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Dr. Pallav Shekhar

Asstt. Professor

Veterinary Medicine

UNIT-6

Parafilariosis, Theilaziosis and Kumri

Parafilariasis

• Bleeding point
• Summer Bleeding
• Haemorrhagic dermatitis

Etiology and Host

• Parafilaria bovicola in Cattle and Buffalo

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• P. papillomatosis in Horses

L/C

• Indirect L/C and fly act as I/H

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Clinical signs

Clinical signs

• It produces nodules on the skin and there is rupturing of the skin and bleeding from the site.
• The only external signs of infection in cattle are focal cutaneous hemorrhages (“bleeding spots”) that may ooze for some hours before clotting and drying in the matted hair of the coat.
• Bleeding spots are induced by the female worm, which causes the formation of a small nodule, perforates the skin, and oviposits in the blood dripping from the central wound. 

Diagnosis

• Clinical Signs
• Differential diagnosis of thorns, wire, ticks, or biting insects.
• For differentiation, either fresh or dried blood should be mixed with water in a test tube and centrifuged.
• The characteristic eggs are found on microscopic examination of the sediment.

Treatment

• Ivermectin 0.2mg/kg S/C

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• Levamisole -7.5mg/kg for 5 days

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• Nitroxynl – 20 mg /kg repeated after 3 days

Theilaziasis�( Eye Worm)

• Worms are usually 2cm long.

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• L/C indirect and musca or face fly act as I/H.
• It is clinically characterized by excessive lacrimation, conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration and abscess formation.
• More common in cattle than horses

Treatment

• Ivermectin.
• Manual removal of the worms under the control of local anesthetic.
• Levamizole @ 5mg /kg b.wt orally or 1:2000 aq. Soln of iodine or 3% soln. of Piperazine may be administered in nasolacrimally.

Kumri or Lumbar Paralysis�Cerebrospinal nematodiasis

Pathogenesis

Treatment