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Case for Diversity in Open Source

Dr. Vandana Singh

Professor and Program Director,

University of Tennessee

www.sis.utk.edu/vandana

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Hello!

Vandana Singh

About 20 years of research on OSS – variety of settings - focus on Diversity in OSS

www.sis.ut.edu/vandana

vandana@utk.edu

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Agenda

  • Diversity in OSS – Why Bother?
  • Actionable Results from my Research
  • Current Diversity Initiatives in OSS
    • Challenges
  • Way forward
    • What can we do as individuals?
    • What can communities/community managers do?

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Definitions – DEI (Diversity, Equity and Inclusion)

  • Diversity: The term diversity is used to describe individual differences (e.g. life experiences, learning and working styles, personality types) and group/social differences (e.g. race, socio-economic status, class, gender, sexual orientation, country of origin, ability, intellectual traditions and perspectives, as well as cultural, political, religious, and other affiliations)
  • Inclusion: The term inclusion is used to describe the active, intentional, and ongoing engagement/commitment with diversity

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���Equality vs Equity

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Equality is about dividing resources in matching amounts, and Equity focuses more on dividing resources proportionally to achieve a fair outcome for ALL involved.

  • Diversity is where everyone is invited to the party
  • Equity means that everyone gets to contribute to the playlist
  • Inclusion means that everyone has the opportunity to dance

https://diversity.umich.edu/about/defining-dei/

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WHY DEI is important?

WHY DIVERSITY IN OSS?

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“Women make more than 51% of the US work force, more than 20% of the tech work force and less than 2-3 % of the OSS community; these numbers have been stagnant for last two decades; ”

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Why Diversity in OSS?

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  • Right now it looks pretty bad
    • The numbers are horrible
    • The experiences that are bring highlighted are mostly negative

  • The bottom line is hurting
    • More and more jobs in IT and not enough qualified people – women can help with that!

  • Diversity is great for innovation!
    • Supporting diversity is in favor of creating innovative software

  • Women USE the software – if they had equal say in CREATING it, the products will be more successful

https://hbr.org/2016/11/why-diverse-teams-are-smarter?

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Why do women care?

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  • They are missing out on benefits and opportunities that men avail from participating in OSS communities

    • Learning new skills
      • Programming, Testing, UX, etc.
      • People/software management

    • Networking and Connections

    • Job opportunities

    • Documented experience

    • Knowledge!

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Why Diversity in OSS?

  • OSS has a bad reputation: Anecdotal evidence (blogs and forums) and Research show “hostile, discriminatory and predatory” experience of women and underrepresented minorities (URMs).

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My Research

Results and Ongoing Projects

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Motivated and Capable but No Space for Error – Women’s Experiences of Contributing to Open Source Software

  • Methodology: Surveys and Interviews
  • Key Takeaways:

  • All women impacted by the underrepresentation of women and feel isolated.
  • First experience with OSS was critical; often a “welcome person” made it a positive experience. Mentors + Safe Spaces
  • Coding is NOT the only thing you can contribute.
  • Codes of Conduct are important!!
  • Women have to prove themselves and work extra to justify

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It did not seem like they were contributing to something intellectually but rather seemed more like a daring endeavor. The advice for newcomers included comments such as “you have to be brave; you have to be strong; you have to ignore; you have to be extra smart; etc.” This kind of advice made the author wonder why participation in a community where you are contributing your skills, often without pay, should be such a crusade! In addition to the knowledge and skills that these women bring to the community, why do they also have to do this onerous labor of managing a hostile environment?

Motivated and Capable but No Space for Error – Women’s Experiences of Contributing to Open Source Software

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Inclusion Initiatives by OSS

  • Methodology: Website Content Analysis on CoC and Women only Spaces
  • Key Takeaways

  • No Standard Names / Length / Sections for Codes of Conduct (11 different names in 28 codes out of 355 websites);
  • Women only spaces useful but scarce (12/355)

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Women Only Spaces – “Safe Spaces”

  • Methodology: Website Content Analysis
  • Key Takeaways
  • No Standardized spaces or activities
  • Activities such as increasing the visibility of active women, connecting mentors, opportunities for collaboration, organization of events, educational opportunities and spaces for social support

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Women supporting each other in OSS

  • Methodology: Forums Content Analysis (5 forums, 10698 messages and 1, 344 participants)
  • Key Takeaways - “safe spaces” In these spaces, women receive and provide social support, emotional support, informational support COMPLETE THIS

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Codes of Conduct and their role in OSS

  • Methodology: Forums Content Analysis
  • Key Takeaways
  • Codes of Conduct are important; customized are better
  • Declare your take support for minorities (Specify separate harassment procedures)
  • Enforcement planning is critical
    • Conflict of Interest, Visibility of Enforcement, Include women in governance.

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Study of the Discrimination and Hostility

  • Methodology: Forums Content Analysis
  • Key Takeaways
  • Harassment of women is common; ranges from micro aggressions to rape and death threats; Women report persistent and normalized experiences of sexism and misogyny.
  • Impact on their well being is real and damaging. Shows individual harm and collective harm (me too).
  • Women leave OSS because of this treatment.

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Action Items:

  • Create and support Safe spaces for women
  • Create and Enforce customized Codes of Conduct
  • Highlight the profiles of successful women/URMs
  • Facilitate mentoring and networking opportunities
  • Engage women in OSS governance

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Challenges

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Challenges

Lack of Awareness

Lack of Allies

Lack of positive storytelling

Enforcement of Codes of Conduct

Ruthless decisions by Organizations

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  • About the status of diversity in OSS
  • About the value of diversity – measurable impact on the overall value of a brand/product
  • About the level of hostility/discrimination/harassment faced by URMs
  • About the IMPACT of this hostility on the careers and well being of URMs

Lack of Awareness

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Lack of Allies

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What can allies do?

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“We find that the combination of these strategies allows them to claim identities as allies without having to engage in concrete efforts that could challenge systems of oppression. We argue that systematically examining processes through which people construct and perform what it means to be an ally may provide insights into mechanisms whereby inequality is maintained and justified.”

https://academic.oup.com/socpro/article/68/2/358/5809595

What can allies do?

Amplify stories�Raise voice in advocacy

Enforcement of CoC

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“VM (Vicky) Brasseur, an award-winning free/open-source advocate and corporate strategist, said, "A little over a year ago I finally joined @fsf". They had finally taken action against RMS, a man who has not only been demonstrably toxic himself but is also a role model of toxicity in #FreeSoftware. RMS was holding FSF and Free Software back. Despite that well-known toxicity, FSF announced on Twitter that RMS is returning to its board of directors. Their one step forward in September 2019 converted to two large steps back to the Free Software dark ages."

Josh Simmons, president of the Open Source Initiative (OSI), which oversees open-source licenses, tweeted "I am shocked and appalled by the news out of LibrePlanet that RMS, a known harasser, is returning to the FSF Board.

Ruthless decisions by Organizations

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Way Forward

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My Commitment

  • Continue my research so that I can keep publishing empirical evidence to increase awareness
  • Providing actionable results for OSS
  • Continue introducing my students to OSS
  • Developing formal mentorship alliances with OSS communities
  • Disseminating my research at diverse venues
  • Supporting future development of “safe spaces” for women of OSS

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Do something, measure it and then improve upon it- iterative problem solving

  • DEI is not a Big Bang Approach but consistent commitment and improvement is needed.

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Thank you!