Health science students showed a high level of SRL; SRL for these students is adequately measured using the six dimensions of goal setting, environmental structuring, tasks strategies, time management, help seeking, and self-evaluation. The results indicate the value of understanding the extent and nature of SRL as a first step in planning strategies to support learning and student success in remote environments.

�Keywords: Self-regulated learning, online self-regulated learning questionnaire, emergency remote learning, health sciences

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Extent of self-regulated learning among allied health students in an online environment

Genoguin, R.K.M., Bentulan, R.F.K., Nañagas, M.L.L., Ruiz, J.D., Aguila, M.E.R. & Cabatan, M.C.D.

To cite this article: �Genoguin, R.K.M., Bentulan, R.F.K., Nañagas, M.L.L., Ruiz, J.D., Aguila, M.E.R. & Cabatan, M.C.D. (2023) Extent of self-regulated learning among allied health students in an online environment. Phil J Health Res Dev. 27(3), 9-20 https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/748

32 of 102

Objective

The study's objective was to explore Filipino physical therapists' views on social responsibility and the competencies it entails.

Methods

This study employed a constructivism-based qualitative design to inquire into the perspectives of physical therapy leaders and practitioners in the Philippines on Filipino physical therapists' social responsibility. Leaders were invited for their macro perspectives and influence on the profession; practitioners were invited to provide more practical viewpoints. Participants were interviewed one-on-one online. Interviews were transcribed, translated to English, and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Sixteen participants agreed to share their perspectives. Six themes were generated. Participants viewed the social responsibility of physical therapists in the Philippines as a professional duty that requires altruistic and social justice motivations. Socially responsible actions should address pressing issues affecting Filipino people's access to physical therapy and experience of health.

Conclusion

The social responsibility of physical therapists in the Philippines entails engaging in roles aside from clinical practice to contribute to Filipino people's attainment of health. This calls for the expansion of their ethical and practice frameworks to include addressing not only client issues, but also the wider societal barriers to equitable access to physical therapy and better experiences of health.

Impact

This study contributes to professional discourse on the increasing importance of social responsibility in the physical therapy profession amidst increasing rehabilitation needs and growing concerns on health inequity locally and globally, especially as worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. It informs the development of a societal practice framework for physical therapists in the Philippines and the desired changes in physical therapy policies and education to facilitate fulfilment of their societal obligations.

Keywords: Education, professional, ethics, professional issues, public health, social responsibility.

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Physical Therapists’ Social Responsibility in the Philippines Entails Adopting a Societal Practice Framework: A Qualitative Study

Palad, Y., Armsby, P., & Qualter, A

To cite this article: �Palad, Y., Armsby, P., & Qualter, A. (2023). Physical Therapists’ Social Responsibility in the Philippines Entails Adopting a Societal Practice Framework: A Qualitative Study, Physical Therapy, 104(1), 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzad129

33 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Implementation of a risk-stratified, guideline-based clinical pathway of care to improve health outcomes following whiplash injury (Whiplash ImPaCT): a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial

Trudy, R., Bandong, A. N., Leaver, A., Ritchie, C., R., Armfield, N., Arora, M., Cameron, I. D., Connelly, L. B., Daniell, R., Gillett, M., Ingram, R., Jagnoor, J., Kenardy, J., Mitchell, G., Refshauge, K., Requena, S. S., Robins, S., & Sterling, M.

To cite this article: �Trudy, R., Bandong, A. N., Leaver, A., Ritchie, C., R., Armfield, N., Arora, M., Cameron, I. D., Connelly, L. B., Daniell, R., Gillett, M., Ingram, R., Jagnoor, J., Kenardy, J., Mitchell, G., Refshauge, K., Requena, S. S., Robins, S., & Sterling, M. (2023) Implementation of a risk-stratified, guideline-based clinical pathway of care to improve health outcomes following whiplash injury (Whiplash ImPaCT): a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial. Pain. 164(10), 2216-2227. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002940

Current pathways of care for whiplash follow a “stepped care model,” result in modest treatment outcomes and fail to offer efficient management solutions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a risk-stratified clinical pathway of care (CPC) compared with usual care (UC) in people with acute whiplash. We conducted a multicentre, 2-arm, parallel, randomised, controlled trial in primary care in Australia. Participants with acute whiplash (n = 216) were stratified for risk of a poor outcome (low vs medium/high risk) and randomised using concealed allocation to either the CPC or UC. In the CPC group, low-risk participants received guideline-based advice and exercise supported by an online resource, and medium-risk/high-risk participants were referred to a whiplash specialist who assessed modifiable risk factors and then determined further care. The UC group received care from their primary healthcare provider who had no knowledge of risk status. Primary outcomes were neck disability index (NDI) and Global Rating of Change (GRC) at 3 months. Analysis blinded to group used intention-to-treat and linear mixed models. There was no difference between the groups for the NDI (mean difference [MD] [95% confidence interval (CI)] −2.34 [−7.44 to 2.76]) or GRC (MD 95% CI 0.08 [−0.55 to 0.70]) at 3 months. Baseline risk category did not modify the effect of treatment. No adverse events were reported. Risk-stratified care for acute whiplash did not improve patient outcomes, and implementation of this CPC in its current form is not recommended.

Keywords: Whiplash associated disorders, neck pain, physiotherapy, musculoskeletal pain, rehabilitation

34 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Results from the first para report card on physical activity for children and adolescents with disabilities in the Philippines

Kang, M. G., Esguerra, A. A., Bandong, A. N., Guisihan, R, Lunar, F. R., Mendoza, K., Olegario, C. D., Palad, Y., Rotor, E., & Tablante, G. I.

To cite this article: �Kang, M. G., Esguerra, A. A., Bandong, A. N., Guisihan, R, Lunar, F. R., Mendoza, K., Olegario, C. D., Palad, Y., Rotor, E., & Tablante, G. I. (2023). Results from the first para report card on physical activity for children and adolescents with disabilities in the Philippines. �Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Journal. 40(3), 531-540 https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2022-0154

A comprehensive evaluation of physical activity (PA) engagement and policy implementation among Filipino children and adolescents with disabilities is vital in the promotion of an active healthy lifestyle. This is the first Para Report Card of the Philippines that presents the available evidence on the 10 commonly used PA indicators. Published and gray literature were searched for country-specific evidence on PA behaviors, physical fitness, and sources of influence. Stakeholders representing relevant national institutions, special education schools, and advocacy groups also provided input on the grades. Only Organized Sport and Government indicators had sufficient data to be graded F and B, respectively. The rest of the indicators were graded as incomplete due to the limited availability of nationally representative data. Findings of the Philippines 2022 Para Report Card on PA highlight the need to strengthen the documentation and evaluation of these indicators among Filipino children and adolescents with disabilities.

Keywords: Lower-middle-income country; active lifestyle; sedentary behavior; health promotion; pediatric

35 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Filipino physical therapists’ practice and perspectives on non-treatment physical activity for older adults

Lunar, F. R. M., Alog, A. M. B., Tanchuling, A. D. S., Andal, K. M. R., Chan, B. C. E., Chua, D. C., Martinez, C. B., Orlino, M. A. C., Tan, J. B., Katakura Jr., K. A., & Ignacio, M. L.

To cite this article: �Lunar, F. R. M., Alog, A. M. B., Tanchuling, A. D. S., Andal, K. M. R., Chan, B. C. E., Chua, D. C., Martinez, C. B., Orlino, M. A. C., Tan, J. B., Katakura Jr., K. A.,, & Ignacio, M. L. (2023). Filipino physical therapists’ practice and perspectives on non-treatment physical activity for older adults. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy, 1(3), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.46409/002.SXMC6433

Introduction

Studies have already investigated the practice of physical therapists (PTs) in promoting non-treatment physical activity (NTPA). However, these were done in the context of mostly western settings or were not specific to older adult practice. It is still unclear if a similar level of practice and perspectives on NTPA promotion exists in a setting where physical therapy is more associated with rehabilitation than health promotion, such as in the Philippines. Therefore, this study aimed to describe Filipino PTs' knowledge of WHO physical activity (PA) guidelines and their use of behavioral change techniques (BCTs) and theories when promoting PA in older adults. This study also explored factors that potentially influenced their engagement in PA promotion.

Methods

Filipino PTs who were handling or interested in handling older adult clients from March to April 2020 answered an online/printed survey.

Results

More than half of 72 respondents were unaware (59.72%) and most were unable to recall the WHO guidelines (98.61%) correctly. Respondents used a limited range of BCTs when promoting PA. While some (66.66%) were aware of at least one behavior change theory, a number were unfamiliar with all (33.33%) and only a small proportion reported regular use in practice. A number of factors and respondent characteristics were found to have a statistically significant positive relationship with PA promotion.

Discussion

Study results can serve as preliminary basis for programs that improve promotion of NTPA on older-adult clients by Filipino PTs, specifically regarding knowledge on WHO PA guidelines and their use of a wide range of BCTs and theories. This can potentially place them at the forefront of addressing this health concern in the aging population.

Keywords: Physiotherapy, behavior change, older adults, sedentary behavior, Philippines

36 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Global matrix of para report cards on physical activity of children and adolescents with disabilities

Ng, K., Sit, S., Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K., Aubert, S., Stanish, H., Hutzler, Y., Santos-Silva, D. A., Kang, M. G., Lopez-Gil, J. F., Lee, E.Y., Asunta, P., Pozeriene, J., Urbanski, P. K.,

Aguilar-Farias, N., & Reilly, J. J.

To cite this article: �Ng, K., Sit, S., Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K., Aubert, S., Stanish, H., Hutzler, Y., Santos-Silva, D. A., Kang, M. G., Lopez-Gil, J. F., Lee, E.Y., Asunta, P., Pozeriene, J., Urbanski, P. K., Aguilar-Farias, N., & Reilly, J. J. (2023). Global matrix of para report cards on physical activity of children and adolescents with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Journal. 40(3), 409-430 https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2023-0047

This is an overview of the results from 14 countries or jurisdictions in a Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents with disabilities. The methodology was based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance’s Global Matrix 4.0. Data were aligned with 10 indicators (Overall PA, Organized Sport, Active Play, Active Transport, Physical Fitness, Sedentary Behavior, Family & Peers, Schools, Community & Environment, and Government) to produce Para Report Cards. Subsequently, there were 139 grades; 45% were incomplete, particularly for Active Play, Physical Fitness, and Family & Peers. Collectively, Overall PA was graded the lowest (F), with Schools and Government the highest (C). Disability-specific surveillance and research gaps in PA were apparent in 14 countries or jurisdictions around the world. More coverage of PA data in Para Report Cards is needed to serve as an advocacy tool to promote PA among children and adolescents with disabilities.

Keywords: Youth, special education, policy, health promotion, advocacy, harmonization

37 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

An evaluation of policies promoting physical activity

among Filipino youth

Palad, Y. Y., Guisihan, R. M., Aguila, M. E. R., Ramos, R. A. A., & Cagas, J. Y.

To cite this article: �Palad, Y. Y., Guisihan, R. M., Aguila, M. E. R., Ramos, R. A. A., & Cagas, J. Y. (2023). An evaluation of policies promoting physical activity among Filipino youth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042865

Government is key to promoting physical activity at the population level through policy. The government was one of the physical activity indicators graded for the 2022 Philippine Physical Activity Report Card based on ten physical activity-related policies. This study aimed to evaluate the scope of the policies and to update these policies. Philippine government databases were searched for policies using physical activity-related key terms. Policies found were evaluated using the Wales Active Healthy Kids scoring rubric. The overall grade was converted to a letter grade based on the Global Matrix 4.0 grading system. The authors analyzed the policies’ scope and implications to practice and policy. Seven additional policies were found. Considering all 17 policies, the government indicator grade is now A- from the preliminary grade of B. The scope covers promoting physical activity mainly through sports participation and active transport among students, student-athletes, persons with disabilities, and the general population in school and community settings. The gap between government and overall physical activity (F) scores suggests the need for a comprehensive physical activity plan promoting various forms of physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior among all Filipino youth and across various settings. Crucial to achieving change is a well-coordinated, whole-of-systems approach to promoting active healthy lifestyles.

Keywords: Active lifestyle; disease prevention; government indicator; health promotion; lower middle-income country; sedentary behavior

38 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Developing a transformative praxis-based curriculum to educate Physical therapy students for social responsibility: A Philippine qualitative case study

Palad, Y. Y., Armsby, P., & Qualter, A.

To cite this article: �Palad, Y. Y., Armsby, P., & Qualter, A. (2023). Developing a transformative praxis-based curriculum to educate Physical therapy students for social responsibility: A Philippine qualitative case study.� Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 37(1), 17-23, https://doi.org/10.1097/JTE.0000000000000264

Introduction

Physical therapy (PT) academic institutions are called upon to strengthen their transformative role in developing more socially responsible graduates. Study objectives were to explore faculty perspectives on educating PT students for social responsibility (SR) and to identify strategies for improvement.

Review of Literature

Adopting a “curriculum as praxis” orientation for curriculum development supports educating for SR because of its focus on transforming self and the world through recurring critical reflection and action. To complement the curriculum, ensuring SR in the entire academic environment, including institutional structures and capable educators, will enrich student development.

Subjects

Six PT educators from a Philippine university with distinct SR mandates were purposively invited to participate based on their key involvements in various aspects of educating for SR.

Methods

A participatory approach guided the methods to encourage collaborative creation of practical knowledge. Participant perspectives were gathered through focus group discussions, which were informed by research on SR in Philippine PT. Discussions were transcribed and then subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes highlighted main areas for practice improvement: 1) strengthening curricular focus on SR through a whole-of-curriculum approach to incorporating opportunities for cognitive learning on SR and praxis (reflection and action); 2) maximizing institutional programs by helping students recognize them as further opportunities for developing SR; 3) and ensuring faculty has the capacity to educate for SR.

Discussion and Conclusion

Educating for SR requires a transformative curriculum supported by aligned institutional programs and capable educators. This study enjoins PT educators to ensure a strong SR agenda in their PT programs by analyzing and acting on the transformative purpose of their curricula, including the influence of institutional structures, and support needed by educators to enable students to respond to the needs of the society they serve.

Keywords: Critical consciousness, professional ethics, reflection, social justice,

transformative education

39 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) – assisted technologies in scientific discourse

Vitente, A., Lazaro, R., Escuadra, C. J., Regino, J., & Rotor, E. R.

To cite this article: �Vitente, A., Lazaro, R., Escuadra, C. J., Regino, J., & Rotor, E. R. (2023). The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) – assisted technologies in scientific discourse. �Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy, 2(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.46409/002.HNUY6271

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies have recently gained considerable attention, with ChatGPT as one of the most notable examples of this technology. ChatGPT is a generative chatbot that engages users via human-like conversations developed and launched by OpenAI. The ability of ChatGPT to understand and respond to wide range of natural language inputs if due to its Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) language model. As such, it can quickly provide detailed responses across multiple domains of knowledge and produce content that is almost indistinguishable from text written by humans (Eysenbach, 2023). Several experts and institutions have explored the potential of generative AI in different areas like business (van Dun, Moder, Kratsch, & Röglinger, 2023), education (Cooper, 2023), and medicine (Ali, & Shah, 2022). Very recently, on March 21, 2023 in the United States and United Kingdom, Google launched Bard, the company’s own generative AI chatbox that aims to provide automated human-like support.

40 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Gamified upper-limb rehabilitation program for elderly participants using a real-time motion tracking system

Acabado, V. M. F., Burgos, G. P. B., Caro, J. D. L., Juayong, R. A. B.,

& Aguila, M. E. R.

To cite this article: �Acabado, V. M. F., Burgos, G. P. B., Caro, J. D. L., Juayong, R. A. B., & Aguila, M. E. R. (2022). Gamified upper-limb rehabilitation program for elderly participants using a real-time motion tracking system. Novel & Intelligent Digital Systems: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference (NiDS 2022), 556, 200–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17601-2_20

There are few research exploring remote-friend;y upper-limb rehabilitation programs for the elderly in the Philippines. During the pandemic, therapists resorted to telerehabilitation to attend to their participants remotely to provide care from May 2020. Telerehabilitation has been effective in continuing the rehabilitation process but it is not stimulant enough to maintain consistent motivation. Due to the lack of engagement and motivation, this may pose a threat to the elderly’s therapeutic regimens. In addition, not all elderly patients are tech-savvy and have access to reliable internet connection to participate in telerehabiltation programs. Thus, telerehabilitation for the elderly have been deemed demotivating and ineffective. The use of gamification technology is still in the early stages of exploration in the Philippine context. In this paper, we explore the adaptation of serious games as a tool in upper=limb rehabilitation to apply a range of motion exercises using a real-time motion tracking system as a means to motivate and entertain elderly.

