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Blockchain applied,

the positive way

Blockchain Agora - 15.11.2018

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Contextual elements

"The world's most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data" The Economist

IDC forecasts that by 2025 the global datasphere will grow to 163 zettabytes

DATA EVERYWHERE...

How many customer accounts do you have?

(apps, services, internet, home, car, bank, insurance, government, gym, shopping, fidelity cards, mobility, etc..)

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Contextual elements

BUT NOWHERE SAFE...

Source

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Contextual elements

NEITHER TRUSTWORTHY...

Why Social Trust is Broken and How it is Ruining our Society

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Contextual elements

65.3 million

refugees and displaced people worldwide

1,2 billion

people currently lack docu-

ments to prove they exist

2 billion

people excluded from the tradition banking system

5%

of people insured in India

$2,5 trillion

to reach the UN SDGs

$1,5 trillion

of public corruption each year (2% of global GDP)

1,1 billion

people living off-grid

7,7%

average worldwide cost of remittances

NOR INCLUSIVE...

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Solution?

supported or enabled by technologies

SOCIAL INNOVATION !!

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Our approach - PositiveBlockchain.io

The first non-profit and open-source database, media platform and community exploring the potential of blockchain technologies for social and environmental impact.

The database currently lists more than 600 projects and startups using blockchain techs for good.

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Positiveblockchain.io Use Cases

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PB & UNECE - Blockchain for Sustainable health

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Blockchain?

Why?

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4 answers to “Why blockchain” for Social Innovation

DISTRIBUTED

DECENTRALIZED

TRANSPARENT

IMMUTABLE

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Blockchain + EU

December 2017:

EU Call on Blockchain for Social Good (-> June 2019)

February 2018:

EU Blockchain Observatory

April 2018: European Blockchain Partnership

with 22 countries�

Source

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October 2018: European Parliament key resolution

European Parliament resolution of 3 October 2018 on distributed ledger technologies and blockchains: building trust with disintermediation (2017/2772(RSP))

a tool that promotes the empowerment of citizens

Source

improving transparency and reducing transaction costs

allows peer-to-peer exchange of value

reducing administrative burdens for citizens, businesses and public administrations

potential to decentralise governance

reduce corruption

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Read Article

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Blockchain types of application

billion of users

hundred of �thousands

million of �use cases

Thousands

payment�trading�remittances�tipping�crowdfunding

identity�naming�ownership�voting

escrow�proofs�automation�processes�platforms

mobility�storage�healthcare�

Cryptocurrencies

Pegged Services

Smart Contracts

Decentralized Autonomous Organization

Source

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How can you apply it positively?

financial

inclusion

Land & property rights

Education

Certification & authenti-�fication

micro-transactions

P2P & sharing economy

State moder-�nization

Remittance

Provenance & tracking

Natural asset tokeni-�zation

Digital identity

philantropy

social impact verification (proof)

social behavioral incentives

DAOs

micro insurance or lending

medical records

anti counter-�feiting

liquid democracy

voting

Offsetting schemes

Micro-�ownership

music & arts

micro insurance or lending

medical records

green energy incentives

Human rights abuse

micro insurance or lending

freedom & speech & internet neutrality

fake news

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Smartcontract validation - CryptoRun - Brussels

USE CASE

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ProofofImpact – South Africa

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Using blockchain to capture impact value and reinvent how we finance social impact

Lulian Circo

Co-Founder

& CEO

https://proofofimpact.com/

USE CASE

let’s say an investor/ donor is funding a program aimed at educating girls. This program involves building schools, hiring & training teachers and ensuring that girls actually attend school.

Donor X Wants to fund a girl school education program

Therefore hires a middle-man organization to manage the work: construction, education, capacity building, job creation

These funds are usually referred as « Cost of Delivery »

BETTER ALTERNATIVE

See it as « Valuation of Impact » Education = weath

Transfer this value 100% directly to the community
Conditional on of verifying pre-agreed impact events
e.g. X girls attending school during the next 5 years

Members of that community with smartphones act as verification nodes. This includes girls in the community, parents, teachers. They are prompted inside an app to take pictures of their environment at random intervals. Teachers take picture of their class. Students take pictures of their colleagues & teachers. Every picture taken will have GPS location & a time-stamp. The app used is nothing more than a token wallet with a verification feature. People n the community value the token (which is essentially cash).

