Key Topics
Developmental Psychology: �Conception to Death
Myers Modules 45-54
McElhaney
Unit 6 Part 1 Development:
Importance of Development
Basic Ideas
Developmental Psychology Defined
Nature vs. Nurture debate | |
| Environment Learning Models Examples Experiences |
Homework: ask parent about breast feeding experience.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Polygenic- something controlled by many genes
46 Chromosomes- contained in each human cell nucleus
Sperm and Ovum Carry 23 Chromosomes Each
Dominant and Recessive Features
Predictions related to genetic problems can be made
Mechanisms of recessive and dominant inheritance.
X and Y Chromosomes
The mother always contributes an X chromosome to the child.
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder (1 out of 800).
Human Growth Sequence�Types of Children (Charts of Developmental Milestones)(Charts of Developmental Milestones) another
Prenatal (conception to birth) Germinal-zygote- (first 2 weeks) Embryonic-embryo (2-8 weeks) Fetal-fetus (8 weeks to birth) |
Neonatal-neonate- (birth to a few weeks) Infancy-infant (few weeks after birth till walking 17 months) |
Early Childhood-toddler (15 months -2 ½ yrs) then 2-3 yrs) Middle Childhood (6-12yrs) |
Pubescence (2 yrs before puberty) Puberty (Point of development of biological changes-sexual maturity) Adolescence (full social maturity) |
Figure 45.3 Prenatal development (a)
The embryo grows and develops rapidly.
At 40 days, the spine is visible and the arms and legs are beginning to grow.
(b) By the end of the second month, when the fetal period begins, facial features, hands, and feet have formed.
(c) As the fetus enters the fourth month, its 3 ounces could fit in the palm of your hand.
Newborn Temperament� Types of Children (Charts of Developmental Milestones)(Charts of Developmental Milestones) another Genetic?
Sensitivity
Sensitive Periods
Genetic disorders (inherited) NATURE
Inherited
Sickle Cell Anemia, Hemophilia, Cystic Fibrosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Albinism
Fetal Vulnerability
Smoking is Bad
Unit 6 Part 1 Review:
Unit 6 Part 2 Development:
Healthy Pregnancy
Childbirth
Lamaze Classes- Ferdinand Lemaze
Learn about what to expect and how it works
Coping + emotional support
Newborn Brain
Neural Networks
Deprivation vs. Enrichment
Breast Feeding
Developmental Milestones:
Neonate Vision
Maturation
Social Attachments (key aspect)
Imprinting �(Animals/some birds only)
Unit 6 Part 2 Review:
Unit 6 Part 3 Development:
Emotional Attachment (bonding)
Separation Anxiety Disorder
5% of all children (1 in 20)
Children manifest misery when separated
Excessive fear
Reluctant to leave home
Reluctant to sleep at friends house
Reluctant to go to school
Attachment Qualities:
Harry Harlow-
Baby Monkey Separated from mothers
Surrogate mothers- Wire and Soft
Monkeys went to soft mom
Maternal/Paternal Influences�
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian:
Researchers Diana Baumrind found 3 styles
Spanking:�Studies say no�
Types of Discipline:
2. Withdrawal of Affection/Love
Effects:
3. Management Techniques:
Psychology in Action= Effective Parenting
*Most people parent the way they were parented.
Thus more mistakes are made.
2 Ingredients of Effective Parenting:
1 Communication 2 Discipline
What to do:
Set Boundaries of behavior for kids
Be consistent= stable rules of conduct-🡪 creates security
Problems
Saying one thing and doing something else
Making statements you don’t mean
Overstating consequences
Not checking to see if the child has done something wrong
Contradicting rules set by spouse
Mean what you say
Responding differently to same behavior
Unit 6 Part 3 Review:
Unit 6 Part 4 Development:
Psychological Stage Theories:
Stage theories of development suggest that development can be divided into distinct stages which are characterized by differences in behavior.
Stages usually correspond to AGE and Behavior
We behave a certain way at certain chronological ages.
Piaget
Schema Theory
Assimilation and Accommodation
Assimilation and Accommodation
Piaget
Piaget Stages:
Age 2-7 Pre-Operational Stage
Age 7-11 Concrete Operational Stage
Age 11 and up Formal Operational: Abstract
Quiz Piaget
How does Autism Spectrum Disorder affect development? (ASD)
Social Deficiencies
Different levels of severity
Blooms�Taxonomy
Vygotsky and Socio-Cognitive Theory of Development