Keywords: Rehabilitation, upper limbs, single-camera system

41 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Student characteristics associated with the level of physical activity in undergraduate students: An observational study

Aguila, M. E. R., & Perez, C. D. A.

To cite this article: �Aguila, M. E. R., & Perez, C. D. A. (2022). Student characteristics associated with the level of physical activity in undergraduate students: An observational study. �Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 26(Suppl.3), 60-65. https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/631

Background�Levels of physical activity are thought to decline from childhood to early adulthood. Understanding the level of physical activity and its associated factors among undergraduate students is critical to promote health benefits and reduce their risk for certain diseases.

Objectives�This study aimed to identify the factors that are associated with the level of physical activity

among undergraduate students.

Methodology�In this cross-sectional, observational study, the physical activity of 489 undergraduate

students enrolled in the University of the Philippines Manila was measured. Physical activity was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2. Multiple linear regression was done to analyze the association between physical activity and variables including age, sex, belonging to degree-granting units that do clinical placements, year level, current enrolment in physical education course, and membership in sports-related organization.

Results�Students were, on average, physically active 112 minutes per day and sedentary 536 minutes per day. Enrolment in a physical education course (B 79, 95% CI 44 to 115), membership in sports-related organization (B 105, 95% CI 54 to 157), and sedentary time (B -0.13, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.07) were associated with the level of physical activity. These three variables explained 10% of the variance in physical activity.

Conclusion�Undergraduate students were physically active but spent most of their day sedentary. Physical activity was associated with enrolment in a physical education course, membership in a sports-related organization, and sedentary time. Results of this study could inform decisions on strategies to facilitate active lifestyles for students to carry over healthy physical activity habits into adulthood.

Keywords: Physical activity, sedentary, students

42 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Application design of a virtual reality therapy game for patients with cerebral palsy

Aguila, M. E. R., Tee, C. A., Boque, J. C. R., Salido, I. T. O., Jacinto, M. E. V., Tee, M. L., Anlacan, M. M., Jamora, R. D. G., & Caro, J. D.

To cite this article: �Aguila, M. E. R., Tee, C. A., Boque, J. C. R., Salido, I. T. O., Jacinto, M. E. V., Tee, M. L., Anlacan, M. M., Jamora, R. D. G., & Caro, J. D. (2022). Application design of a virtual reality therapy game for patients with cerebral palsy. Novel & Intelligent Digital Systems: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference (NiDS 2022), 556, 170-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17601-2_17

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent group of permanent and non-progressive disorders affecting movement and requiring long-term rehabilitation. Commercially available virtual reality (VR) games have shown potential in improving rehabilitation outcomes in children with CP. This paper is part of an ongoing interdisciplinary collaborative research project on integrating technology in rehabilitative care through an immersive technology system designed for improving mobility of children with CP. This paper aims to describe the process and considerations in developing and designing a VR application for children with CP, and in assessing the proposed VR application. Toward these objectives, requirements for the application were determined through an iterative process of review of literature, focus group discussions among rehabilitation professionals and game designers, and prototype-testing. Participants agreed on the importance of interprofessional collaboration and designing role-play games to improve adherence to therapeutic plans. Results highlight the need for an application that is (a) tailored to the needs of children with CP, but also flexible for customization to their varying presentations and levels of skill; (b) able to balance familiarity, fun, and challenge to encourage and engage patients to participate in therapy; and (c) available and accessible to health professionals and their patients.

Keywords: Cerebral palsy, VR design strategies, immersive technology, virtual reality

43 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Application design for a virtual reality therapy game for patients with behavioral and psychological

symptoms of dementia.

Anlacan, V. M. M., Jamora, R. D. G., Pangilinan, A. C. F., Salido, I. T. O., Jacinto, M. E. V., Tee, M. L., Aguila, M. E. R., Tee, C. A., & Caro, J. D.

To cite this article: �Anlacan, V. M. M., Jamora, R. D. G., Pangilinan, A. C. F., Salido, I. T. O., Jacinto, M. E. V., Tee, M. L., Aguila, M. E. R., Tee, C. A., & Caro, J. D. (2022). Application design for a virtual reality therapy game for patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Novel & Intelligent Digital Systems: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference (NiDS 2022), 556, 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17601-2_15

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is a complex myriad of symptoms associated with the dementing condition. They are costly to treat and cause poor health outcomes both for the patient and their caregivers. This paper is part of an on-going research on developing an effective immersive technology for the management of patients with BPSD. Undertaken in collaboration with healthcare professionals and scientists from the Philippines, a virtual reality (VR) game prototype is designed, curated and set within the Philippine culture. For this paper, the goals are to gather necessary factors needed to administer a therapy anchored on VR to address BPSD; and to acquire insights, comments, and recommendations on the design and architecture for further development of a VR game prototype. To achieve these goals, two focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted and a VR game prototype was enhanced based on the recommendations generated from the first FGD. Findings of this study may be used as foundations or template for future studies on VR applications for other diseases and their eventual adoption into the Philippine healthcare system.

Keywords: Dementia, VR design strategies, immersive technology, virtual reality

44 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Twenty-first-century management of non-specific spinal pain: A narrative review of the paradigm shift in

management of back and neck pain

Bandong, A. N., Rebbeck, T., Mackey, M., Gelisanga, M. A., & Leaver, A.

To cite this article: �Bandong, A. N., Rebbeck, T., Mackey, M., Gelisanga, M. A., & Leaver, A. (2022). Twenty-first-century management of non-specific spinal pain: A narrative review of the paradigm shift in management of back and neck pain. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 26(Suppl.3), 66-71. �https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/632

Non-specific spinal pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and traditional approaches to management have failed to address the societal burden of spinal pain. This narrative review describes the shift in approach to the management of non-specific spinal pain over the past two decades and outlines key recommendations in modern practice guidelines that are informed by these changes. Implementation of evidence-based practice for spinal pain remains a challenge.

Keywords: Practice guidelines, spinal pain, biopsychosocial model

45 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Selective acceptance of acute whiplash guidelines: A qualitative analysis of perceptions of health professionals

in Australia

Bandong, A. N., Rebbeck, T., Mackey, M., Sterling, M., Kelly, J., Ritchie, C., & Leaver, A.

To cite this article: �Bandong, A. N., Rebbeck, T., Mackey, M., Sterling, M., Kelly, J., Ritchie, C., & Leaver, A. (2022). Selective acceptance of acute whiplash guidelines: A qualitative analysis of perceptions of health professionals in Australia. Disability and Rehabilitation, 45(12), 1947-1954. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2080286

Purpose�To explore health professionals’ acceptance of the guidelines for acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD), and to identify barriers and facilitators to adherence. �

Materials and methods�Qualitative descriptive study involving focus group discussions among health professionals who treat people with WAD in primary and secondary care settings in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. Twenty-eight health professionals (physiotherapists ¼19; chiropractors ¼6; osteopaths ¼3) participated in six semi-structured focus group discussions that were held in independent offices in Sydney and Brisbane, Australia between September and December 2015. Discussions were audio recorded and verbatim, de-identified transcripts produced. Thematic analysis was conducted using an inductive approach to identify commonly held beliefs. �

Results:�Acceptance of guideline recommendations appeared to be influenced by factors related to the guideline itself, practitioner and practice characteristics, and patient-related factors. Specifically, acceptance was hindered by conflicting belief systems, ambiguity in guideline recommendations, and patient characteristics and expectations. �

Conclusions�Practitioners demonstrated a positive attitude towards the use of the guidelines in general; however, in some cases, acceptance of key recommendations appeared selective. Future guideline revision and implementation might focus on explaining the underlying principles of the guidelines, providing more detailed recommendations, and involving strategies that challenge inconsistent beliefs and promote informed decision-making.�

Keywords: Guideline adherence; primary health care; whiplash injuries; focus groups; barriers and facilitators

46 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Results from the Philippines’ 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents

Cagas, J. Y., Mallari, M. F. T., Torre, B. A., Kang, M. G. D., Palad, Y. Y., Guisihan, R. M., Aurellado, M. I., Sanchez-Pituk, C., Realin, J. G. P., Sabado, M. L. C., Ulanday, M. E. D., Baltasar, J. F., Maghanoy, M. L. A., Ramos, R. A. A., Santos, R. A. B., & Capio, C. M.

To cite this article: �Cagas, J. Y., Mallari, M. F. T., Torre, B. A., Kang, M. G. D., Palad, Y. Y., Guisihan, R. M., Aurellado, M. I., Sanchez-Pituk, C., Realin, J. G. P., Sabado, M. L. C., Ulanday, M. E. D., Baltasar, J. F., Maghanoy, M. L. A., Ramos, R. A. A., Santos, R. A. B., & Capio, C. M. (2022). Results from the Philippines’ 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 20(4), 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.001

Background/Objective

The 2022 Philippine Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents provides a comprehensive assessment of physical activity and other related behaviors, including the various factors and settings that influence these behaviors. It serves as an advocacy tool to increase awareness of the physical activity situation among children and young people in the country. This article describes the development and results of the first Philippine Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents.

Methods

Following a systematic process provided by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, a team

consisting of 25 sports and physical activity specialists identified and reviewed the best available nationally representative data related to physical activity indicators. These data were then used to inform the grades of the ten (10) physical activity indicators.

Results

Sufficient data were identified to assign grades to five (5) indicators: Overall Physical Activity (F), Active Transportation (D), Sedentary Behavior (B), School (C-), and Government (B). Insufficient data existed to assign grades to the remaining five (5) indicators: Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, and Community and Environment.

Conclusion

Despite government policies related to physical activity in the country, the majority of

children and adolescents in the Philippines do not meet the recommended amount of physical activity for health. More work is needed to improve the translation of these policies into measurable programs, highlighting the need to create better physical activity opportunities and develop national surveillance mechanisms.

Keywords: Active living, low-to-middle income countries, physical activity promotion, physical fitness, public health, sedentary behavior

47 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Lip trill effects on vocal function, vocal pitch, and harmonics-to-noise ratio: A multiple baseline study of

three vocally healthy females

Chua-Lawas, M. R., & Rotor, E. R.

To cite this article: �Chua-Lawas, M. R., & Rotor, E. R. (2022). Lip trill effects on vocal function, vocal pitch, and harmonics-to-noise ratio: A multiple baseline study of three vocally healthy females. Acta Medica Philippina. 57(5), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.3913

Background

The lip trill is a semi-occluded vocal tract exercise found to have positive outcomes on vocal parameters of healthy individuals after a single session. However, the effect of several lip trill sessions has not been studied.

Objective

This study investigated the effect of a 3- to 4-week lip trill exercise program on Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), Maximum Phonation Frequency Range (MPFR), Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR), and mean Speaking Fundamental Frequency (mean SFF).

Methods

Three vocally untrained healthy females with perceptually normal voices participated in a multiple-baseline, single-case experimental research. Five to seven direct training sessions were randomly assigned. Self-implementation was encouraged thereafter. Participants were assessed on all outcome measures for 15 sessions. Data were visualized and inspected. Cohen’s d was also derived using Standardized Mean Difference for single-subject research.

Results

Visual and statistical analyses revealed a decreased MPT when training was introduced, increased MPFR variability during the training phase, and increased stability in mean SFF post-training. Perceived effects include vocal freedom, decreased laryngeal stress, and vocal conditioning. Vocal outcomes in one participant yielded a significant effect on MPFR and mean SFF and a small effect on HNR.

Conclusion

There is evidence of lip trill effect on pitch control and vocal conditioning. Findings also revealed that motivation, exercise frequency, and adherence could contribute to positive gains in vocally healthy speakers. Further investigation in consideration of the study findings and limitations is warranted.

Keywords: Lip trill, prevention, vocal health promotion, acoustic vocal parameters, normal voice

48 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Needs assessment for health service design for people with back pain in a hospital setting: A qualitative study

Gorgon, E., Maka, K., Kam, A., Nisbet, G., Sullivan, J., Regan, G., Pourkazemi, F., Lin, J., Mohamed, M., & Leaver, A.

To cite this article: �Gorgon, E., Maka, K., Kam, A., Nisbet, G., Sullivan, J., Regan, G., Pourkazemi, F., Lin, J., Mohamed, M., & Leaver, A. (2022). Needs assessment for health service design for people with back pain in a hospital setting: A qualitative study. Health Expectations, 25(2), 721–731. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13419

Background

There is a need for effective health service solutions to provide greater structure and support for implementing evidence‐based practice in back pain care. Patient involvement in developing these solutions is crucial to increase relevance, acceptability and uptake.

Objectives

To determine patients' perceived needs and barriers to best‐practice back pain care, and potential solutions to better address care needs. The study is the third in a series of needs assessment studies feeding into the ‘idea generation’ for service design in a large teaching hospital in a culturally and linguistically diverse community in metropolitan Sydney, Australia.

Design

We conducted a combination of focus groups and in‐depth interviews using an interpretive description approach. We used inductive thematic analysis to identify the main themes.

Setting and Participants

We purposively sampled patients with diverse characteristics from the neurosurgery and physiotherapy outpatient clinics, in particular those whose primary language was English, Arabic, Persian or Mandarin. Non‐English audio recordings were translated and transcribed by bilingual researchers.

Results

There were 24 participants (focus groups = 9; individual interviews = 15) when data saturation was reached. The analysis identified three key themes with several subthemes around what service designers needed to understand in helping people with back pain in this setting: (1) This is who I am; (2) It's not working for me; and (3) What I think I need.

Discussion and Conclusion

This study highlights that perceived unmet needs of patients are underpinned by unhelpful beliefs about the causes of and solutions for back pain, misaligned care expectations, unclear expectations of the hospital role and fragmentations in the health system. To design and implement a service that can deliver better back pain care, several solutions need to be integrated around: developing new resources that challenge unhelpful beliefs and set realistic expectations; improving access to education and self‐management resources; focusing on individualized care; using a collaborative multidisciplinary approach within the hospital; and better connecting with and directing primary health care services.

Patient or Public Contribution

A consumer representative of the Western Sydney Local Health District provided input during study conceptualisation and is duly recognized in the Acknowledgements section.

Keywords: Assessment of healthcare needs, codesign, health services research, low‐back pain, neck pain, patient‐centred care

49 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Redesigning care for back pain in an Australian hospital setting: A service evaluation to identify need for change

Gorgon, E., Maka, K., Sullivan, J., Nisbet, G., Hancock, M., Regan, G., & Leaver, A.

To cite this article: �Gorgon, E., Maka, K., Sullivan, J., Nisbet, G., Hancock, M., Regan, G., & Leaver, A. (2022). Redesigning care for back pain in an Australian hospital setting: A service evaluation to identify need for change. Musculoskeletal Care, 21(1), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1695

Objective

This needs assessment study examined current processes of physiotherapy care for adults with back pain in a large teaching hospital serving a multicultural community in Sydney, Australia. Evaluation of current practices is a necessary first step in the design of a patient‐centred, multidisciplinary service that promotes best practice in back pain management.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective service evaluation in the physiotherapy outpatient department by reviewing clinical data on episode of care and processes of care for adults managed for back pain over a 6‐month period using a defined protocol (n = 252).

Results

Patients (median age = 56 years; 72.2% born outside of Australia) were referred from various internal and external sources, with 79.8% having chronic back pain. The median length of episode of care was 8 weeks. Active interventions were almost universally used (98.4% of records). Key aspects of assessment were frequently recorded (84.5%–98% of records), but psychosocial risk assessment was not routinely recorded. Aspects of longitudinal management planning, including goal setting, outcome measurement, and routine follow‐up, were also not routinely recorded.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that physiotherapy processes of care in this setting followed key messages of best practice particularly with regard to interventions, in contrast to other settings and jurisdictions. However, the brief episodes of care and less evident focus on psychosocial aspects might not align with the needs of the majority with chronic back pain. These findings suggest the need to reframe processes of care with a biopsychosocial approach and structure episodes of care towards long‐term management solutions.