Pictures are uploaded on a global distributed network that could include millions of people globally — essentially nodes on the network. All these people have a token wallet on their phone where they store & trade value, make payments etc. They have opted in to act as verification nodes. Users answer simple questions about the pictures (“do these students look engage?” “how many girls do you see in this picture”?). The more powerful nodes can run AI/ ML scripts that evaluate patterns on these pictures. Eventually, a consensus of impact is achieved, which unlocks payment for the community & a small verification fee for the verifiers (who act as miners on this network). It all gets written on a block. This process can be optimized along proof of stakes principles and/ or adding machine-generated data as available.

�Verification:�Looks familiar? The logic of distributed verification is widely used already. Now replace “bicycles” in the reCAPTCHA above with “Mosquito nets” and we are getting somewhere.�

Going forward:

Same for any data!

Payment events

Pictures of things, geo-tagged and time-stamped

Unique QR codes

Spatial/ weather data.

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Nori – USA

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blockchain-based marketplace for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

https://proofofimpact.com/

Paul Gambill�CEO

USE CASE

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Ixo – South Africa

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Protocol and platform for claiming impact via the blockchain�

Shaun Conway

Founder & President

https://ixo.world

The generic process for evaluating an impact claim

USE CASE

The ixo protocol is the rails to optimize the creation of Impact Projects and then to streamline the collection and evaluation of the impact claims. The verified impact claims are then added to a global ledger of impact data which makes it available for analysis to optimize future projects.

«déclarations d’impact vérifiables»��It is developing a “proof of impact” protocol allowing data about projects–for example, that a child has been vaccinated or that a tree has been planted–to be recorded on a distributed ledger (a blockchain). This enables the claim of impact to be verified as legitimate and for funders thousands of miles of away to see that their money has been well spent. It also creates a new asset class, a cryptographic token that’s issued as the claim is authenticated, that could become the basis for a more organized, regulated form of investing.

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World Food Program of the United Nations in Jordan

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April 2016: Blockchain Discovery, work at the Munich WFP innovation lab

January 2017: PoC in Pakistan (100p), May 2017: trial in Jordan refugee camp: Azraq Refugee Camp in Jordan

Normally the WFP does: cash-Based Intervention: instead of giving food, give the means to purchase food themselves (mobile money, bank notes, vouchers): make their own decisions, more dignity, multiplier effect on local economy

They need financial Intermedidiary services: accouting creation, distribution mechanisms, transaction authoriation, reportings + paying the shops. it cost a lot, is not reliable, can go bankrupcy, takes time, needs reconciliation etc…

WITH BLOCKCHAIN:

All entitlements and transactions are recorded and verified in real time on the blockchain

A virtual wallet is created for each beneficiary were their transactions are recorded

The blockchain is in the backend, so there is no change from the beneficiary side

when a store requests authorisation for a purchase, it is the blockchain that is pinged and not the bank

Storing this information in the blockchain means that a beneficiary’s data is not shared with a third party

Impacts

Over 10,500 beneficiaries served

$1,6M

200k Tx

98% fee reduction (local banks)

through 100,000 transactions

No info Shared

No Funds Advance

Full Control

Faster & Flexible

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AliceSI - London

Raphael Mazet�Founder & CEO

https://alice.si/

USE CASE

a platform that brings transparency to social funding through Blockchain technology

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Mobilized Construction – Kenya/Uganda

Kevin Lee

Co-Founder &

CEO

Collect road condition data

Deploy maintenance teams on marketplace (smart contracts)

Workers get paid through mobile

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User generate reports (crowd-sourced data)

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the Blockchain way of fixing Africa’s roads

https://www.mobilizedconstruction.com /

USE CASE

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Mother getting to the hospital

Rain: taxi rate from 1 to $4

6,5 Mkm of unpaved road: Africa, India, South America, South-East Asia

3,7 trillion of $ of infrastructure. 2,7 funded or tbf. 1 trillion gap.

