Wednesday warmup

1. What is kinetic energy?
2. What causes sound?
3. Why is no machine 100% efficient?
4. If heat can't travel through space, how does the Sun warm up the Earth?
5. Brainstorm: what comes to mind when you hear the word "heat"?

Thursday warmup

1. What is thermal energy?
2. Why can we say that heat from the Sun doesn't travel to Earth?
3. Why doesn't a vibrating cell phone feel hot even though it is vibrating vigorously?
4. Compare and contrast �sound and thermal �energy (heat).
5. Why does the inside�of a car become hotter�than the air outside the�car on a sunny day?

Split Groups

Walnut lab

Thermal Energy

Heat

• Thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy
• Thermal Energy: how quickly individual particles are vibrating
• Everything has thermal energy
• Heat is the transfer of thermal energy
• Hot things have faster vibrations
• They feel hot because they are causing your molecules to vibrate faster
• Cold objects feel cold because they are stealing your vibrations
• So why doesn't your cell phone feel hot when it's on vibrate?

Temperature

• Temperature: A measure of the change in thermal energy
• Energy flows from high to low (hot to cold)
• Cold things absorb the heat and increase in thermal energy
• Thermometers
• Measure temperature by measuring the amount of heat flowing into the thermometer
• More heat means more thermal energy
• Energy excites the molecules, making�them move faster and expand
• The expansion causes the liquid to travel �up the tube
• Our skin works in a similar way
• Different substances heat up differently
• Referred to as the specific heat capacity
• The reason why your pan gets hot but�your spatula does not

Thermal Energy: Checkpoint

1. What is thermal energy? How is it related to heat?
2. When you touch a cold ice cube, where is the energy flowing? How does your brain know about it?
3. How does a thermometer work?
4. Why do we put blankets on when we're cold?
5. Why doesn't putting just a blanket on a hypothermic (freezing to death) person help warm them up?
6. Where does the heat come from that causes ice to melt in my drink?
7. Why do we wear coats in the winter?
8. Why does blowing a fan on your skin help cool �you off?
9. What is one way we have turned kinetic energy �into thermal energy in this class?
10. Why doesn't a vibrating back massager feel �hot even though it is vibrating vigorously?  

Friday warmup

• What is thermal energy? How is it related to heat?
• Explain how the molecules in the fluid of a thermometer change in order to indicate temperature.
• Why doesn't putting just a blanket on a hypothermic (freezing to death) person help warm them up?
• Where does the heat come from that causes ice to melt in my drink?
• Why do we wear coats in the winter?
• Why does blowing a fan on your skin �help cool you off?
• Where does the thermal energy that �your body creates come from?
• Why doesn't a vibrating cell phone �feel hot even though it is vibrating?
• Use the diagram on the right to help�explain how heat can be lost from your body using the three forms of thermal energy transfer.  

States of matter articles

Talking to the text

States of matter articles

Draw a diagram that represents each state at the molecular level.

Summarize your article in three sentences and answer the questions

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Solids

1. What is a crystal?
2. Why don't solids flow like liquids?
3. Predict: what effect does the vibration of atoms in a solid have on its physical properties?

Liquids

• How do molecules in liquids interact with each other?
• How do liquids become gases?
• Why do we use liquids as solvents instead of other states of matter?

Gases 

• How do gas particles interact with each other?
• How can we describe gases?
• Describe an everyday example of a gas dissolved in a liquid. 

Compare and contrast

Share your article with two other people.  There should be no more than 3 people in a group (1 for each state of matter).

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1. Copy each other's pictures and jot down key ideas.
2. Compare and contrast the three different states of matter.
3. Build a Venn Diagram for the three states of matter.

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• How do substances change states?
• Why isn't everything in the same state of matter at room temperature?  What would the world be like if it was?

Monday warmup

1. How are gases different from solids and liquids?
2. Why don't liquids expand?
3. How is the thermal energy in a solid different from the thermal energy in a liquid?