Keywords: Chronic pain, delivery of healthcare, evidence‐based practice, low back pain,

neck pain

50 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Meta-analysis of effectiveness of community-based interventions in improving physical activity in youth

with intellectual disability

Jordan, A. M. M., Arcenal, F. E., Perreras, M. S. L. A., Crucillo, A. R. R. T., Canalita, R. F.,

Balce, M. R. S., & Aguila, M. E. R.

To cite this article: �Jordan, A. M. M., Arcenal, F. E., Perreras, M. S. L. A., Crucillo, A. R. R. T., Canalita, R. F., Balce, M. R. S., & Aguila, M. E. R. (2022). Meta-analysis of effectiveness of community-based interventions in improving physical activity in youth with intellectual disability. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 26(Suppl.3), 43-51.�https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/629

Background and Objectives

The effects of home or community-based interventions in increasing physical activity in youth with intellectual disabilities are yet to be known. Such information is important in designing the care for this population because of their increased susceptibility to lifestyle diseases that affect their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of home or community-based interventions in increasing physical activity levels in youth with intellectual disabilities.

Methodology

Eight databases were searched to identify intervention studies available in English that investigated the effects of home or community-based interventions on physical activity levels in youth with intellectual disabilities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and meta-analysis using a random effects model. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Six randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Home or community-based

interventions had a small effect in improving physical activity levels in youth with intellectual disabilities. These effects did not reach statistical significance for physical activity levels (d = 0.33; CI = -0.11 to 0.78; p = 0.14), number of steps per unit of time (d = 0.23; CI = -0.23 to 0.68; p = 0.32), and time spent inactive (d = 0.15; CI = -0.29 to 0.60; p = 0.50).

Conclusion

Home or community-based interventions may be effective in increasing physical activity levels in youth with intellectual disabilities. Further research with homogeneous outcome measures and larger sample sizes need to be conducted to build on the results of this review.

Keywords: Intellectual disability, physical activity, child, adolescent

51 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Impact of an interactive workshop on specialist physiotherapists’ practice when implementing a new clinical care pathway for people with musculoskeletal conditions

Kang, K., Evans, K., Simic, M., Ferreira, P., Bandong, A. N., Coates, S.,

Beales, D., & Rebbeck, T.

To cite this article: �Kang, K., Evans, K., Simic, M., Ferreira, P., Bandong, A. N., Coates, S., Beales, D., & Rebbeck, T. (2022). Impact of an interactive workshop on specialist physiotherapists’ practice when implementing a new clinical care pathway for people with musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 57, 102466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102466

Background

A new pathway of care proposes early comprehensive assessment and targeted management by specialist musculoskeletal clinicians for people with musculoskeletal conditions at risk of poor outcomes. Adoption of this care pathway is likely to be influenced by beliefs and behaviours of specialist musculoskeletal clinicians.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of an interactive educational workshop about the proposed clinical care pathway on knowledge, beliefs and practice of specialist musculoskeletal physiotherapists. Design: Mixed methods.

Method

Fifty specialist musculoskeletal physiotherapists participated in a 2-day interactive educational workshop. Knowledge, beliefs and clinical practice behaviours were assessed immediately before the workshop and 3 months’ later using surveys.

Results

Knowledge about key guideline messages improved and were maintained at follow-up. Most participants agreed to provide more targeted interventions to patients at risk of poor outcome (92%, 95% CI: 81%–98%) and utilise prognostic screening tools (84%, 95% CI: 71 to 93). However, only 56% (95% CI: 39%–68%) of participants believed implementing a shared care pathway was easy. At follow-up, participants’ beliefs were more aligned with the proposed care pathway (i.e., shared care: 83%, 95% CI: 68%–93%). With respect to clinical practice, there were 16% more referrals back to the primary physiotherapist at 3 months than before the workshop. Barriers (practitioner, patient and system factors) to implementation of the care pathway were discussed.

Conclusion

An interactive educational workshop influenced specialist musculoskeletal physiotherapists’ knowledge, beliefs and clinical practice, but barriers need to be overcome to facilitate widespread implementation.

Keywords: Interactive, educational workshop, Specialist musculoskeletal physiotherapist, pathway of care

52 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Canadian occupational performance measure to Filipino

Kang, M. G. D., Perez, K. E. C., Roderos, K. F. M., Genoguin, R. K. M., & Lazaro, R. T.

To cite this article: �Kang, M. G. D., Perez, K. E. C., Roderos, K. F. M., Genoguin, R. K. M., & Lazaro, R. T. (2022). Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Canadian occupational performance measure to Filipino. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 26(Suppl.3), 12-22.�https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/626

Background and Objectives

Person-centered care aims to involve people in making decisions for their health care. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is an easy-to-use functional assessment scale that can facilitate person-centered care. However, cultural nuances and individual differences in English proficiency may affect the administration of the original tool. This study translated and adapted the COPM to Filipino.

Methodology

Two translators independently translated the COPM to Filipino. A multidisciplinary expert panel reviewed the translations and composed an initial Filipino version. The initial Filipino version was translated back to the source language. A second expert panel meeting produced a pre-final Filipino version of the tool. Pre-test and cognitive interviews followed, and revisions were made to generate a final version of the tool.

Results

The expert panel discussed issues such as preservation of the original thought, understandability to the local population, consistency with the terms used, and avoidance of redundancy during the evaluation of the proposed translations. Meanwhile, analysis of cognitive interviews revealed that despite the issues encountered in some of the translated words, the participants found the adapted version to be generally understandable and easy to follow. The semi-structured interview format also allowed elaborated assessment and goal setting for self-care, productivity, and leisure.

Conclusion

Findings of this study suggest the potential usefulness of the Filipino version of the COPM in further facilitating person-centered goal-setting in the Filipino context. Future studies are warranted to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument for use in specific client groups, conditions, or settings.

Keywords: Canadian occupational performance measure, Filipino COPM

53 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Ethical issues in the use of smartphone apps for HIV prevention in Malaysia: Focus group study with men

who have sex with men

Khati, A., Wickersham, J. A., Rosen, A. O., Luces, J. R. B., Copenhaver, N., Jeri-Wahrhaftig, A., Ab Halim, M. A., Azwa, I., Gautam, K., Ooi, K. H., & Shrestha, R.

To cite this article: �Khati, A., Wickersham, J. A., Rosen, A. O., Luces, J. R. B., Copenhaver, N., Jeri-Wahrhaftig, A., Ab Halim, M. A., Azwa, I., Gautam, K., Ooi, K. H., & Shrestha, R. (2022). Ethical issues in the use of smartphone apps for HIV prevention in Malaysia: Focus group study with men who have sex with men. �JMIR Formative Research, 6(12), e42939. https://doi.org/10.2196/42939

Background

The use of smartphone apps can improve the HIV prevention cascade for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). In Malaysia, where stigma and discrimination toward MSM are high, mobile health app-based strategies have the potential to open new frontiers for HIV prevention. However, little guidance is available to inform researchers about the ethical concerns that are unique to the development and implementation of app-based HIV prevention programs.

Objective

This study aimed to fill this gap by characterizing the attitudes and concerns of Malaysian MSM regarding HIV prevention mobile apps, particularly regarding the ethical aspects surrounding their use.

Methods

We conducted web-based focus group discussions with 23 MSM between August and September 2021. Using in-depth semistructured interviews, participants were asked about the risks and ethical issues they perceived to be associated with using mobile apps for HIV prevention. Each session was digitally recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were inductively coded using the Dedoose software (SocioCultural Research Consultants) and analyzed to identify and interpret emerging themes.

Results

Although participants were highly willing to use app-based strategies for HIV prevention, they raised several ethical concerns related to their use. Prominent concerns raised by participants included privacy and confidentiality concerns, including fear of third-party access to personal health information (eg, friends or family and government agencies), issues around personal health data storage and management, equity and equitable access, informed consent, and regulation.

Conclusions

The study’s findings highlight the role of ethical concerns related to the use of app-based HIV prevention programs. Given the ever-growing nature of such technological platforms that are intermixed with a complex ethical-legal landscape, mobile health platforms must be safe and secure to minimize unintended harm, safeguard user privacy and confidentiality, and obtain public trust and uptake.

Keywords: HIV, mobile health, mHealth, mobile app, HIV prevention, men who have sex with men, privacy, confidentiality, Malaysia, mobile apps, ethics, focus group, implementation,

user privacy, mobile phone

54 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Publishing research study protocols in the Philippine journal of physical therapy

Lazaro, R., Vitente, A., Rotor, E., Escuadra, C., & Regino, J.

To cite this article: �Lazaro, R., Vitente, A., Rotor, E., Escuadra, C., & Regino, J. (2022) Publishing research study protocols in the Philippine journal of physical therapy. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy, 1(3), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.46409/002.KYCQ4179

Several months ago, the Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy (PhJPT) editorial team approved the inclusion of research study protocols as a publishable manuscript category in PhJPT. Readers will see study protocols published in our journal starting with this issue. Currently, PhJPT will consider research protocols of any study design, however the journal requires ethics approval of the protocol to be considered for review. Additional guidelines regarding submission of research protocols can be found in the PhJPT website.

What exactly are research study protocols? This type of scholarly work provides documentation of an investigator’s detailed research plan, and allows the study authors to clearly articulate the study’s rationale, methods, and plan for statistical analyses (Godlee, 2001). Study protocols are also known as “research proposals” which may be a more common term for readers who have taken a research methods class. An increasing number of scientific journals are publishing research study protocols, including those that publish literature related to rehabilitation and physical therapy practice (Ohtake & Childs, 2014).

So why publish study protocols? There are several justifications for publishing such papers. In the Philippine setting, one of the most important reasons is to inform the physical therapy community of research that is currently being conducted. This could apprise the entire readership of the ongoing priorities that affect clinical and academic practice in the Philippines. Awareness of what is currently being investigated will provide the opportunity for investigators to collaborate on scholarly work and avoid unnecessary duplication of studies (Eysenbach, 2004; Godlee, 2001) or to identify possible research areas of collaboration between researchers or organizations, further enriching the breadth and depth of the eventual scholarly products (Allen et al., 2014).

55 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Integration of geriatric content in entry-level physical therapy education in the Philippines: a pilot study

Perez, C. D. A.

To cite this article: �Perez, C. D. A. (2022). Integration of geriatric content in entry-level physical therapy education in the Philippines: a pilot study. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy, 1(2), 24-40.�https://doi.org/10.46409/002.ZJUE7851

Introduction

Physical therapy (PT) practice is expected to dynamically respond to the growing needs of older adults. Currently, there is paucity in meeting the demands of the aging Filipino population that may be limited to the status of undergraduate PT education. To date there are no known systematically analyzed data that explores the breadth of geriatric content in the local BSPT programs. This study aimed to describe the integration of geriatric-related content in the pre-clinical and clinical entry-level PT curricula.

Methods

Descriptive cross-sectional research design using survey instrument was conducted among heads and PT educators in higher educational institution and health care institutions located in the National Capital Region, Philippines from December 2015 to March 2016.

Results

Fifty-two responses from a total of 87 physical therapists were included in data analysis after screening. Many of the participants (>50%) determined that pre-clinical and clinical geriatric-related PT competencies were always (81-100% of the time) and often (61-80% of the time) taught. Among pre-clinical and clinical competencies, clinical attitudinal skills were the most taught. Clinical practical skills, pre-clinical practical skills, and pre-clinical knowledge competencies were never taught (0-20% of the time). Majority of the participants (93.3%) perceive the importance of integrating geriatric PT-related content in the curriculum but, only 65.8% perceive that the integration is sufficient.

Discussion

The integration of geriatric-focused content on psychosocial changes with aging, multifactorial conditions, airway clearance techniques, use of best available evidence, interprofessional collaboration, and on clinical training is sufficient despite its importance. The incongruity may be influenced by lack of intentional exposure and role-modeling to students. The study findings should be interpreted with caution because of low sample size. Further research is recommended to understand the depth of integration of geriatric-related content in entry-level PT programs in the Philippines.

Keywords: Education, physical therapy, geriatric

56 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of the Filipino version of the attitude to disability scale

Perez, K. E. C., Lunar, F. R. M., Ignacio, M. L. S., & Palad, Y. Y.

To cite this article: �Perez, K. E. C., Lunar, F. R. M., Ignacio, M. L. S., & Palad, Y. Y. (2022). Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of the Filipino version of the attitude to disability scale. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 26(Suppl.3), 23-32.�https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/627

Background

Negative attitudes towards disability must be addressed to promote better quality of life for Filipino persons with disability, but measures to identify these attitudes are not available in the local context. The World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Disability Group's Attitude to Disability Scale (ADS) was identified to be a promising tool for this due to the participatory and cross-cultural approach used for its development and its good psychometric properties.

Objectives

This study aimed to culturally adapt the ADS – Physical Disability forms to Filipino. The study also aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the translated forms.

Methodology

The translation process followed recommendations from literature and WHO. The translated forms were pre-tested on 12 Filipino participants with similar profiles to target users to refine the translated forms. Data collection on 362 participants in Metro Manila and surrounding provinces was conducted to evaluate internal consistency of the forms using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Ninety-seven participants underwent retesting to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the translated forms using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).

Results

The translation process ensured semantic and conceptual equivalence with the original form and experiential appropriateness for Filipino use. Both translated forms demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.67 to 0.82). ICC estimates suggest poor to moderate test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.220 to 0.705).

Conclusion

The ADS - Physical Disability forms were culturally adapted to Filipino and were found to reliably measure attitudes towards disability of Filipinos, save for some improvements for test-retest reliability. Further studies are also recommended to ascertain the forms' validity.

Keywords: ADS, negative attitude, adaptation, reliability, Filipino, disability

57 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Economic evaluation of physical activity mass media campaigns across the globe: a systematic review

Pinheiro, M. B., Howard, K., Sherrington, C., Bauman, A., Costa, N., Smith, B. J., Bellew, W., Ding, D. Tiedemann, A., Wang, B., Santos, A. C., Bull, F., Willumsen, J., Albuquerque, A., Lunar, F. R., Bapat, V., & Norris, S. K.

To cite this article: �Pinheiro, M. B., Howard, K., Sherrington, C., Bauman, A., Costa, N., Smith, B. J., Bellew, W., Ding, D. Tiedemann, A., Wang, B., Santos, A. C., Bull, F., Willumsen, J., Albuquerque, A., Lunar, F. R., Bapat, V., & Norris, S. K. (2022). Economic evaluation of physical activity mass media campaigns across the globe: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 19(107), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01340-x

Background

Physical activity mass media campaigns can deliver physical activity messages to many people, but it remains unclear whether they offer good value for money. We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and costs of physical activity mass media campaigns.

Methods

A search for economic evaluations (trial- or model-based) and costing studies of physical activity mass media campaigns was performed in six electronic databases (June/2021). The authors reviewed studies independently. A GRADE style rating was used to assess the overall certainty of each modelled economic evaluation. Results were summarised via narrative synthesis.

Results

Twenty-five studies (five model-based economic evaluations and 20 costing studies) were included, and all were conducted in high-income countries except for one costing study that was conducted in a middle-income country. The methods and assumptions used in the model-based analyses were highly heterogeneous and the results varied, ranging from the intervention being more effective and less costly (dominant) in two models to an incremental cost of US$130,740 (2020 base year) per QALY gained. The level of certainty of the models ranged from very low (n = 2) to low (n = 3). Overall, intervention costs were poorly reported.

Conclusions

There are few economic evaluations of physical activity mass media campaigns available. The level of certainty of the models was judged to be very low to low, indicating that we have very little to little confidence that the results are reliable for decision making. Therefore, it remains unclear to what extent physical activity mass media campaigns offer good value for money. Future economic evaluations should consider selecting appropriate and comprehensive measures of campaign effectiveness, clearly report the assumptions of the models and fully explore the impact of assumptions in the results.

