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Engineering Project

A.L.E.R.T. - Advanced Location Edge Risk Tracker

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Problem:

With the rise of social media and travel blogging, National parks around the world are facing a new problem. Travel bloggers and influencers are going to extreme extents at popular spots to make a good reel or take a good photo. Hundreds of people die every year in National Parks as a result, despite the National Park Service (NPS) posting warnings and notices in prominent locations. The NPS has limited resources and cannot post rangers in every possible location to warn visitors. A system is needed to A.L.E.R.T visitors when they are too close to the edge of a cliff or mountainside.

Name: Omkar Vasisht

School: Deerfield Elementary

Grade: 6th

Teacher: Ms.Rosser

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Abstract

The problem was that in National Parks, influencers and tourists alike are taking unnecessary risks to get a good photo or take a good reel. The National Park Service (NPS) is implementing several approaches to prevent accidental falls while taking selfies including publishing safety guides, creating safety pledges, installing signage, educating visitors, promoting the “stay on the beaten path” rule, and creating designated viewpoints and selfie stations. There is a need for small, affordable solutions to warn people to that ignore the above techniques.

First I gathered all my materials and supplies, including an Arduino Uno R3, a HC-SR04 Distance sensor module, an Active Buzzer to produce beeping sound, a breadboard, a 9 Volt battery. Then, I created a diagram of the circuit. Next, I wired my circuit together following the diagram. Next, I connected the whole circuit to a breadboard, a board with pins in it. Then I connected the battery to the whole setup. Finally, I uploaded the code and tested it multiple times to make sure it worked.

In conclusion my solution was able to A.L.E.R.T visitors when they are too close to the edge of a cliff or mountainside. I was able to test my solution in various conditions that mimic real life situations like darkness, rain, fog, and smoke. Since my solution uses an Ultrasonic Distance Sensor, all of the scenarios had positive results.

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Introduction (Background Research)

In National parks around the US, many people have fallen off cliffs and canyon edges due to accidents and carelessness. “ Among those that died while hiking, 73 were the result of a fall, which was the most common cause of death for hikers.” as per NPS.gov. Also, According to KÜHL.com, “...but unfortunately, some of them fail to follow safety measures and warning signs. Grand Canyon has attracted an average of 5 million visitors each year over the past 16 years; however, not all take safety precautions seriously, which led to 1,633 search and rescue missions, and 169 lives lost. Hike smart everyone, and stay away from the cliffs. The selfies aren’t worth it.”

According to Perplexity.ai, the National Park Service (NPS) is implementing several approaches to prevent accidental falls while taking selfies including publishing safety guides, creating safety pledges, installing signage, educating visitors, promoting the “stay on the beaten path” rule, and creating designated viewpoints and selfie stations. There is a need for small, affordable solutions to warn people to that ignore the above techniques.

The Arduino Uno is a small computer that can be programmed to control things in the real world. It has a lot of tiny pins that can be connected to sensors and motors. You can use the Arduino Uno to make robots, lights that turn on and off, and even musical instruments. In my case, I will program the Arduino to produce a beeping sound when someone gets too close to it. The design for this project is inspired by Heonics’ Distance Variable Alarm, and uses the code from Heoncis’ distance Variable Alarm.

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The Engineering Solution, Prototype/Model to be tested.

For my A.L.E.R.T system, I will use an Arduino Uno (a small computer) and a HC-SR04 module (an ultrasonic distance sensor), and an Active Buzzer (a device that produces sound), to create a solution that can produce a beeping sound when someone gets too close to it. This solution unit will be encased in a plastic box so that it can be attached to already existing National Park fence posts or be placed near most ledges. I want to make this attachment as compact and easy to assemble as possible, with the code allowing parameters that can be tweaked to make it easier for the unit to adjust to the parks geographic features.

For testing purposes, I am going to set the distance to twenty centimeters. As I get closer to the setup, the ultrasonic sensor module will send a signal to the Arduino Uno which will then send a signal to the main buzzer which will beep every one second at a set frequency, until the person backs away.

