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Starting point: European overwhelming achievements

Table 1 (from Lynn, 2007, updated)

Population size (millions), Nobel prize-winners and Fields medalists,

and total achievements per 1 billion, (1906-2013) populations are at 1950 and 2000 approximately.

Africans Europeans North East S. Asians &

(IQ70) (IQ100) Asians (IQ105) N. Africans(IQ85)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Pop.(billion) .5(.8) 1 1 (1.5) 1 (2.2)

Nobels Science 0 407 23 6

Nobels Literature 1 97 4 4

Nobels Economics 0 51 0 1

Fields: Math 0 61 5 1

Total 1 594 32 12

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Per billion 2 594 32 12

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Institutional IF map (Scimago Lab)

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Openness to experience

Europeans 50.1
NEAsians 44.15
Africans 47.4
South Asians 49.2
Latin Americans 51.0

For .6 SD to makes 20 (15) times more achievements,

Asians should be at z =5.3 , or .05/1 million, (for Europeans, 4.78 = 1/1 million)

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2. Learning Aptitude (LA)

Top .2% students (semifinalists of SAT scores) contain 28% of Asians (consisting of 5% of total population.)

-> 6 times more

Ivy league about 16% (with quota),

but Caltech and UCs near 40% -> 6 times more

US Math Olympiads since 2000 were 58% Asians. -> 11 times more

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Asians as overachievers

Where White are at 1%, .1%, .01%, Asian 0.33 SD higher IQ means 2.3%, .28%, .035%.

These figures tell us that 2.3-3.5 times more Asians should be in the higher education.

-> Asians are at least 2-3 times more represented in the top achievers (student aptitude).

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Jewish performance

Jewish students (2.2% of the whole population) are 25% in the elite universities and 30% of Nobels

-> 11 - 15 times more

Their IQ is 115 -> 1% .1%, .01%

contains 9.3%, 1.83%, .33% Jews

-> Elite university enrollment, Nobels and Fields are natural

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3. Two personality traits�for great achievements

1. To hit upon new ideas

Openness = curiosity = DRD4 (7-repeat)

2. To develop new ideas against established standards

Individualism = less anxiety = 5HTTLPR (long)

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DRD4 7 repeat (curiosity)

Widely suspected as ADHD gene (Faraone et al., 1999, 2003)

7-repeat appeared around 40kya

Africans 10-20%, Europeans 10-25%, Latin Americans 40-70%

(Ding et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2004)

Negative selective pressure in East Asia

Chinese 0%, Japanese 1%

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Positive selection for migration

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5HTTLPR for social anxiety

Shorter allele causes social anxiety

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Individualism vs. Collectivism

Hofstede (1980, 2001) is most widely known,

also Triandis (1995)

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IDV is almost equal to science�Scientific Collaborations 2005-2009, (Sciencematirx, Inc.)

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IDV difference (Hofstede et al., 2010) (mean 43, SD 25)

Australia 96 China 20

Austria 55 Hong Kong 25

Belgium 65 Japan 46

Canada 80 Korea 18

Denmark 74 Singapore 20

Finland 63 Taiwan 17

France 71 Average 24.3

Germany 67

Italy 78

Netherlands 80 1.98 SD difference ->

New Zealand 79 European average = 2.3 percentile for Asians

Norway 69

Spain 61

Sweden 71

Switzerland 68

U. K. 89

U.S. 91

Average 73.9

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Individualism as a risky strategy

Fincher et al. (2008) showed

Risks of pathogenic diseases in the past correlate with Collectivism (ethnocentrism, conformity, xenophobia).

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Chaio & Blizinsky (2009)

5HTTLPR (long) correlates with Individualism (through anxiety)

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Way & Leiberman (2010) �

μ-opioid receptor OPRM1 A118G (G) polymorphism for sensitivity against social exclusion

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They correlate to each other�(20-34 effective populations)

5HTTLPR DRD4-7R open. conscient. extrav. neuro. IDV

5HTTLPR(L) 1

DRD4-7R .326 1

openness .424 .375 1

conscientiousness .638 .196 .223 1

extraversion .583 .006 .288 .245 1

neuroticism -.698 -.222 -.085 -.596 -.297 1

IDV .486 .220 .137 .048 .217 -.028 1

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Factor analysis of “q” for Eurasian continent (n=13)

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Factor scores for peoples

Europeans .53

Asians -1.83

N.Africans & S. Asians .29

Africans N.A.

