ROCKS REVIEW
The way they are formed.
Explain WHY the rock cycle has no ending.
There is no definite beginning OR ending. It’s cyclical. Any rock can always become another type of rock.
How are igneous rocks formed?
(2 steps)
Why is obsidian so smooth?
(volcanic glass)
It cools SO quickly that zero crystals have time to form.
What does granite look like?
(intrusive OR extrusive)
Granite has a coarse grained appearance.
(Intrusive = large crystals)
What is the rock cycle?
It is a continuous process where rock changes from one form/type to another.
What does igneous mean?
It means from fire
What is the difference between Intrusive & Extrusive?
| Location | Cooling Rate | Crystal Size |
Intrusive | Inside the Earth | Slowly | Large (coarse grained) |
Extrusive | On the surface of the Earth | Rapidly (fast) | Small (fine grained) |
HOW do sedimentary rocks form?
How are clastic rocks classified?
Based on their size
What are organic sedimentary rocks made of?
Remains of once-living organisms
ex. Coal (plants)
Limestone (shells)
What is a porphyry?
A rock that starts cooling intrusively (large crystals) and then is forced onto the surface to cool rapidly (small crystals).
What is foliation?
Give an example of a foliated rock.
Foliation = striping or banding of rock
Ex. Schist, gneiss
What is the difference between conglomerate, sandstone, and shale?
The size of the particles.
Large = conglomerate
Medium = sandstone
Small = shale
How do chemical sedimentary rocks form?
What is an evaporite?
When mineral-rich water evaporates, leaving the minerals behind to form rock.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Formed from EXTREME heat and pressure on existing rocks
What is the difference between regional and contact metamorphism?
Contact: comes in direct contact with the magma source
Regional: is in the region where extreme pressure is exerted (ex. Subduction)
What is marble made of?
(what is the parent rock)
limestone
WEATHERING
& EROSION REVIEW
Question #1
What is the change in physical form or chemical composition of rock materials on the Earth’s surface?
Answer:
Weathering
Question #2:
What is the type of weathering when rocks are physically broken down?
Answer:
Mechanical
Question #3:
What is the type of weathering when rocks change their chemical composition?
Answer:
Chemical
Question #4:
What is it called when water seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands, breaking the rock around it?
Answer:
Ice wedging
(aka FROST wedging)
Question #5:
What is the type of weathering when plant roots work to break up rock?
Answer:
organic
Question #6:
What is it called when rocks rub against each other and wear down?
Answer:
abrasion
Question #7:
What is the chemical reaction called that breaks down rocks with water?
Answer:
Hydrolysis
Question #8:
Which type of rock weathers the fastest?
Answer:
Sedimentary rock
Question #9:
Which type of sedimentary rock weathers the fastest?
Answer:
Limestone
Question #10:
Which type of rock does not weather easily?
Answer:
Quartzite
Question #11:
Which will weather faster: a large rock or the large rock broken into pieces?
Answer:
The large rock broken into pieces
Question #12:
What are the four factors that affect the rate of weathering?
Answer:
Composition, exposure, climate, topography
Question #13:
In what type of climates does weathering occur slowly?
Answer:
Hot and dry OR cold and dry
Question #14:
What is the process by which the products of weathering are transported?
Answer:
erosion
Question #15:
The main difference between erosion and weathering is that erosion involves what?
Answer:
transportation
Question #16:
What is the NAME of the top layer of soil?
Answer:
Topsoil
(A horizon or humus)
Question #17
Which layer of soil has all the organic activity?
Answer:
Topsoil
(A horizon or humus)
Question #18:
What is the NAME of the second layer of soil from the top?
Answer:
Subsoil
(B horizon or regolith)
Question #19:
Which layer of soil has minerals that were leached down?
Answer:
Subsoil
(B horizon or regolith)
Question #20:
What is the name of the third layer of soil from the top?
Answer:
Partially weathered bedrock
Question #21:
What is the name of the bottom layer of soil?
Answer:
Bedrock
(unweathered rock or parent material)
Question #22:
What is the smallest soil particle called?
Answer:
clay
Question #23:
What is the middle sized soil particle called?
Answer:
silt
Question #24:
What is the largest soil particle called?
Answer:
sand
Question #25
What is a cross section in which layers of the soil and the bedrock beneath the soil can be seen?
Answer:
A soil profile
Question #26:
What is a layer of soil called?
Answer:
Soil horizon
Question #27:
What is the process in which water carried dissolved minerals to lower layers of rock?
Answer:
leaching
Question #28:
In what type of climate does chemical weathering occur the fastest?
Answer:
Hot, wet
What type of soil is
20% clay
40% silt
40% sand?
20% clay
40% silt
40% clay
Question #29:
What kind of land is best for crops?
Answer:
Flat with drainage
Question #30:
What is it called when farmers make cuts in the land that eventually get big enough for erosion?
Answer:
furrowing
Question #31:
What is it called when deep cuts are formed in the ground by water or wind erosion?
Answer:
gullying
Question #31:
What is it called when farmers use methods to slow erosion?
Answer:
Soil conservation
(also a term used to maintain the QUALITY (nutrient-level) of soil
Question #32:
What is are some methods farmers use for soil conservation??
Answer:
Crop rotation
Contour plowing
Terracing
Strip cropping
Question #33:
What are the four agents of erosion?
Answer:
Wind, water, glaciers, gravity
Question #34:
What is the movement of fragments down a slope called?
Answer:
Mass movement
Question #35:
What is a rapid mass movement called?
Answer:
Landslide, mud flow, avalanche
Question #36:
What is a slow mass movement called?
Answer:
creep
Question #44:
What is the process by which the products of weathering are transported called?
Answer:
erosion
THE END