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A.L.E.R.T Unit

Fence

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Materials

  • Arduino Uno
  • Arduino user manual with coding examples
  • Plastic case
  • Ultrasonic distance sensor
  • Active buzzer/ loud noise generator
  • 9 Volt Battery
  • M-M DuPont Wires
  • Breadboard
  • Circuit Diagram in TinkerCAD

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Arduino Uno

Ultrasonic distance sensor

Active Buzzer

Circuit Diagram

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Procedure

  1. I first gathered my materials, which were an Arduino Uno R3, a plastic case, a HC-SR04 Distance sensor module, Active Buzzer to produce beeping sound, a breadboard, a 9 Volt battery, and Male to Male DuPont wires.
  2. To begin, I created a circuit diagram on TinkerCad based on the example provided in the Arduino user manual and Heonics’ video
  3. I took my Arduino and connected pin 13 to Buzzer +ve, Arduino GND to Buzzer -ve, Arduino 5v to HC-SR04 +ve, Arduino GND to HC-SR04 -ve, pin 12 to Echo, and pin 11 to Trig, using Male to Male DuPont wires.
  4. Then, I connected the whole setup to a breadboard, which is a board with pins in it, so you can make big and advanced circuits.
  5. Next, I connected the setup to 9 Volt Battery, this part had to be done with care to ensure that the positive end of the battery was connected to the positive wire and the negative end was connected to the ground wire.
  6. Finally, I copied the code to Arduino IDE Code Editor, made adjustments, and uploaded it to my Arduino Uno.
  7. After finishing these steps, I ran the code and the setup started working.
  8. I tested the setup by placing my hand closer and farther from the sensor. I repeated the test using other objects such as a ruler, an apple, and a LEGO Minifigure. I also tested in different situations like darkness, twilight, and smoke using incense sticks.

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Results – Data/Observations

My tests with my A.L.E.R.T module were successful. It alerted my test subjects whenever they got too close to it.

A few things I noticed about my prototype were that:

  1. The Arduino Uno has lots of connections, so I had to be careful when plugging my wires in so I could get the desired effect.
  2. I realized that my unit can function in different situations, since the HC SR04 module used Ultrasonic sound wave to measure distance, and does not get affected by darkness and low visibility, like fog, smoke, or rain. This will help in real life situations in most National Parks.
  3. I realized that the buzzer can be programed to beep at different frequencies. This will come in handy when trying to alert people who are hard of hearing.
  4. The 9 Volt Battery could be replaced by a solar cell to give the unit a longer operational life. This will enable my module to be placed in remote locations.

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Discussion

In my research and discussions during with scientists during ASN, Academy 101, and Science Fair Office hours, I realized that my solution needs to work in different weather conditions, be compact, easy to assemble, and easy to maintain. This lead me to selecting components like the Ultrasonic Sensor and an Active Buzzer, and an Arduino for my solution. These components are cheap and easy to procure, making them cost-effective and easy to replace. The Arduino can be connected to other modules and programmed in the future to perform complex tasks like sharing data with rangers, and providing voice alerts.

My discussions with other scientists helped me create tests that mimic real life for my module, including testing it in complete darkness, rain, and in foggy conditions. All of these tests had positive results. Another test that I did was to measure the maximum and minimum distance of the ultrasonic sensor. what I found out was that the maximum was 20 centimeters and the minimum was 2 centimeters.

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Conclusion

National Parks have a unique problem with social influencers and tourists taking unnecessary risks in search of a good selfie or reel. My solution uses simple, yet effective technology to A.L.E.R.T such people and steer them away from harm. My solution works rain or shine (literally!) and can be easily scaled, meaning that it can mass produced in a cost-effective manner and deployed in remote locations.

I was able to test my solution in various conditions that mimic real life situations like darkness, rain, fog, and smoke. Since my solution uses an Ultrasonic Distance Sensor, all of the scenarios had positive results.

I see this solution being adopted by the NPS in addition to their existing approaches to deter people from the edge including posting notices and erecting fences. This unit can be attached to already existing fence posts. This can also be placed prominently on natural features around problematic areas.

Here are some ways to improve my solution in the future:

  • Replace the 9 Volt Battery with Solar Cells to reduce maintenance and improve operational life.
  • Add different sensors to make warning more reliable
  • Replace the buzzer with voice command (i.e ‘Please step away from the ledge”)
  • Add a way to record and then notify rangers about incidents.

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Reflection/Application

Things you might want to reflect on:

  • What did you learn from doing this project? I learned that sometimes difficult problems may have simple solutions. I also learned that one approach may not always work, and it may take many iterations. Finally, I learned that I should test my solution in different scenarios to make sure it is ready for the real world.
  • What you might have done differently? I could have used an Arduino Nano, a smaller version of the Uno, and would have probably gotten the same results.
  • What would be your next steps for researching this problem? I would probably research what technologies NPS is using, in addition to the techniques mentioned in slide 4, like geofencing, which is creating a virtual “fence” which alerts a phone when crossed.
  • How can your results be applied in everyday life? A similar technology is used in car backup cameras and other applications that rely on proximity sensors.
  • How could your results be applied to other studies? N/A

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References Cited

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