Impacts:

Infrastructure costs reduction
50% decrease in travel time
50% decrease in fares
400% increase in vehicle activity

Example:

Kiarutara, Kenya

Impact: 17 jobs, improved market access for 2,000kg of tea leaves and 1,000L of milk daily, decrease of taxi fares from US$0.50 to US$0.30.

Micro PPP to fill out the financing gap of road infrastructure

Labor based maintenance. No new (World Bank since 15-20y).

But Mbilized Construction does it through the tech

1. Measure International Roughness Index through acceleromete & imagery analysis. We translate vehicle movements to calculate International Roughness Index (IRI) and use our machine learning algorithms to identify the locations of road hazards like potholes.

Create a map where the repairs are needed

2. Creates micro contracts for local people to fix the roads

Document work they do.

3. Get paid when the repair has been validated (next cars driving, quality standards..)

Smart contracting: Assess contractor performance through real-time data collection and compensate vehicle operators for data collection.

User generated reports: Crowdsourced data and road hazard reporting from local citizens to identify hazards quickly and accurately.

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WWF & Blockchain Tuna fish - Australia

Where does my fish come from?
From illegal fishing?
From companies abuse human rights?
Is it sustainable fishing?

USE CASE

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https://www.wwf.org.nz/what_we_do/marine/blockchain_tuna_project/

Through blockchain technology, soon a simple scan of tuna packaging using a smartphone app will tell the story of a tuna fish – where and when the fish was caught, by which vessel and fishing method. Consumers will have certainty that they’re buying legally-caught, sustainable tuna with no slave labour or oppressive conditions involved.

A combination of radio-frequency identification (RFID) and QR codes will be used to capture information throughout the supply chain. A RFID tag will be affixed when the fish comes on board the vessel, which will follow the fish and register automatically at various devices positioned on the vessel, at the dock, and in the processing facility. Once the product enters the processing facility and is partitioned out into various products, it will receive a QR code (or potentially in the future an near field communication (NFC) device) that will track the product to its ultimate fate all the way past the retailer.

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Drug anti-counterfeiting

700,000 deaths per year related to counterfeit malaria and tuberculosis (WHO)
Every tenth medical device in developing countries is fake.
20% of all medicines sold in India are counterfeit

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Kidner - Berlin, Germany

https://www.kidner-project.com

a platform that helps healthcare facilities finding match for kidney paired-donation

Sajida Zouarhi

Co-Founder - CEO

Maroussia Arnault

Co-Founder - COO

USE CASE

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How it works …

Kidney Transplantions

Individuals suffering from kidney failure today face significant challenges to obtain a transplant.

They are placed on a waiting list in hope that a kidney from a deceased donor is a transplant match.

However, they do have another option: a living donor; someone they know, family or friend, willing to give them a kidney.

Unfortunately, these people may not be a transplant match, however there is a solution called “Kidney Exchange” or “Kidney Paired Donation”.

In these programs, if two mismatched pairs (living donor and kidney recipient) can be grouped together to become transplant match, both kidney failure patients can receive a kidney. While a great solution, these programs have a significant pitfall. They are limited in terms of geographical scope.

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BitPesa – Kenya

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Elizabeth Rossiello

CEO and Founder

https://public.bitpesa.co/

digital/crypto foreign exchange and payment platform for frontier markets

USE CASE

9. BitPesa (Africa): BitPesa for businesses provides a simple way to send and collect payments to and from Africa for small businesses. The employer can send money to their employees, distributors, or suppliers in Africa with one easy payment from nearly anywhere in the world. Payments are processed in a day, minimizing FX risk.