Keywords: Mass media campaign, physical activity, cost-effectiveness, economic evaluation, systematic review

58 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Promoting physical activity among children and adolescents with disabilities: The translation of policy

to practice internationally

Sit, C., Aubert, S., Carty, C., Silva, D. A. S., López-Gil, J. F., Asunta, P., Palad, Y., Guisihan, R., Lee, J., Arbour Nicitopoulos, K. P., Vanderloo, L. M., Stanish, H., Haegele, J., Urbański, P. K., Pozeriene, J., Hutzler, Y., & Ng, K.

To cite this article: �Sit, C., Aubert, S., Carty, C., Silva, D. A. S., López-Gil, J. F., Asunta, P., Palad, Y., Guisihan, R., Lee, J., Arbour Nicitopoulos, K. P., Vanderloo, L. M., Stanish, H., Haegele, J., Urbański, P. K., Pozeriene, J., Hutzler, Y., & Ng, K. (2022). Promoting physical activity among children and adolescents with disabilities: The translation of policy to practice internationally. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 19(11), 758–768. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2022-0351

Background

Physical inactivity among children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD) is a global public health issue. Policy efforts to promote physical activity (PA) among CAWD have increased. This study summarizes the international policy trend for promoting PA among CAWD, with behavioral and policy insights specific to CAWD from country/regional indicators from the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Matrix on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents to determine policy translation into practice.

Methods

International and national PA policy documents on CAWD were assessed. Data from the Global Matrix Para Report Cards on the behavioral and government indicators from 14 countries or regions (grouped by human development index) were reviewed and compared.

Results

Policy instruments began promoting PA for CAWD in 1989 via the Convention on the Rights of the Child. International policy has been advocating PA specifically for CAWD recently. In 2020, the World Health Organization published specific PA guidelines for CAWD. Data from the 14 Para Report Car found 14 grades on the average behavioral indicator and 12 on the government indicator. A gap between the average behavioral indicator (D−) and the government indicator (C+) was found in the Para Report Card data.

Conclusions

Although international policies are consistent in their attention to the needs of CAWD, national/regional policies vary. Coverage ranges from nonexistent to embedded in broader inclusion concepts. A gap in policies to promote PA of CAWD is prevalent and is more prominent in countries or regions with a lower human development index ranking.

Keywords: Global matrix, report card, government indicator, youth, special educational needs, human rights

59 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Filipino attitudes to disability scale (Fil-ADS(D)): Factor structure validation and an assessment of Filipino attitudes

Palad, Y., Ignacio, M. L., Genoguin, R. K., Perez, K. E., & Lunar, F. R.

To cite this article: �Palad, Y., Ignacio, M. L., Genoguin, R. K., Perez, K. E., & Lunar, F. R. (2021). Filipino attitudes to disability scale (Fil-ADS(D)): Factor structure validation and an assessment of Filipino attitudes. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 23(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.758

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural validity of the Filipino version of the Attitude to Disability Scale Physical Disability (Fil-ADS(D)) forms and to describe Filipinos’ disability attitudes and its correlations with sociodemographic factors.

Methods

Personal and general Fil-ADS(D) forms were distributed to Filipino persons with disability and general adult population, respectively, for self-administration. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess cross-cultural validity of Fil-ADS(D). Fil-ADS(D) score correlations with age, education, and financial situation were explored through Spearman rank correlation analysis; correlations with sex, employment, and health and disability status were explored through point-biserial correlation analysis.

Results

Factor structure of the original ADS was retained in the Fil-ADS(D) forms making it cross-culturally valid. The forms are valuable for generating information for improving attitudinal barriers and for cross-cultural comparisons. Positive attitudes among respondents and significant yet weak correlation with age and occupation were found.

Keywords: Inclusion, discrimination, participation, quality of life, cross-cultural validity,

factor analysis

60 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Increased GABA+ in people with migraine, headache, and pain cnditions - A potential marker of pain

Peek, A. L., Leaver, A. M., Foster, S., Oeltzschner, G., Puts, N. A., Galloway, G., Sterling, M., Ng, K., Refshauge, K., Aguila, M. E. R., & Rebbeck, T.

To cite this article: �Peek, A. L., Leaver, A. M., Foster, S., Oeltzschner, G., Puts, N. A., Galloway, G., Sterling, M., Ng, K., Refshauge, K., Aguila, M. E. R., & Rebbeck, T. (2021). Increased GABA+ in people with migraine, headache, and pain cnditions - A potential marker of pain. The Journal of Pain, 22(12), 1631–1645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2021.06.005

Treatment outcomes for migraine and other chronic headache and pain conditions typically demonstrate modest results. A greater understanding of underlying pain mechanisms may better inform treatments and improve outcomes. Increased GABA+ has been identified in recent studies of migraine, however, it is unclear if this is present in other headache, and pain conditions. We primarily investigated GABA+ levels in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) of people with migraine, whiplash-headache and low back pain compared to age- and sex-matched controls, GABA+ levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus formed secondary aims. Using a cross-sectional design, we studied people with migraine, whiplash-headache or low back pain (n = 56) and compared them with a pool of age- and sex-matched controls (n = 22). We used spectral-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T (MEGA-PRESS) to determine levels of GABA+ in the PCG, ACC and thalamus. PCG GABA+ levels were significantly higher in people with migraine and low back pain compared with controls (eg, migraine 4.89 IU § 0.62 vs controls 4.62 IU § 0.38; P = .02). Higher GABA+ levels in the PCG were not unique to migraine and could reflect a mechanism of chronic pain in general. A better understanding of pain at a neurochemical level informs the development of treatments that target aberrant brain neurochemistry to improve patient outcomes.

Perspective

This study provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain. Higher levels of GABA+ in the PCG may reflect an underlying mechanism of chronic headache and pain conditions. This knowledge may help improve patient outcomes through developing treatments that specifically address this aberrant brain neurochemistry.

Keywords: Pain, GABA+, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS, 1-HMRS.

61 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Clients with genetic and developmental problems

Shen, E., Rotor, E. R., & Conolly, B. H.

To cite this book chapter: �Shen, E., Rotor, E. R., & Conolly, B. H. (2021). Clients with genetic and developmental problems. In Lazaro, R.T., Umphred, D.A. (Eds) Umphred’s Neurorehabilitation for the Physical Therapist Assistant, 3rd Edition, 211-252. SLACK.

Objectives

Describe genetic conditions with neuro-developmental concerns that are commonly referred to physical therapy
Identify and discuss children with developmental problems that may or may not be related to genetics�Describe clinical features that affect motor development and movement
Identify tests and measures that are used in examination
Identify physical therapy strategies to address motor and movement issues
Discuss essential features when working with children with genetic conditions and/or developmental problems, including early intervention and working in collaboration with other professionals and programs that work with these children through childhood.

Keywords: Chromosomal disorders, genetics, mitochondrial disorders, movement dysfunctions, multifactorial disorders, neuro-developmental condition,

single-gene disorders

62 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Clinimetric properties of self-reported disability scales for whiplash: a systematic review for the whiplash

core outcome set (CATWAD)

Griffin, A. R., Leaver, A. M., Arora, M., Walton, D. M., Peek, A., Bandong, A. N.,

Sterling, M., & Rebbeck, T.

To cite this article: �Griffin, A. R., Leaver, A. M., Arora, M., Walton, D. M., Peek, A., Bandong, A. N., Sterling, M., & Rebbeck, T. (2021). Clinimetric properties of self-reported disability scales for whiplash: a systematic review for the whiplash core outcome set (CATWAD). The Clinical Journal of Pain, 37(10), 766–787. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000968

Objectives

A core outcomes set (COS) for whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) has been proposed to improve consistency of outcome reporting in clinical trials. Patient-reported disability was one outcome of interest within this COS. The aim of this review was to identify the most suitable tools for measuring self-reported disability in WAD based on clinimetric performance.

Methods

Database searches took place in 2 stages. The first identified outcome measures used to assess self-reported disability in WAD, and the second identified studies assessing the clinimetric properties of these outcome measures in WAD. Data on the study, population and outcome measure characteristics were extracted, along with clinimetric data. Quality and clinimetric performance were assessed in accordance with the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN).

Results

Of 19,663 records identified in stage 1 searches, 32 were retained following stage 2 searches and screening. Both the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire and Neck Disability Index performed well in reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.84 to 0.98), construct validity (74% to 82% of hypotheses accepted), and responsiveness (majority of correlations in accordance with hypotheses). Both received Category B recommendations due to a lack of evidence for content validity.

Discussion

This review identified the Neck Disability Index and Whiplash Disability Questionnaire as the most appropriate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for assessing self-reported disability in WAD based on moderate to high-quality evidence for sufficient reliability, construct validity and responsiveness. However, the content validity of these PROMs has yet to be established in WAD, and until this is undertaken, it is not possible to recommend 1 PROM over the other for inclusion in the WAD COS.

Keywords: Patient outcome assessment, patient-reported outcome, patient-reported outcome measures, research design, whiplash injuries

63 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Comparison of two circuit class therapy programs on walking capacity, gait velocity and stair ambulation among patients with chronic stroke: A parallel pretest-posttest pilot study

Mendoza, K. G., Aguila, M. E. R., Alfonso, F. C. S., Alfonso, M. G. T., Elmi, K. D.,

& Gorgon, E. J. R.

To cite this article: �Mendoza, K. G., Aguila, M. E. R., Alfonso, F. C. S., Alfonso, M. G. T., Elmi, K. D., & Gorgon, E. J. R. (2020). Comparison of two circuit class therapy programs on walking capacity, gait velocity and stair ambulation among patients with chronic stroke: A parallel pretest-posttest pilot study. Acta Medica Philippina, 55(4), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.2434

Objective

Circuit class therapy is a cost-efficient model of treatment that can be beneficial in a setting with limited resources. Current literature has conflicting results regarding which is a more effective approach to stroke rehabilitation: focusing on functional training or on improving impairments. This pilot study provides preliminary information comparing the effects of a task-oriented versus an impairment-focused circuit class therapy on walking ability among patients with chronic stroke.

Method

Eighteen participants with a single episode of chronic stroke and limited mobility were randomized into task-oriented circuit class (task group) (n=9) and impairment-focused circuit class (impairment group) (n=9). Both groups underwent intervention thrice a week for four weeks. Blind examination was done using the Ten Meter Walk Test for comfortable gait velocity (CGV) and fast gait velocity (FGV), Time Up and Down Stairs (TUDS), and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT).

Results

All participants completed the treatment sessions without adverse effects. After four weeks of treatment, the task group showed statistically significant within-group change in CGV (0.12±0.08, p=0.003) and FGV (0.25±0.22, p=0.007). The impairment group only showed statistically significant improvement in 6MWT (25.80±31.2, p=0.038). There were no statistically significant changes between the groups in all outcome measures.

Conclusions

The preliminary data from this pilot study suggest either program can improve walking-related outcomes and may not be different, although this needs to be confirmed using an appropriately-powered trial.

Keywords: Chronic stroke, circuit-based exercise, task-oriented training, impairment-focused treatment, walking capacity, gait velocity, stair ambulation

64 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

The timed up-&-go test: Preliminary age- and sex-related reference values for older Filipino adults

Gorgon, E. J. R.

To cite this article: �Gorgon, E. J. R. (2020). The timed up-&-go test: Preliminary age- and sex-related reference values for older Filipino adults. Acta Medica Philippina, 54(5), 485-489. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v54i5.2224

Objective

The Timed Up-&-Go Test (TUGT) is a clinically useful measure that has been widely used in practice to assess functional mobility in older people. Interpretation of TUGT scores relies on appropriate reference values. This study aimed to describe preliminary age- and sex-related reference values for the TUGT for Filipinos aged 60–79 years.

Methods

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. We included Filipino adults aged 60–79 years, with no significant disability, and resided in metropolitan areas in the National Capital Region and rural communities in southern Luzon. All participants completed the TUGT. Data were analyzed descriptively and reported as means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 156 community-dwelling older adults participated in the study with mean age (SD) of 68 (5) years. The majority were women (103/156, 66%). Mean (SD) TUGT score for all participants was 11.0 (2.4) seconds. Overall, men completed the test faster compared to women, and individuals in the 60–69 years age group had shorter completion times than those in the 70–79 years age group.

Conclusion

In the absence of definitive reference values for older Filipino adults, this study provides preliminary guidance for interpreting TUGT performance for the purposes of screening and monitoring functional mobility impairments in this population.

Keywords: Aging, developing countries, functional mobility, geriatric assessment, normative data, rehabilitation

65 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Brain GABA and glutamate levels across pain conditions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies using the MRS-Q quality assessment tool

Peek, A. L., Rebbeck, T., Puts, N. A., Watson, J., Aguila, M. E. R., & Leaver, A. M.

To cite this article: �Peek, A. L., Rebbeck, T., Puts, N. A., Watson, J., Aguila, M. E. R., & Leaver, A. M. (2020). Brain GABA and glutamate levels across pain conditions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies using the MRS-Q quality assessment tool. NeuroImage, 210, 116532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116532

Background

A proposed mechanism of chronic pain is dysregulation between the main inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) neurometabolites of the central nervous system. The level of these neurometabolites appears to differ in individual studies of people with pain compared to pain-free controls across different pain conditions. However, this has yet to be systematically investigated.

Aims�To establish whether GABA, glutamate, glutamine and Glx levels differ across pain conditions when compared to pain-free controls.

Methods

Five databases were searched. Studies were included if they investigated: 1) A pain condition compared to control. 2) Reported GABA, glutamate, glutamine or glutamate/glutamine level. 3) Used 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Prospero Project ID CRD42018092170). Data extracted included neurometabolite level, pain diagnosis, and spectroscopy parameters. Meta-analyses were conducted to establish the difference in neurometabolite level between participants with pain and pain-free controls for different pain conditions. The MRS-Q was developed from existing clinical consensus to allow for the assessment of quality in the included studies.

Results

Thirty-five studies were included investigating combinations of migraine (n ¼ 11), musculoskeletal pain (n ¼ 8), chronic pain syndromes (n ¼ 9) and miscellaneous pain (n ¼ 10). Higher GABA levels were found in participants with migraine compared to controls (Hedge's G 0.499, 95%CI: 0.2 to 0.798). In contrast, GABA levels in musculoskeletal pain conditions (Hedge's G 0.189, 95%CI: 0.530 to 0.153) and chronic pain syndromes (Hedge's G 0.077, 95%CI: 1.612 to 1.459) did not differ from controls. Results for other brain neurometabolites revealed significantly higher levels for glutamate in participants with migraine and Glx in chronic pain syndromes compared to controls.

Conclusion

These results support the theory that underlying neurometabolite levels may be unique in different pain conditions and therefore representative of biomarkers for specific pain conditions.

Keywords: Pain, biomarker, MR spectroscopy, GABA, glutamate, glutamine

66 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Physical therapists’ evidence-based practice profile and perspectives of entry-level EBP education: a mixed methods study in the Philippines

Rotor, E. R., Palad, Y. Y., Cayco, C. S., Perez, K., Tiu, C., & Gorgon, E.

To cite this article: �Rotor, E. R., Palad, Y. Y., Cayco, C. S., Perez, K., Tiu, C., & Gorgon, E. (2020). Physical therapists’ evidence-based practice profile and perspectives of entry-level EBP education: a mixed methods study in the Philippines. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 38(10), 1407–1418. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2020.1849477

Background and Purpose

Inclusion of evidence-based practice (EBP) in entry-level physical therapy (PT) curricula is meant to develop the necessary competencies for better EBP uptake in clinical practice. This study aimed to: 1) determine the practice, knowledge, and values for EBP of the graduates of an entry-level PT curriculum with EBP education; 2) compare graduates’ EBP practice profile to their EBP knowledge and values; and 3) explore their views on their EBP education and how EBP education influenced their practice.

Methods

A convergent parallel design was used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The Evidence-based Practice Profile - 2 (EBP2) questionnaire was used for quantitative data. Focus group discussions and open-ended questions in the EBP2 were sources for qualitative data.

Results

Seventy-seven completed the questionnaire and eight participated in focus group discussions. Participants scored highest for Relevance domain (standardized mean = 75.3) and lowest for Practice (standardized mean = 45.5). Three themes, ‘Positive impact of EBP education,’ ‘Realities of PT clinical practice, and ‘Strategies to improve EB education’ were derived. Data integration confirmed findings that graduates have good knowledge, value for, and confidence in doing EBP.