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4. Learning aptitude = IQ -.1q

Frey & Detteman (1982) r(IQ, SAT) =.82

Deary et al. (2007) r(IQ, GCSD) =.81

Assuming test-retest r=.9, then

the rest (some 10%+) may well be explained by q

Learning apt. IQ-.1q >2 IQ-.1q >4

Asians 65801/mil. 240/mil.

Europeans 18823/mil. 24/mil.

This fits the reality that Asians 3 to 10 times more

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Scholastic aptitude = IQ+.5q

SA IQ+.4q >4 IQ +.5q >5

Asians 67/mil. 2.2/mil.

Europeans 481/mil. 42.8/mi.

The second column is almost identical to

(IQ, q ) > (3, 1)

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IQ+.5q > 5 reflects reality

Scholar aptitude IQ+.5q > 4 > 5

Asians (.33, -1.83) 68.1/mil. 2.2/million

Europeans (0, .53) 960/mil. 42.8/million

North Africans

& S. Asians (-1, 0.29) 27.5/mil. 1.0/million

Africans (-1.33, 0) 3.7/mil. 0.09/million

(-2, 0) 0.6/mil. 0.01/million

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4. Lack of Curiosity

Ideal disciplines

Math. Ph.D. (2000–2004) 7.8% or 147 Asian Americans to 1891 all Americans

Philosophy Ph.D. (1995-2009) around 3% for Asian Americans

Pragmatic disciplines

In 2004, Asian medical school graduate were 3,166, while Whites are 10,120

-> 3 times more Asians

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) 17% of jobs are Asian

-> 3 times more Asians

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Jobs in Silicon Valley

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Tentative conclusion

Asians learn industriously what has been already established.

They do not create brand-new ideas.

Difference is Asian student aptitude and scholastic aptitude is whether or not they have a clearly defined goals which are socially established (doctors) or known to be useful (engineers).

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5. Asians may have smaller SD

It has been pointed out that Asians have smaller bio-diversity, hence IQ distribution narrower.

No Newton, Einstein, Gauss etc.

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Further from Africa, �less genetic diversity

(Harpending & Rogers, 2000)

Patterns in micro-satellite markers in 15 populations analyzed in Lynn Jorde’s laboratory.

-> N.Europeans 3.7 alleles, Asian 3.2 (15% difference)

Patterns in microsatellite markers in 10 populations analyzed in Kenneth Kidd’s laboratory.

-> Europeans 4.76 alleles, Asians 3.7 (29% difference)

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Height, IQ

European SD = 7cm (Subramanian et al., 2011)

Japanese SD = 5.6cm (20% narrower SD)

PISA N. Europeans (Denmark, Netherlands, France, Germany, Sweden, Norway) SD =96

Japanese, Korean, Singapore, Chinese (Hong Kong, Macao, Shanghai, Taipei) SD = 92

(5% narrower SD)

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Euclid, Einstein, Newton

Assuming that .05 narrower distribution with 5 IQ points (.33) higher average,

At least 6 SD difference needed to make the numbers of geniuses equivalent.

Maybe historical geniuses in this category,

But it seems more appropriate to blame the lack of curiosity.

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6. conclusion

Asians are less curious and do not pursue his/her unique ideas (very low q factor)

They appreciate practicality but not ideals

They stick to traditions and not try very different things, either ideas, method, natural, social philosophy.

If something works (science, math, medicine etc.), they learn it quickly but do not create by themselves

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7. Further research directions

We may decompose q to genetic and

environmental contributions,

by looking at different ethnic immigrants.

i.e., Is it like g or like a language?

Model-fitting statistics are needed for both

LA and SA