Launched in 2013 in Nairobi

Staff also in London, Luxemburg, Lagos, Dakar

Started by helping SMEs move money

Then launched to Tanzania

2015 Expanded to help companies send and receive money in and out of Uganda and Nigeria

90% Cheaper

BitPesa charges just 1-3% on average, compared to 10% charged by others.

93% Faster

BitPesa sends money in as little as 1-24 hours. Other services take 2-14 days!

100% Easier

Use BitPesa anywhere, on any device, to send money in just a few clicks.

Interesting points

Partnered with M-Pesa: Nigeria more than 50% of adults have an M-Pesa wallet
Developped a white-label remittance solution

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Atlas – New York / Ghana

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Mickey Costa

Co-founder

& CEO

James Schuler

Co-founder

& CTO

Peer-to-peer community banking platform

https://atlas.money/

USE CASE

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Bitminutes – USA

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A prepaid minute token (BMT) to provide low-cost financial services

Tom Meredith

Founder & CEO

www.bitminutes.com/

A prepaid minute token (the BMT) to provide low-cost financial services to the world’s two billion under-banked consumers

peer-to-peer cash transactions to over 2 billion bank accounts in 70 countries and prepaid top-up to over 4 billion mobile accounts in over 200 countries.

Launched by an Harvard/Stanford team.

HQ in US and subsidiary in Liechtenstein (to turn BMT tokens into ERC20).

Advisor former CEO of SWIFT

Launched first product in 2016 based on ethereum

Blockchain used for making purchases, transferring money, generating loans and using airtime minutes

BMT are bought by using bitcoin, ethereum, of USD.

Benefit: receive prepaid airtime. Money Transfer. Lending.

BitMinutes ownership and transactional records will establish a new type of consumer credit score

Bitminutes are asset based, so can be used as collateral for microlending.

already traded actively, if informally, in emerging markets around the word

ISO 20022 banking standard; possible to transfer bitminutes between global clearingnetworks (swift, master card), or bockchains ripple, ethereum..

June 2018:

signed one biggest retailer of financial services in Columbia: 20000 locations (western union of columbia). 1 million columbians use it for their payroll.
Partners with « World capacity builders »: contract with philippines gov to create and distribute mobile wallets (mobile accounts). Got the MOU.

Targeting countries like Mexico, India, Philippines, Vietnam.

100 000 Trusted Network Agents

Goal 2019: 300 000 agents, several million customers.

Preparing an online exchange to facilitate liquidity for people to exchange BMT.

Also a P2P cash out global distribution network.

KYC, AML processes, regulatory constraints. Compliance officer, integrate into swift (lasted 1 year), mastercard (more than 1 year).

Started with Ripple. Then Ethereum. Need great partners.

Dash / Bitrefill similar

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Social Plastic – by Plastic Bank & IBM

A solution to track plastic containers and incentivize the collect of plastic wastes

https://www.plasticbank.org/ �

MATTHIEU

An initiative creating social and environmental impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency. It uses a consistent, above-market rate for plastic waste, thus incentivizing its collection. Individuals who gather our plastic can trade it for money, items or services.

PLASTIC BANK STOPS OCEAN PLASTIC WHILE REDUCING POVERTY. WE DO THIS BY TURNING WASTE INTO CURRENCY.

By enabling the exchange of plastic for money, items or Blockchain secured digital tokens, we reveal the value in plastic. This empowers recycling ecosystems around the world and stops the flow of plastic into our oceans. All while helping people living in poverty build better futures. The Plastic Bank creates social and environmental impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency.

To do this, The Plastic Bank provides a consistent, above-market rate for plastic waste, thus incentivizing its collection. Individuals who gather our plastic can trade it for money, items or services. Social Plastic® is plastic that has been verified by Plastic Bank.

The Plastic Bank also provides the ability for local entrepreneurs to set up and operate a convenience store for the poor, in which plastic waste is the currency. Plastic collected through The Plastic Bank is recycled and sold at a premium as Social Plastic®. The value of Social Plastic® goes beyond the commodity price of plastic: a ladder of opportunity is created for the world’s poor by providing access to income, goods and services and plastic is kept out of the ocean.