Discussion and Conclusion

Findings suggest that early EBP education led to adequate knowledge, confidence, and positive attitudes, but practice barriers hinder EBP uptake. The medical model of service delivery was identified as a factor that influences EBP use. There is a need to revisit the EBP education program to complement real-world demands.

Keywords: Evidence-based practice, physical therapy education, mixed methods, Philippines

67 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

An interactive website for whiplash management (my whiplash navigator): process evaluation of

design and implementation

Bandong, A. N., Mackey, M., Leaver, A., Ingram, R., Sterling, M., Ritchie, C.,

Kelly, J., & Rebbeck, T.

To cite this article: �Bandong, A. N., Mackey, M., Leaver, A., Ingram, R., Sterling, M., Ritchie, C., Kelly, J., & Rebbeck, T. (2019). An interactive website for whiplash management (my whiplash navigator): process evaluation of design and implementation. JMIR formative research, 3(3), e12216. �https://doi: 10.2196/12216

Background

Whiplash is a health and economic burden worldwide. Contributing to this burden is poor guideline adherence and variable management by health care professionals (HCPs). Web-based tools that facilitate clinical pathways of care are an innovative solution to improve management.

Objective

The study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a Web-based tool to support whiplash management following a robust process.

Methods

This study followed the first 3 processes of a research translation framework (idea generation, feasibility, and efficacy) to inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of a website that supports HCPs in whiplash management. Development followed the idea generation and feasibility processes to inform the content, design, features, and functionality of the website. This involved stakeholder (eg, industry partners, website developers, and HCPs) consultations through face-to-face meetings, surveys, and focus group discussions. Implementation followed the feasibility process to determine the practicality of the website for clinical use and the most effective strategy to promote wider uptake. Implementation strategies included classroom education, educational meetings, educational outreach, reminders, and direct phone contact. The analysis of website use and practicality of implementation involved collection of website metrics. Evaluation followed the feasibility and efficacy processes to investigate the acceptability and extent to which the website assisted HCPs in gaining knowledge about whiplash management. Surveys were conducted among student, primary, and specialist HCPs to explore ease of access, use, and satisfaction with the website, as well as self-rated improvements in knowledge of risk assessment, management, and communication between HCPs. Website logs of specialist management decisions (eg, shared care, specialist care, and referred care) were also obtained to determine actual practice.

Results

The development process delivered an interactive, user-friendly, and acceptable website, My Whiplash Navigator, tailored to the needs of HCPs. A total of 260 registrations were recorded from June 2016 to March 2018, including 175 student, 65 primary, and 20 specialist HCPs. The most effective implementation strategies were classroom education for students (81% uptake, 175/215) and educational meetings for primary HCPs (43% uptake, 47/110). Popular pages visited included advice and exercises and risk assessment. Most HCPs agreed that their knowledge about risk management (79/97, 81%) and exercises (85/97, 88%) improved. The specialists’ most common management decision was shared care, an improvement from a previous cohort. Areas to improve were navigation and access to outcome measures.

Conclusions

A robust process resulted in an innovative, interactive, user-friendly, and acceptable website, the My Whiplash Navigator. Implementation with HCPs was best achieved through classroom education and educational meetings. Evaluation of the website showed improved knowledge and practice to be more consistent with a risk-based clinical care pathway for whiplash. The positive results provide sufficient evidence to scale implementation nationally and involve other target markets such as people with whiplash, insurers, and insurance regulators.

Keywords: Primary health care, whiplash injuries, clinical decision support, clinical pathways, rehabilitation

68 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to improve motor outcomes in older adults with chronic stroke

Cayco, C. S., Gorgon, E. J. R., & Lazaro, R. T.

To cite this article: �Cayco, C. S., Gorgon, E. J. R., & Lazaro, R. T. (2019). Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to improve motor outcomes in older adults with chronic stroke. Neurosciences. 24 (1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2019.1.20180322

This case series described changes in motor outcomes across 4 cases of older adults (mean age – 64.75) with chronic stroke (>6 months) after implementation of a 6-week proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-based program. Findings of this study were compared with a previously reported case. At baseline, all cases presented with motor impairments that increased their fall risk such as impaired balance, lower extremity strength, and mobility. Outcomes were measured using the Mini-BESTest, posturography, 5 times sit-to-stand test, upright motor control test, and 10-meter walk test. All cases completed 1 hour of therapy 3 times a week for 6 consecutive weeks at a university-based outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Positive outcomes in balance, strength, and mobility were seen in all cases. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation can modify motor outcomes to decrease fall risk in older people with chronic stroke. Chronicity of stroke, age, and co-morbidities may influence the degree of improvements expected in these motor outcomes.

69 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Aging, Dementia, and Disorders of Cognition

Gorgon, E. J. and Basco, M. D.

To cite this book chapter: �Gorgon, E. J. and Basco, M. D. (2019) Aging, Dementia, and Disorders of Cognition. In R. T. Lazaro, S. G. Reina-Guerra & M. U. Quiben (Eds.) Umphred’s Neurological �Rehabilitation 7th Ed., 799-822. SLACK.

Objectives

Define the basic terminology and discuss the prevalence of cognitive disturbances seen in older persons.
Describe normative changes in brain function with normal aging and their relevance to the diagnose of delirium and dementia.
Discuss how symptoms are altered with normal aging (specifically related to the Arndt-Schulz principle, law of initial values and hormonal biorhythms) for an individual.
Describe sensory changes with aging and how they alter a person’s overall ability to adapt to stress.
Describe how (and for what type of patient) to use the Mini-Mental State Examination as part of the physical or occupational therapy examination.
Describe common sensory changes with dementia and Implications for adapting physical or occupational therapy rehabilitation and intervention.
Discuss common changes in learning styles with aging and implications for adapting physical or occupational therapy intervention to enhance patient’s ability to perform at their highest functional level.
Describe how environmental design and ergonomics can enhance patient performance in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living.
Describe strategy to evaluate a patient’s emotional capacity to participate in a learning task and its clinical relevance to both occupational and physical therapy outcomes.
Describe criteria for delirium and reversible dementia and sample strategies for modifying evaluation and treatment procedures.
Discuss symptoms and disease progression in irreversible dementia.
Discuss the therapist’s role on the treatment team in educating key caregivers and support personnel and sample training strategies.
Discuss treatment skills that are helpful in working with persons who have irreversible dementia
Describe research activities and new findings that affect physical evaluation and treatment of the patient with dementia or delirium.

70 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Mobility performance among community-dwelling older Filipinos who lived in urban and rural settings:

A preliminary study

Lunar, F. R., Marquez, J. P., Quianzon, F. K., Policarpio, B. J., Santelices, L. A., Velasco, M. K., Quinto, R. J., & Gorgon, E. J.

To cite this article: �Lunar, F. R., Marquez, J. P., Quianzon, F. K., Policarpio, B. J., Santelices, L. A., Velasco, M. K., Quinto, R. J., & Gorgon, E. J. (2019). Mobility performance among community-dwelling older Filipinos who lived in urban and rural settings: A preliminary study. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 39(2), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013702519500082

Background

The impact of residential setting on the performance of older adults on commonly used

instruments of mobility has not been closely investigated.

Objective

This study aimed to (1) explore whether mobility test performance differed between those who

lived in urban and rural communities, and (2) report preliminary reference values for these tests according to residential setting.

Methods

The study used a descriptive design. Individuals who were aged 60 years and above, had no

significant disability, and resided in urban and rural areas in the Philippines (n ¼ 180), participated in the study. Researchers measured mobility performance using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) (both comfortable gait velocity (CGV) and fast gait velocity (FGV)), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST), and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Preliminary reference values for the mobility tests were presented as means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals. Scores were compared based on residential setting (urban versus rural).

Results

Urban-dwellers scored consistently better compared to their rural counterparts on the CGV, FGV,

FTSST, and 6MWT using independent samples t-test (p < 0:001). Data were further divided according to age and sex, and comparison of the mobility test scores between urban- and rural-dwellers within each subgroup showed similar differences (p < 0:01).

Conclusion

Results provide preliminary evidence for the influence of residential setting on the mobility test performance of Filipino older adults. The study provides a good starting point for confirmatory research with a representative sample to (1) illustrate differences in mobility performance according to residential setting, (2) investigate how specific factors associated with residential settings contribute to differences in mobility performance, and (3) determine the extent to which clinicians should consider an older person's residential setting when interpreting mobility test results.

Keywords: Aged, geriatric assessment, mobility limitation, rural population, urban population, walking.

71 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Using the ServQual scale to measure client satisfaction in a rehabilitation teaching clinic in the Philippines

Mendoza, K. G.

To cite this article: �Mendoza, K. G. (2019). Using the ServQual scale to measure client satisfaction in a rehabilitation teaching clinic in the Philippines. �Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 22(4), 17-27.�https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/249

Background�Teaching clinics provide low-cost health programs while offering valuable learning opportunities for student clinicians, which then contributes to increasing health care accessibility. To date, there is a paucity of literature exploring the satisfaction of patient seen in rehabilitation teaching clinics in developing countries. The Service Quality (ServQual) Scale is a valid and reliable tool that has been used to measure client satisfaction in different work settings and industries.

Objectives�The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of ServQual in measuring the satisfaction of clients in a rehabilitation teaching clinic in a developing country.

Methodology�A cross-sectional survey was conducted for three months among CTS-AA (Clinic for Therapy Services- Adult and Adolescent Section) clients who are at least 18 years old; have attended at least three sessions; and can read. Prior to administration in CTS-AA, the ServQual scale was translated to Filipino, validated and pilot tested for reliability.

Results�Thirty-two respondents were included in the analysis. there was no statistically significant difference between the expectation and the perceptions of the clients for the domains of reliability (z=1.799, p=0.0721), responsiveness (z=0.839, p=0.4013), assurance (z=1.914, p=0.0556) and empathy (z=1.772, p=0.0764). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the clients' perception and expectation for tangibles (z=4.117, p<0.0001) and between the overall client perception and expectation (z=4.086, p<0.0001). The overall ServQual score for CTS-AA is -0.3782.

Conclusion�The ServQual has been shown to be useful in assessing the satisfaction of clients in rehabilitation clinics and the specific areas that needs improvement. The tool can still be further improved by including items on cost, relationship of students with supervisors and outcomes of treatment.

Keywords: Client satisfaction, Service Quality Scale, ServQual, quality of service, rehabilitation, teaching clinic

72 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Measurement properties of the upright motor control test in adults with subacute stroke

Gelisanga, M. A., & Gorgon, E. J.

To cite this article: �Gelisanga, M. A., & Gorgon, E. J. (2019). Measurement properties of the upright motor control test in adults with subacute stroke. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Journal, 26(1), 18-23, https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2018.1534454

Background

Previous studies have distilled the Upright Motor Control Test Knee Extension and Knee Flexion subscales (UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF, respectively) from the original 6-item instrument and examined these as stand-alone rapid tests of voluntary movement control in the standing position. Systematic review evidence suggests that the UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF may have value in predicting walking ability after stroke.

Objective

To examine the interrater and intrarater reliability, and concurrent validity of the UMCTKE and UMCT-KF, and associations with walking ability in adults with subacute stroke.

Methods

A prospective repeated assessments design was implemented in a rehabilitation department in a public teaching hospital. A consecutive sample of patients with subacute first-time stroke (N = 50; mean age = 51 ± 12 years; 20 females; mean time post-stroke = 68 ± 48 days) completed the study. Three physical therapists independently administered the UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF on two testing occasions 2 days apart (t1 and t2). On t2, a fourth rater administered the Leg subscale of the Motricity Index (MI-Leg) as criterion standard.

Results

The UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF demonstrated substantial to almost perfect interrater and intrarater reliability (W = 0.77–0.95), with lower limits of 95% confidence intervals extending to no lower than the substantial level. Both the UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF showed high correlations with the MI-Leg (ρ = 0.747–0.775) and significant associations with walking ability. p Values for all tests were <0.001.

Conclusions

The UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF are reliable and valid tests for rapidly estimating voluntary movement control of the lower limbs in adults with subacute stroke.

Keywords: Clinimetrics, motor activity, neurorehabilitation, outcome measure, physical therapy, reproducibility of results, stroke rehabilitation

73 of 102

Studies suggest that infants initially show universal discrimination abilities. However, this narrative has

been heavily based on Indo-European languages. It has also been proposed that infants’ speech sound

discrimination is affected by acoustic salience, such that acoustically subtle contrasts are not discriminated until the end of an infant’s first year. Furthermore, others have suggested an influence of

word position and positional frequency in discrimination abilities. In Study 1, we analyzed a child directed corpus of Tagalog and found that the /n/-/ŋ/ contrast is more frequent in the word-final than

word-initial position, which might make the contrast easier to discriminate in the final than initial

position. In three preregistered field psycholinguistic studies, we tested the nasal discrimination

abilities of Tagalog-learning infants in the Philippines (total n = 60) using a habituation task and the

central fixation paradigm. Experiment 1 tested 4- to 6-month-olds’ discrimination of /na/ and /ŋa/, while Experiment 2 tested 10- to 12-month-olds. Experiment 3 tested 4- to 6-month-olds’ discrimination of /an/ and /aŋ/. We found that only the 10- to 12-month-olds showed discrimination of /na/ and /ŋa/. The 4- to 6-month-olds did not show discrimination of the contrast in the word-initial nor in the final position. These results are in line with the acoustic salience account and with previous findings of

studies in Asia showing a late discrimination of native contrasts. We discuss language- and context specific factors that can explain these results.

Keywords: infant speech perception, acoustic salience, phoneme frequency, habituation, Tagalog

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Infants discriminate subtle nasal contrasts late: Evidence from field psycholinguistic experiments on Tagalog-learning infants in the Philippines.Developmental Psychology. Advance online publication

Garcia, R., Valdez, M. C., & Boll-Avetisyan, N

To cite this article: �Garcia, R., Valdez, M. C., & Boll-Avetisyan, N. (2025). Infants discriminate subtle nasal contrasts late: Evidence from field psycholinguistic experiments on Tagalog-learning infants in the Philippines.Developmental Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0002053

74 of 102

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a sudden shift in the delivery of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) services to online platforms such as tele-CBR. Feedback from community partners is important to determine if these services meet their expectations and to inform if adjustments may be needed for future implementation of CBR services using this mode of service delivery. The purpose of the study is to describe the level of client satisfaction of those who received tele-CBR from a university-led CBR program.

Methods

This is a descriptive study using quantitative and qualitative approaches for collecting, analyzing, and integrating information on client satisfaction. Quantitative methods included the review of existing program monitoring forms with numerical ratings. Qualitative methods included key informant interviews of care providers and staff members of a partner organization. The interviews revealed their experiences, challenges, and possible factors affecting the level of satisfaction.

Results

All respondents gave high satisfaction ratings with the services received through tele-CBR. Factors such as continuous access to therapy services, learning from an interdisciplinary team, and convenience reflect the usability and acceptability of tele-CBR. Challenges include lack of reliable internet signal, lack of child engagement, high distractibility, and limitation in socialization.

Discussion

Study participants were positive about the usefulness of the tele-CBR sessions reinforcing better access to vital therapy interventions during the pandemic. The responses suggest the importance of choice in the mode of service delivery. To improve acceptability, respondents highlighted the need to continue engaging carers in both approaches as complementary services. Service recipients and representatives of the partner organization indicated that tele-CBR services were useful, viable, and acceptable. Tele-CBR has the potential to improve equity and access to therapy services.

Keywords: tele-CBR, client satisfaction, teletherapy

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Client satisfaction with tele-community-based rehabilitation services for low resource settings

Garcia, F.D.S., Labro, A., Ching, P.E., & Lazaro, R.T.

To cite this article: �Garcia, F.D.S., Labro, A., Ching, P.E., & Lazaro, R.T. (2024). Client satisfaction with tele-community-based rehabilitation services for low resource settings. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy. 3(3), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.46409/002.JYTW1296

75 of 102

Background

The National Cochlear Implant Program (NCIP) is a national program that addresses the increasing prevalence of hearing loss, especially in the pediatric population here in the Philippines. In its pilot implementation, it included three tertiary hospitals to represent Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, and was able to enroll 20 patients who successfully underwent cochlear implantation (CI).

