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Biodiversity

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Biodiversity

  • Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you'll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world.

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  • Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate web, to maintain balance and support life.
  • Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans.

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The classification of living things into five kingdoms

  • The first person to divide living things into five broad kingdoms was North American ecologist Robert Whittaker.
  • Whittaker’s theory was widely accepted and the scientific community thereby added a new group to the previous four-kingdom system, established by the American biologist Herbert Copeland in 1956.
  • Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera.
  • The organisms are divided into the five kingdoms based on their general features like: cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition and reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships.

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Animal kingdom

  • The kingdom Animalia is the most evolved and is divided into two large groups – vertebrates and invertebrates.
  • These animals are multi-celled, heterotrophic eukaryotes with aerobic respiration, sexual reproduction and the ability to move.
  • This kingdom is one of the most diverse and comprises mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, molluscs and annelids, among others.

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Plant kingdom

  • Trees, plants and other species of vegetation make up part of the Plantae kingdom – one of the oldest, and characterised by its immobile, multicellular and eukaryotic nature.
  • These autotrophic things, whose cells contain cellulose and chlorophyll are essential for life on Earth since they release oxygen through photosynthesis.
  • Their method of reproduction, this may be either sexual or asexual.

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Fungi kingdom

  • This name is used to designate the fungi kingdom which includes yeasts, moulds and all species of mushrooms and toadstools.
  • These multicellular aerobic heterotrophic eukaryotes have chitin in their cell walls, feed off other living things, and reproduce through spores.

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Protista kingdom

  • This group is the most primitive of the eukaryotics and all the others are descendants of it.
  • The Protista kingdom is paraphyletic – it contains the common ancestor but not all its descendants – and it includes those eukaryotic organisms that are not deemed to be animals, plants or fungi such as protozoa.
  • It is so heterogeneous it is difficult to categorise it, since its members have very little in common.

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Monera kingdom

  • This is the kingdom of microscopic living things and groups together the prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria).
  • This group is present in all habitats and is made up of single-cell things with no defined nucleus. 
  • Most bacteria are aerobic and heterotrophic, while the archaea are usually anaerobic and their metabolism is chemosynthetic.

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Conclusion

  • The classification of the five kingdoms of nature remains the most accepted today, although the latest advances in genetic research have suggested new revisions and reopened the debate among experts.
  • The classification of the five kingdoms of nature remains the most accepted today, although the latest advances in genetic research have suggested new revisions and reopened the debate among experts.

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Thank you 😊 !!!

Prepared by

E.Ranjitha