In addition to using our recycled plastic, both people and companies have the ability to off-set their own plastic footprint.

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Banana Coin – Laos

https://www.bananacoin.io

A crypto currency to raise funds for a banana plantation in Laos

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Etherisc – Germany

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Christoph Mussenbrock

Co-founder, Protocol &

Architecture

https://etherisc.com/

Decentralized insurance protocol to collectively build insurance products

Renat Khasanshyn

Co-founder, Ecosystem &

Community

Stephan Karpischek

Co-founder, Ecosystem &

Community

For Crop Insurance

For Disaster Recovery

HQ Icking Germany. founded in July 2016. Swiss Foundation and ICO in Q2 2018. raised more than 45M (8000 ETH+)

hired an expert on developing-world microinsurance, Michiel Berende

a platform that allows anyone to design, launch and distribute their own insurance products (dapps)

Currently 2 products and 20 in preparation

For flight delays (already a product on the market, for crop insurance or disaster recovery (piloting)

Hurricane Guard that is being built by a group of developers in Puerto Rico.

Problems:

Conflict of interest with highly asymmetric power distribution with insurance companies: Misaligned incentives = lack of trust.

Rent-seeking insurers extracting enormous profits (30-50%)

Hurricane: take 6-9 months for family to receive compensation

Lack of transparency

in traditional economies, the higher the GDP per capita, the higher the percentage of insurance within that economy

billion small-scale farmers produce crops but insuring them cost to much (juice not worth the squeeze). they are at the mercy of the palpable effects of global warming.

Create concept of inclusive insurance, bringing back mutuality. microinsurance" is often defined as coverage for people on very low incomes.

How and why blockchain? verify in real time how many insurance policies have been sold in specific distribution channels. Remove intermediaries, reduce costs, automize claim process, create mini-insurance pools, use smart contracts for policy underwriting and payouts

Create risk pools that could be public or private

Can trade Risk pool risks like insurance linked securities

Etherisc's platform locks up premiums in smart contracts on the public ethereum blockchain. When certain pre-set parameters are met (in this case, a weather sensor picking up high-speed winds), payouts are triggered instantly.

Decentralized oracles to incentivize claims assessors

Oracles with authoritative data for parametric insurance

Use Augur: Augur | A Decentralized Oracle & Prediction Market Protocol

Ethereum based

Alternative: Insurepal. Insurance companies like Axa and Zurich also looking to develop similar products

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Estonia, today

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Positive Impact Blockchain Contest - 1pm today!

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Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)

Organizations without leadership
All rules enforced digitally
Automation in decision making, contracting, transacting, voting

Organizational Decentraliza-

tions

Unbundling & Deregulation

Crypto-trust & consensus

Peer �Production

Source

DAO enablers

Path to DAO

Participative

Collaborative

Co-operative

Distributed

Decentralized

Autonomous

voluntary

Added value

Shared Gains

Scale

Multiplication

AI Sustainability

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tool to allow for the organization to run without managerial supervision, without leaders

Theoretically a DAO company could run completely autonomously if the platform provided sufficient rules and flexibility

companies without CEOs or hierarchy

Healthcare clinics can function autonomously, cab companies can control a fleet of driverless cabs, a software development company can employ thousands of independent programmers. The list is quite large and a DAO model can be applied to almost any business.

Example: bitcoin in a simple way, Dash,

The idea behind DAO companies is that the rules upon which the company functions are enforced digitally

Presently a DAO structure could completely replace the functions of companies such as Dropbox, Kickstarter, Uber and Amazon and get rid of their “inefficient” human managers

Problems:

need enough voting participation
complexe to set up and implement
smart contract = diffcult to debug/change
legal status unclear: who is legally responsible/liable?

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Do I need blockchain?

DATABASE

TRUST

PARTICIPATION

+ IMMUTABLE

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Thank you!

Lucas Zaehringer

PositiveBlockchain.io

lucas.zaehringer@gmail.com

hello@positiveblockchain.io

.io