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the auditory outcomes of the patients who underwent cochlear implantation under the NCIP using the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) Questionnaire and Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) score questionnaire.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study including all recipients of the cochlear implants, under NCIP from December 2019 to December 2021, except one with incomplete data during the course of his follow up. The outcomes measured included the PEACH Questionnaire score and CAP Questionnaire score and were compared on various factors which included patient's sex and age, parents' socioeconomic status, duration of hearing aid use prior to CI, pre-CI imaging findings, and CI electrode placement using nonparametric statistical tests.

Results

The mean PEACH score of the 19 patients was 53.59% ± 12.76% (range: 30% - 75%) while the mean CAP score was 3.16 ± 1.04 (range: 1 - 4.3). Parents of the included patients who have a higher educational background and those in which the electrode was located on the ideal location, scala tympani, have a statistically significant Corresponding author: Nhor Albert C. Robles, MDDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryPhilippine General HospitalUniversity of the Philippines ManilaTaft Avenue, Ermita, Manila 1000, PhilippinesEmail: ncrobles@up.edu.phhigher PEACH score (p-value of 0.017 and 0.012, respectively). In comparing the CAP scores, those who have unremarkable or normal preoperative imaging have a statistically significant higher score (p-value 0.013).

Conclusion

Patients who had normal preoperative imaging, proper placement of electrodes, and those patients with parents belonging to a higher educational background had statistically significant better auditory outcomes after cochlear implantation. Patients who had the cochlear implantation before 36 months of age and hearing aid use of 7 to 18 months prior to cochlear implantation had higher PEACH and CAP scores, however these were not statistically significant. Further studies with a larger sample size is recommended.

Keywords: pediatric hearing loss, cochlear implantation, PEACH score, CAP score

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Auditory Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation among Pediatric Patients under the Philippine National Cochlear Implant Program.

Robles, N. A.C., Chiong, C. M., Velasco, K. J. S., Dela Cruz, A. P. C., Tantoco, M. L. C., Ombao, J. C., Ricalde, R. R., Labra, P. J. P., & Laganao, C. R.D.

To cite this article: �Robles, N. A.C., Chiong, C. M., Velasco, K. J. S., Dela Cruz, A. P. C., Tantoco, M. L. C., Ombao, J. C., Ricalde, R. R., Labra, P. J. P., & Laganao, C. R.D. (2024) Auditory Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation among Pediatric Patients under the Philippine National Cochlear Implant Program. Acta Med Philipp, https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/view/11347

76 of 102

Background

The emerging practice of tele-AAC (telepractice in augmentative and alternative communication) is gaining attention.Mapping existing research is necessary to help guide clinicians, characterize knowledge gaps, and identify future research directions.

Objectives

This study aimed to describe tele-AAC studies' quantity, research characteristics (i.e., rationale, objectives, methodology), and investigated services (i.e., service type, provider, mode, etc.).

Methodology

The scoping review involved four phases (search, selection, extraction, synthesis) and covered published and unpublished studies disseminated between 2002-2021. Information sources searched include 12 databases or repositories and six conference websites. For selection and extraction, two independent reviewers reviewed each document and the team resolved discrepancies by consensus. The extracted data were coded and synthesized quantitatively and narratively.

Results

Thirty unique studies were included. The majority were published (n = 24; 80%), conducted in developed countries (n = 29; 97%), investigated service efficacy (n = 21; 70%) and/or stakeholders experiences (n = 18; 60%), used experimental designs (n = 19; 63%), and involved 2-3 AAC users (n = 10; 33%). The studies focused on training and/or coaching services (n = 19; 63%), high-tech AAC (n = 20; 67%), developmental disabilities (n = 20; 67%), and services provided by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) (n = 15; 50%) or AAC researchers (n = 10; 33%). Most services were synchronous (n = 20; 67%) and home-based (n = 20; 67%).

Conclusion

Telepractice offers multiple, innovative ways to maximize AAC access and outcomes. Although preliminary data are

Keywords: speech-language pathology, augmentative and alternative communication, AAC, telepractice, telehealth, tele-AAC

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

A scoping review of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) telepractice research (2002-2021)

Chua, E. C. K., Manansala, J. R. G., Tee, D. A. G., Lirio, M. J. A., Masa, M. K. P., & Garcia, F. D. S.

To cite this article: �Chua, E. C. K., Manansala, J. R. G., Tee, D. A. G., Lirio, M. J. A., Masa, M. K. P., & Garcia, F. D. S. (2024). A scoping review of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) telepractice research (2002-2021). Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 28(2), 20-33.

https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/743/400

77 of 102

Background

Speech sound disorders (SSD) refer to difficulties in perceiving, mentally representing, and/or articulating speech sounds. In 2018, the Tagalog Sentence Repetition Test (SRT) was developed due to the lack of commercially available local assessment tool for children with suspected SSDs. The SRT had not been validated or piloted yet.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the SRT’s content validity (comprehensiveness, relevance, comprehensibility), ability to successfully elicit the target sounds, and logistically feasibility and flaws.

Methodology

All procedures were conducted online. Three linguists evaluated the comprehensiveness of the sound covered, while 31 Manila Tagalog-speaking (7-21 years old) participated in pilot testing. Post-testing, the children answered a questionnaire to evaluate their familiarity with the sentences’ words (relevance) and the comprehensibility of the test instructions. Content validity was assessed by computing the Content Validity Index (CVI). To see how well the test elicits the target sounds, the number of participants who produces each sound were computed

Results

A CVI of 1.0 was obtained for all aspects of content validity. All targets were produced by almost all the participants, except for the final glottal stop (18/31, 58%). The test administration seemed feasible as participants from all age groups successfully executed the task.

Conclusion

Although the SRT exhibited good content validity, some sentences need to be revised to address sound production issues noted during the pilot. This new version should be re-piloted to 7 to 11-years-olds in-person and via teleconferencing. A manual should also be created to facilitate administration.

Keywords: speech disorders, speech production measurement, speech assessment, articulation assessment, phonological assessment, Tagalog

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Tagalog sentence repetition test: Content validation and pilot testing with Metro Manila speakers aged 7-21

Albert, H.M.D. & Chua, E.C.K.

To cite this article: �Albert, H.M.D. & Chua, E.C.K. (2024) Tagalog sentence repetition test: Content validation and pilot testing with Metro Manila speakers aged 7-21. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 28(1), 18-24.

https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/778/391

78 of 102

Background

Universal newborn hearing screening is mandated in the Philippines through the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Intervention Act of 2009 (RA 9709). Newborn hearing screening (NBHS) centers are required to perform screening tests, compile and submit data on screened newborns, and advise parents on the subsequent steps after NBHS.

Objective.

The study aimed to conduct a survey of the implementation of the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Intervention Program (UNHSIP) in the different regions of the country; and assess the information technology (IT) capabilities of hearing centers.

Methods

Fifty-one NBHS centers across twelve regions were surveyed through on-site inspections in 2016. Data was gathered on the centers’ testing capability, staffing, access to specialists, use of local protocols, connectivity, and IT capabilities.

Results

All surveyed centers followed the recommended protocols of the Manual of Operations of the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Intervention Act of 2009 (RA 9709). Among the 12 regions visited, only five (41.67%) had Category C centers with confirmatory testing and early amplification services as recommended. Majority of facilities (96.1%) were staffed by trained and certified personnel. A small percentage had access to subspecialists such as clinical audiologists (39.2%) and speech-language pathologists (23.5%). All facilities had computer access, but only 58.8% had internet access. Majority (94.1%) of the centers visited were not using the recommended data submission methods, specifically the use of registry cards and the online registry. Only 27.5% of centers had data on newborns who underwent confirmatory testing or early intervention.

Conclusion

Facilities were found to be compliant to NBHS screening protocols and majority complied with certification requirements for staff; but were found to be non-compliant with use of registry cards or the online registry. Majority of centers were able to contact the parents of neonates who did not pass newborn screening, but had no system to track outcomes. Lack of confirmatory and early intervention services in identified areas emphasize the need for development of regional centers. It is recommended that measures to improve the utilization of the online registry are taken.

Keywords: runiversal newborn hearing screening, newborn screening, early hearing detection, intervention

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Implementation of universal newborn hearing screening in the Philippines: A survey of registered newborn hearing centers

Labra, P.J., Mejia, O.A., Ricalde, R., Catangay Ombao, J., Dela Cruz, A.P., Ambrocio, G.M.,

Capistrano, M., & Eugenio, N.

To cite this article: �Labra, P.J., Mejia, O.A., Ricalde, R., Catangay Ombao, J., Dela Cruz, A.P., Ambrocio, G.M., Capistrano, M., & Eugenio, N. (2023) Implementation of universal newborn hearing screening in the Philippines: A survey of registered newborn hearing centers. Acta Med Philipp. 57(9), 15-20 https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/view/4342

79 of 102

Background

The Clinic for Therapy Services (CTS) has considered reverting to face-to-face service delivery due to the downward trend in COVID-19 cases in the Philippines. However, the clinic has yet to investigate the willingness of the clients to this mode as a basis for its effective implementation.

Objectives

The study described the readiness of CTS clients in returning to face-to-face therapy amidst the pandemic. It also discussed the factors affecting readiness based on a survey.

Methods

Fifty-five screened survey responses on the readiness of clients in returning to face-to-face therapy were gathered from January 30 to February 28, 2021. These underwent retrospective data analysis. Eight prospective online key informant interviews were conducted for clarifications in May 2022. This study utilized a descriptive analysis of quantitative categorical variables and a thematic content analysis of qualitative data.

Results

The majority of the respondents (35) stated readiness to attend face-to-face therapy followed by those who answered “No” (11), “Maybe” (5), and others (4). Factors that may have affected readiness included travel, characteristics of face-to-face therapy, health conditions, vaccine, and COVID-19 concerns. Frequently preferred health and safety strategies were the provision of hygiene products, disinfection, limited people inside the clinic, separate therapy areas, and ventilation.

Conclusion

Most of the respondents expressed willingness to receive face-to-face therapy in April or May of 2021. Feasibility of travel and decreased number of COVID-19 cases may have encouraged willingness to attend. Those who were hesitant reported concerns with traveling, characteristics of face-to-face therapy,

health conditions, the COVID-19 situation, and the vaccine.

Keywords: rehabilitation, face-to-face therapy, readiness, COVID-19

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Readiness of clients in returning to face-to-face therapy in an outpatient rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A preliminary study

Ombao, J.C., Perez, C.D.A., Esguerra, A.A.D., Garcia, F.D.S., Lazaro, C.A.A., Longno, M.P., Anwar Bahraq, M.L.J., Gonzales, A.M.R., Leynes, J.A.D., Lu, K.K.F., Recto, M.G.T., Salvador, & M.B.M., Tayag, R.A.D

To cite this article: �Ombao, J.C., Perez, C.D.A., Esguerra, A.A.D., Garcia, F.D.S., Lazaro, C.A.A., Longno, M.P., Anwar Bahraq, M.L.J., Gonzales, A.M.R., Leynes, J.A.D., Lu, K.K.F., Recto, M.G.T., Salvador, & M.B.M., Tayag, R.A.D (2023) Readiness of clients in returning to face-to-face therapy in an outpatient rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A preliminary study. Phil J Health Res Dev. 27(2), 50-65.�https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/735

80 of 102

Rationale/Objective

The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is a self assessment tool that evaluates the patient’s reaction and perception to a vocal disorder. This study aimed to establish, validate and assess the reliability of the Filipino translation of the Voice Handicap Index

10 (FVHI-10).

Methods

The VHI-10 was translated and adapted to the Filipino language and culture with the help of the Sentro ng Wikang Filipino- University of the Philippines Manila. A self-assessment of voice quality and FVHI-10 were performed by the patients and their GRBAS scale scoring was rated by a speech language pathologist. The Spearman’s correlation between the FVHI-10 and the self-assessment and GRBAS scale scores was obtained to test for validity. To evaluate the reliability of the FVHI-10, testing through determining internal consistency was conducted through the use of Chronbach α coefficient, inter-item correlation, item-total correlation and Cronbach α coefficient if tool item was deleted.

Results

Fifty five individuals participated in the study (29 males, 26 females, age range: 30-55 years) with the diagnosis of voice disorder based on complaints of hoarseness or dysphonia and laryngoscopic findings. Convergent validity was confirmed with moderate to strong correlation between the FVHI-10 and self-assessment (r=-.893, p<.05) and GRBAS scale scores (r=.427, p<.05). Reliability as measured through internal consistency was confirmed (Cronbach α=.874) (average ρ<.5) (corrected item-total correlation>0.3) (average inter item correlation=.15-.85).

Conclusion

The FVHI-10 was determined to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be utilized in the assessment of Filipino patients with voice disorders.

Key words: Dysphonia, voice disorder, reliability, validity, voice handicap index-10, quality of life, Philippines

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Validation of the Filipino voice handicap index-10 (FVHI-10

Hernandez, M.L., Atienza, D.C.M., Madrid, D.A.D. & Valdez, M.C.

To cite this article: �Hernandez, M.L., Atienza, D.C.M., Madrid, D.A.D. & Valdez, M.C. (2023) Validation of the Filipino voice handicap index-10 (FVHI-10). Philippine Journal of Surgical Specialties. 78(2), 31-39 https://doi.org/10.61662/PCS_bmye9070

81 of 102

Background and Objective

The University of the Philippines Manila (UPM) subcommittee on students in distress was convened during the COVID-19 pandemic to develop “plans, programs and mechanisms” to deal with students experiencing distress and mental health concerns. This study was conducted as one of the activities of the Subcommittee to inform policy to address the following research objective: to describe the experiences, perceptions, and knowledge of both students and faculty members of UP Manila regarding distress.

Methods

An online survey tool was created using the results from seven online focus group discussions among 20 faculty of UP Manila. The survey was conducted for one month among faculty and students sampled from the seven colleges of UP Manila and the three extension campuses of the Schools of Health Sciences. The different categories which were consistently perceived as important by both faculty and students as well as those with disparity in the perceptions between faculty and students were described and discussed.

Results

A total of 136 faculty (F) and 290 students (S) participated in the study, representing 39% vs 98% (F vs S) of the target sample, respectively. Results showed that among the effects of stressors for students, avoidance of schoolwork (F79 vs S70.3%) and sleep disturbance (F79.4 vs S72.4%), were perceived by both faculty and students as the most frequently perceived response of students to stress. Among the causes of stress, unclear boundaries between school and home (F73.5 vs S63.1%), family duties (F76.5 vs S50.7%), lack of socialization (F89 vs S57.6%), limited recreational activity (F76.5 vs S64.8%), adapting to new ways of socialization (F67.6 vs S53.8%), and internet signal (F99.3 vs S88.3%) were perceived by both faculty and students as the most frequently perceived causes of stress. Among the coping mechanisms, connecting with friends online (F86.8 vs S69.7%), listening to music (F72.8 vs S78.3%), browsing social media (F82.4 vs S81%), viewing movies (F84.6 vs S74.5%), and sleeping or resting (F67.6 vs S84.1%) were perceived by both faculty and students as the most employed by students to cope with stress. Results also show that there were marked disparities in the perceptions of faculty and students. Among the effects of stressors, the largest disparities were in non-performance in academics (F86 vs S51.7%) and academic failure (F76.5 vs S53.8%). Of the causative factors, the largest disparities were in the areas of death (F94.1 vs S14.5%) or sickness in the family (F66.9 vs S0%), family issues (F82.4 vs S24.5%), financial concerns (F89 vs S36.9%), absence of physical connectedness and interaction, (F94.9 vs S23.8%) lack of socialization (F89 vs S57.6%), owning a gadget (F73.5 vs S22.1%), and lack of funds for the internet (F79.4 vs S22.4%).Among the support systems available in the university (psychosocial, academic and wellness activities of the colleges), 70% of the faculty perceived that the students were aware of the support process offered by the university. In contrast, 28% of students were aware of the support services offered to them.