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A quick visual

Midterm Revisions

Note: This will not affect your midterm grade!

Some weird observations

Boiling water

Now with food coloring

Banana Hammer

T-shirt

Supercooled Water

Water bottle cloud

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Tuesday warmup

1. How does thermal energy affect the behavior of gas particles?
2. Why doesn't putting a blanket (freezing to death) person help warm them up?
3. How are solids �and liquids �different?
4. What is �evaporation?

Wednesday warmup

1. How can you turn water into water vapor?
2. What is the difference between water and ice?
3. How does thermal �energy cause a liquid �to become a gas?
4. Why would global�warming be a problem�for arctic animals?

Phase Changes Lab

Phase Changes

Phase changes

• Changing from one state of matter to another
• Everything does it under certain conditions
• pressure
• temperature
• Types of phase changes
• Melting (metals)
• Vaporization
• Boiling
• Evaporation
• Condensation (rain)
• Freezing (ice formation)
• Sublimation (dry ice)
• Deposition (snow)
• Add these to your �Venn diagrams
• Simulator

Boiling vs. Evaporation

• Evaporation: molecules escape into the air without added heat
• Boiling: heating up a liquid to make a gas
• We can do this by changing temperature or pressure

Phase Changes: Checkpoint

1. Compare and contrast boiling and evaporation.
2. What are the two things you can change in order to cause a phase change?
3. What is sublimation?
4. How are vaporization and condensation related?
5. Why do the bubbles come from the bottom of a pot of boiling water?
6. Different substances have�different boiling points.�That is, different substances�will boil at different �temperatures. What can�you infer about the strength�of the forces holding your�substances together?

Phase Changes Lab

Procedure

1. Fill your 400 mL beaker about half full with ice. Add water to the 100 mL mark.
2. Record the initial temp.
3. Heat your sample on the hot plate on a HIGH heat. Record the temp every 30 secs. Indicate the time when all of your sample melts and when it starts boiling.
4. Continue to collect data for 3 minutes after the sample starts boiling.

Analysis

1. Graph your data on a T v.s t graph. (example)
2. At any point in this lab, did your water ever stop being water (H2O)? Explain.
3. Why does your temperature increase slowly in the beginning?
4. Why doesn't your temperature change after it starts boiling?
5. Use your understanding of thermal energy to explain why adding heat causes your phases to change.

Thursday warmup

1. Why do the bubbles come from the bottom of a pot of boiling water? What are those bubbles made of?
2. What is sublimation?
3. Explain how thermal energy causes liquid particles to become gas particles.
4. How are evaporation and boiling similar? How are they different?
5. In your phase change lab, why didn't your temperature change quickly in the beginning?
6. Why can't you have liquid water hotter than �100^o C?
7. How could you make water evaporate faster �without boiling it?
8. What is the difference between hail and �snow?

Dry ice

• Solid CO₂
• Freezes at -78 C
• Can't be a liquid at 1 atm
• Useful in industry
• Shipping
• Halloween
• Movie effects
•  Awesome to play with

Rules

• Be safe, or there will never be another lab again.
• Record your answers to the prompts at each station ("Dry ice Lab", section 2)
• NEVER touch dry ice with your bare skin.
• NEVER do anything that you think could be dangerous.
• NEVER throw dry ice at anyone.
• NEVER cap a bottle with dry ice in it.  This is a bomb.
• Take ONLY what you need for the experiment.
•  Did I mention be SAFE?
• You should really practice SAFETY first!
• No dying in lab! (Take it outside)

Monday warmup- Welcome Back!

1. Why do we say that thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy?
2. How does thermal energy cause a liquid to become a gas?
3. Describe the two different forms of vaporization.
4. Dry ice goes straight from a �solid to a gas. What do we �call this process?
5. What can we change besides �temperature to cause a �phase change?

NOVA: Absolute Zero

Pick 7 different discoveries/experiments. Briefly describe:

1. What did the scientist discover?
2. How did he discover it?
3. Why was this important?