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Class 9

Unit- Population, Migration, Settlements

Topic- Migration

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By

Meghana V

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MIGRATION

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Permanent or temporary shifting of residence of people from one place to another.

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Why do people migrate ?

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PULL/VOLUNTARY

PUSH/ FORCED

  • Better job opportunities
  • Better living conditions
  • Education
  • Security
  • Attractive climate
  • More political and religious freedom
  • Family links
  • Availability of resources etc.
  • Not enough jobs
  • Few opportunities
  • Inadequate conditions
  • Famine or drought
  • Natural disasters
  • Pollution
  • Political instability
  • War etc.

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Levels of Migration

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International Migration- Migration across international boundaries

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  • Immigration- The inward movement of people to a country
  • Emigration- Outward migration of people from one country to another.

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Internal migrations- Migrations within the country.

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  • Interstate migration- Migration from one state to another.

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  • Intrastate migration- Migration of people within the state.

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  • Inter district migration- Migration across district

boundaries.

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  • Intra district migration- Migration within the district.

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Types of Migration

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  • Rural to rural
  • Rural to urban
  • Urban to urban
  • Urban to rural

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Consequences of migration

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Positive

Negative

  • Sharing of human resources
  • Flow of foreign currency to the parent country
  • Facilitates exchange of technology
  • More employment opportunities
  • Opportunities for higher education

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  • Over population in certain regions
  • Scarcity of resources
  • Weakens social ties among people
  • Causes the formation of slums
  • Causes the spread of communicable diseases
  • Imbalances in the sex ratio
  • Country loses the service of the educated and the youth
  • Exploitation of resources
  • Environment pollution

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