Conclusion

This study shows that UP Manila faculty and students perceived stress due to the effects of COVID-19 on teaching, learning, and everyday living. Distress among student respondents was commonly perceived to be caused by family concerns, environmental restrictions, connectivity issues, and experiencing a sense of lack. While support services and mental health programs have been in place within the university, only 28% of students perceive that students in distress were aware of the process in receiving support.

Keywords: coping strategies, student stress, faculty perceptions, mental health, COVID-19, education

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Students and faculty experiences, perceptions and knowledge on distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Mantaring, B.S., Sy, M.P., ... Medina, J.R.C., Miranda, G.M.J., Albert, H.M.D., Gonzales, L.A.M. Garcia, C.U., Ruamero Jr., E.C., Tupaz, A.J.E., Tan, R.S., & Simbulan, N.P.

To cite this article: �Mantaring, B.S., Sy, M.P., ... Medina, J.R.C., Miranda, G.M.J., Albert, H.M.D., Gonzales, L.A.M. Garcia, C.U., Ruamero Jr., E.C., Tupaz, A.J.E., Tan, R.S., & Simbulan, N.P. (2023).Students and faculty experiences, perceptions and knowledge on distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Acta Medica Philippina, 57(10), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v57i10.7219

82 of 102

In the target article, Cristia, Foushee, Aravena-Bravo, Cychosz, Scaff, and Casillas (2023) convincingly show the need to broaden the current language acquisition research base, not only in linguistic diversity, but also in terms of regions and cultural groups studied. In conducting acquisition research in understudied populations, such as in rural settings, the authors highlight the importance of using a multi-method approach. They present the challenges in adapting these methods to new settings and offer possible ways to promote this type of research. In this commentary, we extend the discussion to understudied urban communities, as we encounter several of the concerns raised in Cristia et al. when collecting observational and experimental language acquisition data from Metro Manila, Philippines. We first describe the community we study, the challenges and modifications needed for conducting research in this setting, and end with a discussion of possible strategies to promote research in communities with understudied populations.

Keywords: Tagalog, Philippines, urban

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Collecting language acquisition data from understudied urban communities: A reply to Cristia et al..

Garcia, R., Albert, H. M. D. Bondoc, I. P., & Marzan, J. C. B.

To cite this article: �Garcia, R., Albert, H. M. D. Bondoc, I. P., & Marzan, J. C. B. (2023). Collecting language acquisition data from understudied urban communities: A reply to Cristia et al.. �Journal of Child Language, 50(3), 522-526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000922000721

83 of 102

Background

One of the early problems that children born with cleft lip and palate encounter is difficulty in feeding. This affects the child’s nutritional needs and the timing of the surgical intervention. Information on the appropriate feeding methods for children with cleft lip and palate will enable mothers to feed their babies properly and facilitate the implementation of appropriate interventions.

Objectives

The study described the feeding problems experienced by children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP) ages 0-24 months, the feeding methods most preferred by Filipino mothers, the methods they found most useful, and the mothers’ reactions to the feeding issues their children face.

Methods

The research is a pilot study which used a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive mixed method design. Thirty-two (32) mothers of children with cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate answered an 11-item online survey and participated in focused interviews from January to June 2022. Inferential statistics was used specifically frequency distribution to describe the data, and Fishers’ Exact Test and Pearson’s Chi-Square Test were used to analyze the data quantitatively to determine the significant association between the variables identified.

Results

Results showed that the feeding problems encountered by the children included nasal regurgitation, sucking, aspiration of liquids, latching on nipples, and swallowing. Mothers preferred to use regular feeding bottles (24.3%), specialized feeding bottles for children with cleft (21.6%), breast feeding and dropper (17.6%), syringe (9.5%), cup (6.8%), and spoon feeding (2.7%) methods. They also mentioned that they found the following feeding methods to be the most useful, regular feeding bottles (32.7%), specialized feeding bottles for cleft (23.1%), breast feeding (11.5%), spoon and dropper feeding (7.7%), and syringe feeding (1.9%).

Conclusion. The feeding problems experienced by Filipino children with CLP and CP mirror those that have been reported in other studies. The study revealed that mothers still prefer to use the traditional regular feeding bottles in feeding their babies and found this to be the most useful. Maternal reactions of the participants to the cleft condition and its feeding issues are similar to reported studies in other countries. The internet has been the primary source of information on cleft and feeding of the participants in the study.

Keywords: feeding problems, feeding methods, cleft lip and palate, mother’s reactions

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

A qualitative study on the feeding methods of Filipino mothers of children with cleft lip and palate aged 0 to 24 months: A pilot study

Ligot, F. A. C., Bautista, P. E. C., & Bunyi, K. M. G.

To cite this article: �Ligot, F. A. C., Bautista, P. E. C., & Bunyi, K. M. G. (2023) A qualitative study on the feeding methods of Filipino mothers of children with cleft lip and palate aged 0 to 24 months: A pilot study. �Acta Medica Philippina., 58(3),1-11 https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.6625

84 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Mindfulness, mindset, motivation, and academic performance of speech pathology undergraduate students:

A correlational study

Bentulan, R. F. K., & Koo, G. S.

To cite this article: �Bentulan, R. F. K., & Koo, G. S. (2022). Mindfulness, mindset, motivation, and academic performance of speech pathology undergraduate students: A correlational study. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 26(Suppl.3), 33-42.�https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/628

Background

Speech Pathology (SP) students report great difficulty as they experience academic and mental health concerns while completing their programs. Even with increased global attention on non-cognitive factors influencing academic performance, no study focusing on Filipino SP students has been done.

Objectives

This study aimed to (1) explore the relationships among mindfulness, growth mindset, academic intrinsic motivation, and academic performance, and (2) investigate the influence of mindfulness, mindset, and motivation levels on academic performance.

Methodology

SP undergraduate students from a university in Manila (n=89) responded to an online survey measuring the three variables. Grades were extracted and analyzed alongside survey scores. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were performed.

Results

Higher mindfulness level was significantly related to better academic performance (rs(89) = -.235, p<.05). Correlation analysis further revealed a significant association between mindfulness and growth mindset (rs(89) = .390, p<.01); mindfulness and academic intrinsic motivation (rs(89) = .504, p<.01); and growth mindset and academic intrinsic motivation (rs(89) = .409, p<.01). No significant relationship was found between grades and growth mindset or motivation levels. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that mindfulness, mindset, and motivation levels do not significantly predict grades (F(3,85)=.461, p=.710, R2=.016).

Conclusion

This study provides scientific findings to help educators develop a better understanding of Filipino health professions education student characteristics. Evidence on the significance of mindfulness in student performance is presented. It also provides new knowledge regarding the association between the constructs of mindfulness, growth mindset, and intrinsic motivation in this specific population.

Keywords: Mindfulness, growth mindset, motivation, academic performance, speech pathology education

85 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Daily living skills in adolescent and young adult males with fragile X syndrome

Thurman, A. J., Swinehart, S. S., Klusek, J., Roberts, J. E., Bullard, L., Marzan, J. C. B., Brown, W. T., & Abbeduto, L.

To cite this article: �Thurman, A. J., Swinehart, S. S., Klusek, J., Roberts, J. E., Bullard, L., Marzan, J. C. B., Brown, W. T., & Abbeduto, L. (2022). Daily living skills in adolescent and young adult males with fragile X syndrome. American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 127(1), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.1.64

By adulthood, most males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) require support to navigate day-today settings. The present study cross-sectionally: (1) characterized the profile of daily living skills in males with FXS and (2) examined associated participant characteristics (i.e., fragile X mental retardation protein [FMRP] expression, nonverbal cognition, language, autism symptomatology, and anxiety symptomatology) using the Waisman-Activities of Daily Living questionnaire. Males with FXS (n¼57, ages 15–23 years) needed more help/support in the areas of domestic and community daily livings skills, than in the area of personal daily living skills. Significant associations were observed between reduced daily living skills and lower nonverbal cognition, receptive language, expressive language, and increased autism symptomatology. Receptive language emerged as the strongest unique predictor of daily living skill performance.

Keywords: Fragile X syndrome, daily living skills, language,

autism spectrum disorder, FMRP

86 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health in clinical speech-language pathology practice: A scoping review

Valdez, M. C., Posadas, J. H. C., Chan, K. J. C., Garcia, D. P. O., Gusto, P. N. L., & Soriano, J. U.

To cite this article: �Valdez, M. C., Posadas, J. H. C., Chan, K. J. C., Garcia, D. P. O., Gusto, P. N. L., & Soriano, J. U. (2022). Application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health in clinical speech-language pathology practice: A scoping review. �Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 26(Suppl.3), 1-11.�https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/625/0

Background

The use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework is advocated in Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) clinical practice. As using the ICF leads to improved quality of life in relation to communication and swallowing compared to the medical model, SLP practitioners are encouraged to adopt the ICF framework in their practice. However, there is a lack of ICF-related literature in the Philippines that can serve as a guide for SLP practitioners.

Objectives

The study aimed to identify and describe available international literature and extract key ideas that can serve as a guide for SLP practitioners as they adopt ICF into their practice.

Methodology

The York Framework for scoping reviews was utilized. The review consisted of five stages: (1) identifying research questions, (2) identifying relevant literature, (3) identifying eligible literature, (4) data charting, and (5) summarizing and extracting themes.

Results

The majority of the articles collated were research studies from developed countries. The ICF was applied equally across all age groups and focused on activities and participation rather than health conditions. Thematic analysis showed that ICF was applied in assessment, intervention, and health care service delivery.

Conclusion

Gaps exist in using ICF-based tools in the SLP clinical practice and in the social understanding of the ICF. SLP practitioners are encouraged to learn and adapt the identified ICF-related themes in their practice as it facilitates a holistic understanding of their patient's functioning, disability, and evidence-based clinical decisions, thus, contributing to effective diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

Keywords: Clinical framework, scoping review, speech-language pathology, assessment, intervention, International classification of functioning, disability, and health

87 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

A survey of selected cognitive-communication assessment and intervention practices of Filipino speech-language pathologists working with stroke patients: A preliminary practice patterns study

Carandang, C. M. A., & Marzan, J. C. B.

To cite this article: �Carandang, C. M. A., & Marzan, J. C. B. (2022). A survey of selected cognitive-communication assessment and intervention practices of Filipino speech-language pathologists working with stroke patients: A preliminary practice patterns study. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 63-75. https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/662

Background

Speech and language pathologists (SLPs) are responsible for the management of cognitive-communication disorders brought about by cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). These disorders are managed to support positive and functional changes in the skills needed to participate in the social, education, and vocational responsibilities of an individual.

Objective

This study aimed to describe the demographic information and practices of Filipino SLPs through self-ratings of their knowledge, confidence, and experience in relation to their cognitive-communication assessment tools and intervention practices when working with clients with post-CVD and have cognitive-communication disorders. It also aimed to identify the felt needs of SLPs in this area of practice.

Methodology

The survey tool was patterned after the questionnaire used by Reideman and Turkstra (2018) in a similar study, validated by SLP experts in cognitive-communication disorders, and pilot tested by SLPs who met inclusion criteria for study participants.

Results

A total of 34 SLPs with at least one year of experience working with patients post-CVD responded to the survey. Results showed that the SLPs were most knowledgeable, experienced, and confident in the use of a nonstandardized translation of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and in the use of counseling and education as an intervention method for their patients with cognitive-communication disorders. Despite familiarity with the WAB, they showed a preference for informal assessment practices.

Conclusion

The SLPs felt the need for additional training on assessment and treatment practices in cognitive communication disorders and emphasized the need for culturally-appropriate materials and established practice guidelines for the Filipino clientele

Keywords: cognitive-communication disorders; cerebrovascular disease; practice patterns; survey

88 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Outcomes of online adaptation of the universal newborn hearing screening certification

Rozul, C. D. A., Yarza, T. K. L., & Catangay-Ombao, J. V.

To cite this article: �Rozul, C. D. A., Yarza, T. K. L., & Catangay-Ombao, J. V. (2021). Outcomes of online adaptation of the universal newborn hearing screening certification. Acta Medica Philippina, 56(12), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.3364

Objective

An adaptation of the newborn hearing screening personnel certification course to an online platform started development in June 2020. It was then implemented in July 2020. The current study aimed to evaluate the initial implementation of the online adaptation of the universal newborn hearing screening certification course among participants.

Methods

Through a concurrent mixed-methods research design, the study triangulated program outcomes, course evaluation, and key informant interviews of participants from July to November 2020 to evaluate the initial implementation of the course.

Results

The certification course participants had an overall positive experience with the initial implementation of the online adaptation. Only a minority of participants expressed their dissatisfaction with the course evaluation form. Moreover, the key informant interviews showed more detailed areas of improvement.

Conclusion

Despite the course's high ratings and administrative strengths, the use and features of Canvas as a learning management system were needed for participants to maximize the course. Furthermore, improvements in the presentation of the lectures and increasing the interactivity and engagement of the learning materials were recommendations in the refinement of the online course.

Keywords: Newborn hearing screening, online learning, program implementation, learning management system

89 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Development and pilot implementation of the online certification of universal newborn hearing screening personnel

Rozul, C. D. A., Yarza, T. K. L., Catangay-Ombao, J. V., & Cruz, T. L. G.

To cite this article: �Rozul, C. D. A., Yarza, T. K. L., Catangay-Ombao, J. V., & Cruz, T. L. G. (2021). Development and pilot implementation of the online certification of universal newborn hearing screening personnel. Acta Medica Philippina, 56(11), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.3361

Objective

The current paper aimed to discuss developing the online newborn hearing screening certification course and revisions made from pre-pandemic face-to-face strategies to the online implementation in response to COVID-19 limitations. Furthermore, it aimed to create recommendations for the refinement of the course.

Methods

The development of the adaptation consisted of document review, focus group discussions among program faculty before and after implementation, which covered the demand for the certificati on course, opportunities for adaptation, situational limitations, and online implementation advantages and concerns. In addition, a cost-benefit analysis of the online course was done.

Results

The certification course was developed within a month and retained the same learning objectives going into an online implementation. One significant change was the addition of a local experience module which allowed for the participation of regional newborn hearing screening coordinators. More resources were required from both instructors and learners to implement successfully. Due to the asynchronous nature of the online course, the evaluation scheme was adapted accordingly. However, teaching strategies were limited. The pricing of the course was also not optimal.

Conclusion

Although there were merits in adapting the certification course to the online learning platform, there were areas for refinement. These were the alignment of all course modules to learning objectives, the addition of varied teaching methods, and the revision of pricing for the course.

Keywords: Newborn hearing screening, certifying course, online learning,

learning management system

90 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Handa Tayo: ECCD Centers as an enabling environment responsive to changing landscapes

Garcia, F. D. S.

To cite this book chapter: �Garcia, F. D. S. (2021) Handa Tayo: ECCD Centers as an enabling environment responsive to changing landscapes. In Tongson, E.C. (ed.) Engendering Inclusive and Transformative Early Childhood Care and Development, 85-121. University of the Philippines Center �for Women’s and Gender Studies

Globally, the world recognizes the value of children. Every human being below the age of 18 years is entitles to special care and assistance. The United Nations states that parties should ensure that institutions, facilities, and services are created unde a recognized standard to care and protect children in the areas of safety and health so that these children can be fully prepared to live as individuals in society (Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights, 1989). Children are human beings who are born with human rights. However, their young age and dependence on adults increase their vulnerability especially in situations such as disasters.

91 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Augmentative and alternative communication in the Philippines: A survey of speech-language pathologist competence, training, and practice

Chua, E. C., & Gorgon, E. J.

To cite this article: �Chua, E., & Gorgon, E. (2019): Augmentative and alternative communication in the Philippines: A survey of speech-language pathologist competence, training, and practice. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 35(2), 156-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2019.1576223

A cross-sectional survey study was undertaken to describe the perceived competence, pre- and postprofessional training, and practice of Filipino speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Printed and electronic questionnaires were distributed to all SLPs in the Philippines with at least 1 year of practice experience. A total of 152 (47%) questionnaires were returned. Based on these data, 108 respondents (71%) practiced AAC, but most (range ¼ 59–89%) did not perceive themselves to be competent in working with various client populations with complex communication needs. A majority (range ¼ 70–93%) of the respondents reported limited pre-professional training in all AAC content areas, and at least 82% strongly desired continuing education in almost all areas of AAC. Almost 90% of respondents only occasionally (53%) or rarely (36%) recommended AAC, and 82% considered it as a last resort. Major practice challenges reported were families’ negative attitudes toward AAC and lack of AAC-specific interdisciplinary collaboration. Infrequent use of high-tech AAC was also reported. The findings suggest various ways through which AAC education and services in the Philippines may be enhanced. They also imply the need for further research on alternative service delivery models, as well as additional members of the AAC team.

Keywords: Augmentative and alternative communication systems, developing countries, professional competence, professional education, speech-language pathology, surveys and questionnaires

92 of 102

PUBLISHED RESEARCH PROJECTS

Developing country-specific wheelchair service provision strategic plans for Romania and the Philippines

Gowran, R. J., Goldberg, M., Comanescu, G., Ungureanu, C., Garcia, F. D. S.,

Xavier, C. A., & Pearlman, J.

To cite this article: �Gowran, R. J., Goldberg, M., Comanescu, G., Ungureanu, C., Garcia, F. D. S., Xavier, C. A., & Pearlman, J. (2019) Developing country-specific wheelchair service provision strategic plans for Romania and the Philippines. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 14(6), 612-627. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2018.1539131

Background

Achieving appropriate wheelchair provision at a national level is complex, requiring regulations, funding and policies established through governments. Understanding wheelchair provision within different countries is key. This paper describes the process used to support the development of wheelchair service strategic plans in Romania and the Philippines. It considers the influences, meaning, challenges and developments when producing strategic priorities within two different contexts.

Methods

The International Society of Wheelchair Professionals (ISWP) sponsored affiliates Motivation Foundation Romania and the Philippine Society of Wheelchair Philippine Society of Wheelchair Professionals (PSWP), to conduct organizational ethnographic mixed method stakeholder centred studies, to develop robust strategic plans. An affiliate coordinator for wheelchair provision in less resourced settings supported this process.

Results

Diversity between the two-affiliate sites was evident, influencing value placed within both societies towards equality and participation. Common components to address included: advocacy; wheelchair service infrastructure; capacity building; education; training and research. Research process facilitation supported by affiliate coordinator is important.

Conclusion

Understanding contextual dimensions, which sharp a countries wheelchair service, is essential. Member states should take action by conducting in-country wheelchair sector analysis, to create wheelchair provision strategies for sustainable development, to meet personal posture and mobility needs, primary for daily living, as a basic human right.

Implications for rehabilitation

Understanding the complexity of providing appropriate wheelchairs within different countries is essential to meet the diverse needs of citizens.

Conducting situational analysis of the wheelchair sector involving key stakeholders in the process is important to understand different perspectives and develop strategic priorities towards sustainable development.

Producing context specific wheelchair sector reports and strategic plans strengthens the evidence base when informing governments regarding the importance of developing sustainable wheelchair provision infrastructures.

The affiliate coordinator role is important to support affiliates to produce robust documentation that clearly and objectively outlines the wheelchair sector issues and plans, to provide solutions.

Keywords: Wheelchair provision, context, situational analysis, less resourced settings, strategic planning, mixed methods, human rights

93 of 102

COMPLETED RESEARCH PROJECTS

(Unpublished)

94 of 102

COMPLETED RESEARCH PROJECTS

OT (n = 5)

Roderos, K. F. M. & Jovellano, J. J. G. (2022) Mental health in occupational therapy curricula: A scoping review
Roderos, K. F. M. (2019) Integrating rehabilitation in primary care in the Philippines: A policy analysis
Roderos, K. F. M., Aguhob, P. A. T., Jovellano, J. J. G., Dee, V. R., & Santos, T. N. H. (2021) Status of mental health occupational therapy in the Philippines: Practice, education, and research
Cabatan, M. C. C., Bentulan, R. F. K., Manansala, J. R. G., & Genoguin, R. K. M. (2024) Self-regulated learning strategies and outcomes in fully online and hybrid learning environments for health science students: A scoping study protocol
Espiritu, E.W., Cabatan, M.C., Chinf, P.E., Acuña, M. E.P., Rabacca, G. A., & Villon, J. A. (2024) Assessing the effectiveness of the Well-Being through Occupational Participation (WBOP) intervention in promoting Filipino occupational therapy student well-being: A convergent mixed-methods study

95 of 102

COMPLETED RESEARCH PROJECTS

PT (n = 5)

Palad, Y. Y., Bandong, A. N. J., Kang, M. G. D., Perez, C. D. A., Perez, K. E. C., & Rotor, E. R. (2022) Pilot implementation of the BSPT Learning portfolio
Perez, K. E. C., Salmon, V., & Carrieri, D. (2020) Mental wellbeing of allied health students in workplace training: a scoping review
Perez, K. E. C., & Genoguin, R. K. M. (2023) Conceptualization of student-faculty relationships in health professions education: A scoping review
Rotor, E. R., Roderos, K. F. M., & Olegario, C. D. D. (2024) Translation of the cerebral palsy quality of life - child primary caregiver (CPQOL-CPC) to Filipino
Rotor, E. R., Bandong, A. N. J., & Lazaro, R. T. (2024) Developing clinical reasoning of PT students engaged in telehealth during clinical placements

96 of 102

COMPLETED RESEARCH PROJECTS

SP (n = 2)

Jian, J., Chen, M., Goh, S., & Chua, E. C. K. (2023) Hello from the other side (of the screen): COVID-19 and the use of telepractice in speech therapy services in Singapore
Ligot, F. A. C., Tort, K. K. A., & Mangune, P. D. (2022) Assessment and clinical care through electronic speech services (A.C.C.E.S.S.): An online speech therapy service program by operation smile Philippines

97 of 102

ONGOING PROJECTS

98 of 102

ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS

OT (n = 12)

Acuña, M. E. Jr P., & Nañagas, M. L. L. (on-going) Scoping review of practice placement programs for Occupational therapy students
Aguhob, P. A. T., & Cheoc, D. U. (on-going) Self-efficacy in occupational therapy alternative clinical training: A scoping review
Aguhob, P. A. T. (on-going) Filipino genetic counselors' experience and satisfaction with remote counseling
Cabatan, M. C. C., Bentulan, R. F. K., Manansala, J. R. G., & Genoguin, R. K. M. (on-going) Participation in daily living of persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review protocol
Ching, P. E., & Santos, T. N. (on-going) Scoping review on mental health
Ching, P. E., Bandong, A. N. J., Zotomayor, M. D., Villarido, J. F. R., Dalisay, J. D. R. (On-going) Appropriate and affordable intermediate wheelchair for the Filipino: Initial conceptual design and product development
Cheoc, D. U., & Jovellano, J. J. G. (on-going) Reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities in telework during COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-sectional survey
Lazaro, R. T., Ching, P. E., & Garcia, F. D. S. (on-going) Scoping review of urban community based rehabilitation programs
Lazaro, R. T., Ching, P. E., & Tan, G. C. (on-going) Survey on the preparation, roles, and responsibilities of Filipino physical therapists in disaster management
Nañagas, M. L. L., Ching, P. E., Dee, V. R., Santos, T. N. H., Jovellano, J. J. G., & Cabatan, M. C. C. (on-going) Feasibility and needs assessment study for a new Occupational therapy master’s program
Roderos, K. F. M., Aguhob, P. A. T., & Villon, J. A. B. (on-going) Perceived roles, facilitators, and barriers to mental health promotion in primary schools in the Philippines
Villon, J. A. B., Quemado, K., Rabacca, G., Ruiz, J. (on-going) Involvement of allied health professionals in primary schools: A scoping review

99 of 102

ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS

PT (n = 23)

Lentejas, J. P. & Lazaro, R. (on-going) Current trends on the outcome measures used in obesity research and the physiology of weight management: Is energy balance enough for people with obesity? – A scoping review
Mendoza, K. G., Roderos, K. F. M., Albert, H. M. D., Rabacca, G. A. D., Bandong, A. N. J., & Villarido, J. F. S. (on-going) Review of the 2018 CAMP undergraduate curricula: A concurrent and convergent mixed method design
Austria, Bernice Alecsa D. (on-going) Review of the 2018 CAMP undergraduate curricula: A concurrent and convergent mixed method design
Rotor, E. R., Valdez, M. C., Roderos, K. F. M., Olegario, C. D. O. & Isla, J. Q. (on-going) Reliability and validity of the Filipino Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life-Child Primary Caregiver Questionnaire
Gabriella Isabel R. Tablante & Charlemaine Deane A. Perez (on-going) User perspectives on usability and impact of electronic health record utilization on therapy services at an outpatient multidisciplinary clinic: A mixed methods study
Aguila, M. E. R., Caro, J.D. L., Anlacan, V. M., Jamora, R.D.G., Tee, M.L., Lloren, G.S. & Tee, C.A. (on-going) Immersive technology applications in healthcare

Aguila, M. E. R., Tee, C. A., Boque, J. C. R., Salido, I. T. O., Tee, M. L., & Caro, J. D. L. (on-going) Developing immersive gamification technology system (ImGTS) for rehabilitation management of pediatric patients with cerebral palsy and mobility limitations (Phase 2 Trial)
Aguila, M. E. R., Caro, J., Tee, M.L., Tee, C.A., Jamora, R.D., & Anlacan, V.M. (on-going) Implementation of immersive gamification technology system for rehabilitation management of pediatric patients with cerebral palsy and with mobility limitations for healthcare practitioners and institutional rehabilitation centers
Aguila, M. E. R., Jamora, R.D., Panganiban, A.C., Galeco, B.A., Tee, M., & Caro, J.D. (on-going) Developing immersive gamification technology systems (ImGTS) for the management of patients with Alzheimer's Disease with behavioral and psychological symptoms for dementia (Phase 2 trial)
Caro, J.D., Tee, M.L., Aguila, M.E.R., Jamora, R.D., & Tee, C.A (on-going) Immersive technology application in healthcare / IP protection & enabling uptake of immersive xploring gamification tech system for the management of patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Anlacan, V.M., Tee, M.L., Caro, J.D., Aguila. M.E.R., Tee, C.A. & Jamora, R.D. (on-going) Developing immersive gamification technology system (ImGTS) for rehabilitation management of adult patients with Parkinson's Disease (Phase 1 trial)

100 of 102

100

ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS

Aguila, M. E. R., Duncan A.D., Obra, C.D., Caballero, N., Ching, P.E., Lazaro, R., Mojica, G., Alix, J., Andrian, J., Bondoc, I. & Bressman, T. (on-going) The universal health care coverage and community-based rehabilitation program in the Philippines: Exploring the facilitators, barriers, and enablers
Aguila, M. E. R. (on-going) Establishing a global certification standard for evaluating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (MDA 1060929)
Aguila, M. E. R., Ruiz, R. M., & Valdez, M. C. (on-going) Perceptions of students on the role of learning management systems on their learning
Aguila, M. E. R. (on-going) Better lifetime care for children with developmental disabilities
Cayco, C. S., Ruiz, R. M. R., Luces, J. R. B., Tutor, M. M. B., Lazaro, R. T. (on-going) Competencies of Physical therapists in geriatric physical therapy: A scoping review
Esguerra, A. A. D., Bandong, A. N. J., Guisihan, R. M., Kang, M. G. D., Lunar, F. R. M., Mendoza, K. G., Olegario, C. D. D., Palad, Y. Y., Rotor, E. R., & Tablante, G. I. R. (on-going) Behaviors of primary carers, teachers, and school administrators in active lifestyle promotion among children with disabilities: A scoping review
Isip-Tan, I. T., Paguio, J. T., Tamondong-Lachica, D. R., Almodiente, Z. R., Ngo, F. L. U., Perez, C. D. A., Medina, J. R. C., Dalet, J. T., Fajutagana, N. S., & Labarda, C. E. (on-going) Ensuring quality of care through telehealth pathways in a national university hospital: A quality improvement project
Mendoza, K. G., Genoguin, R. K., Kang, M. G., Labro, A. V., Perez, K. E., Valdez, M. C. & Ching, P. E. (on-going) Perceived helpfulness of teaching-learning strategies and supports employed by UP-CAMP courses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Mendoza, K. G., Aguila, M. E., Bandong, A. N.B., Lentejas, J.P., & Gorgon, E. J. (on-going) Determining the impact of ethnogeographic variation on physical function through the establishment of the Australia-Philippines 1000 Norms Project
Palad, Y. Y., Bandong, A. N. J., Kang, M. G. D., Lunar, F. R. M., Mendoza, K. G., Olegario, C. D. D., Rotor, E. R., & Tablante, G. I. R. (on-going) Perceptions of primary carers, special education teachers and administrators on the promotion of active healthy lifestyle among Filipino children with disabilities: A mixed methods study

101 of 102

101

ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS

Perez, C. D. A & Gorgon, E. J. R. (on-going) Effects of physical exercise on standing balance in adults with lower limb osteoarthritis: A systematic review
Perez, C. D. A., Roderos, F. K. M., Tablante, G. I. R., Hamoy, G. L. (on-going) Design, development and implementation of a tailored, integrated and secured electronic health records system for interprofessional clinic- and community-based service programs
Perez, K. E. C., Roderos, K. F. M., Cabatan, M. C. C., Ruiz, J. D., Guisihan, R. M., Tan, G. C., Perez, C. D. A., & Austria, B. A. D. (on-going) Student and faculty relationships in remote learning: A constructivist grounded theory approach
Reyes, P. C. G., Futalan, R. J., Padilla, E. C., Pituk, J. D., Vicente, S. R., Bañas, A. T., Gelisanga, M. A. P., Kang., M. G. D., & Pagkatipunan, P. M. N. (on-going) Comparison of physical activity levels among higher education institution teachers in South Manila before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Rotor, E.R., Roderos, F. K. M., Olegario, C. D. (on-going) Content validation of the Filipino cerebral palsy quality of life-child proxy caregiver (Fil-CP-QOL-CPC)
Sagun, K.S. & Aguila, M.E.R. (on-going) Participation as a means and an end in Community-Based Rehabilitation for the inclusion of children with disabilities
Zotomayor, M.D., Labro, A.V., Guitones, K.I.M., Lazaro, R.T. (on-going) A Clinical audit of outcome measures on participation in stroke rehabilitation to inform service delivery in a local outpatient teaching clinic

102 of 102

102

ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS

SP (n = 10)

Bentulan, R. F. K. & Fadri, J. L. (on-going) A Mixed Method Study of the Workload of Speech-Language Pathology Practice Educators
Austria, B.A.D., Valdez, M.C.V. (on-going) Economic costs of communication disorders in children aged 3-6 years old: a cost-of-illness study
Bentulan, R. F. K., Aguhob, P. A. T., Albert, H. M. D., Austria, B. A. D., Esguerra, A. A. D., Garcia, F. D. S., Jovellano, J. J. G., Olegario, C. D. D., Perez, C. D. A., Ruiz, R. M. R., & Valdez, M. C. (on-going) Outcomes of online clinical training programs for occupational, physical, and speech therapy students.
Chua, E. C. K. & Kovacs, T. (on-going) A corpus-based investigation of Filipino toddlers' use of adults' core words at various stages of language development
Chua, E. C. K., Lim, C. A. T., & Tan, T. E. N. (on-going) Evaluating the vocabulary and vocabulary organization of a Tagalog core communication board for adults: Initial usability testing with adults without disabilities
Chua, P. E.T., Bayona, H. H., & Valdez, M. C. (ongoing) The epidemiological profile of Filipino children with communication and swallowing disorders prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multisite retrospective records review
Ligot, F. A. C., Mangune, P. D., & Sison, P. (on-going) Patient satisfaction and accessibility of cleft care in the Philippines: a preliminary study
Ligot, F. A. C., Bautista, P. E., & Lim, G. D. (on-going) Filipino mothers initial reactions and responses to their children born with cleft lip and palate: A qualitative study
Valdez, M. C., Garcia, R., & Feiman, R. (on-going) Tagalog-speaking children’s acquisition of negation: A corpus and experimental study
Valdez, M. C., Garcia, R. (on-going) Limits of variability in phonetic discrimination: Interplay of acoustic salience, word position, and language experience