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Introducing a SIM™ Vocabulary Strategy:

Word Mapping

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How do you teach vocabulary in your classroom?

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If your summer was a food… what would it be?

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If your summer was a food… what would it be?

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New words are born every minute.

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  • One person I like to use a lot is Shakespeare.
  • Shakespeare is credited with inventing a lot of words, even though some scholars would debate if he really did invent the word.
  • For the most part most agree that he did:
    • take a lot of common words and make changes to them.
    • He changed nouns into verbs,
    • verbs into adjectives,
    • put words together that had never been put together before,
    • added prefixes,
    • suffixes,
    • and when he couldn’t get any of these methods to work: he made a new word!
    • Dr. Seuss or Lewis Carroll

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  • So, back to Shakespearean days, can you think of some words we might have now that he would not know what they were.
  • Shakespeare lived from 1564-1616 (Last of the 16th Century, First Part of the 17th Century.)

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LIST SOME!

BE SURE TO CLICK THE WORD CORONAVIRUS BELOW.

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Do You Know the Meanings of These New Words and Phrases?

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Swiped out …

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Swiped out …

An ATM or credit card that has been rendered useless because the magnetic strip is worn away from existence.

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Ego Surfing …

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Ego Surfing …

Scanning the Net, databases, print media and so on, looking for references to one’s own name.

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Mouse Potato …

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Mouse Potato …

The online, wired generation’s answer to couch potato.

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Having fun with words …

What a difference a letter makes!

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Intaxication …

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Intaxication …

Euphoria at getting a tax refund, which lasts until you realize it was your money to start with.

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Inoculatte …

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Inoculatte …

To take coffee intravenously when you are running late.

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Hipatitis …

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Hipatitis …

Terminal coolness

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Reintarnation …

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Reintarnation …

Coming back to life as a hillbilly.

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A Strategy Is How We

Plan, Execute and Evaluate

A Task

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The Word Mapping Strategy

  • Provides a plan of attack to use word parts to determine the meanings of unknown words.

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Remember these 16 items

Horse

Table

Hammer

Potato Chips

Television

Tree

Kitchen Sink

Camera

Pencil

Coffee Cup

Lawn Mower

Bird

Baby

Car

Cruise Ship

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What Strategies Did You Use?

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Introducing a SIM™ Vocabulary Strategy:

Word Mapping

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The Center for Research on Learning

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CRL

About the KU-CRL

  • Founded in 1978
  • Mission: Dramatically improve the performance of at-risk students through research-based interventions
  • $100 million dollars of contracted R & D
  • International Training Network
  • 175,000 teachers in 3,500 school districts

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CRL

The Strategic Instruction Model (SIM)

...dramatically improves the performance of students considered to be at-risk for school failure through research-based interventions.

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Learning Strategies Curriculum

Content Enhancement Routines

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SIM

Student Success

Learning Strategies Curriculum

Content Enhancement Routines

  • Cooperative Thinking Strategies

  • Community Building Strategies

  • Motivation Strategies

  • Teaming Techniques
  • Social Skills
  • Self-Advocacy
  • Strategic Tutoring

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Learning Strategies Curriculum

Acquisition

Word Mapping

Word Identification

Self-Questioning

Visual Imagery

Fundamentals of Paraphrasing & Summarizing

Paraphrasing

Inference

Storage

LINCS

First-Letter Mnemonic

Paired Associates

Listening and Note-Taking

Expression of Competence

Sentence Writing

Paragraph Writing

Error Monitoring

Theme Writing

Assignment Completion

Test-Taking

Essay Test Taking

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A student’s world is filled

with words!

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Every course has critical vocabulary …

exponent, logarithm, inverse, radius, postulate, polynomial, vector, transversal, rotation, algorithm

thesis, rhetorical, satire, allegory, context, mythology, inflection, narrator,

salutation, dialect

immigration, maritime, segregation, transformation, climate, diffusion, foreign

conservatism, exodus,

evaporation, recycle, chemical, homeostasis, oxidization, organism, radioactive, decibel spontaneous, seismic

muscular, nutrition, freestyle, endurance, resistance, opponent, flexibility, equilibrium,

cardiorespiratory

improvisation, tempo contemporary, choreographic, complementary, projection, meter

Math

English Language Arts

Social Studies

Science

Physical Education

The Arts

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Words Encountered

The average 5th grader encounters 10,000 new words in the school year

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TO STAY AT GRADE LEVEL

STUDENTS MUST

  • Learn to recognize many thousands of new words by sight in order to maintain fluency
  • Learn the meaning of thousands of new words

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Many Students

  • Have vocabulary deficits
  • Have not acquired or invented strategies for learning vocabulary
  • Need to learn the meaning of large numbers of words

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  • Open your packets to page
  • Using your advanced reading skills read the passage silently.
  • When you are finished reading, write the topic and main idea of the passage on your handout.
  • You will have 2 minutes to finish the task.

LET’S EXPERIMENT!

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A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) with a unique clinicopathological presentation may be linked to the disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in British cattle. Similar clinical, molecular, and neuropathological features have been observed in three BSE-infected macaque monkeys and 12 human cases of vCJD. In the human cases, spongiosis was evident in the striatum and thalamus, and was present in cortical areas and in the cerebellum. Abundant florid plaques, large cortical deposits of pathological prion protein, were present in both the macaques and the humans. The study provides evidence that the BSE agent in macaques is identical to that of vCJD in humans.

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HOW TO OVERCOME!

Engage our students with the best kind of vocabulary instruction that is research based and provides students with a strategy that works!

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The

WORD MAPPING STRATEGY

will help students

UNDERSTAND

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One Research Study

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Two Purposes of the Study

  • To measure the effects of instruction of the Word Mapping Strategy on:
    • Strategy Knowledge and Use
    • Vocabulary Knowledge of Taught Words
    • Morphemic Knowledge
    • Prediction of Word Meanings of Untaught Words
  • To compare the effects of a generative approach to a non-generative approach
    • The Word Mapping Strategy (generative) (WM)
    • The LINCS Vocabulary Strategy (non-generative) (VL)

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Participants

  • Ninth-grade English students (N=230)
    • SWD (n=24) and NSWD (n=206)
  • Nine intact classes
    • Three classes per group (WM, VL, TO)
  • Gender
    • Males=118/51%; females=112/49%
  • Ethnicity
    • C=81/35%; AA=83/36%; H=49/21%; O=17/8%
  • Achievement (SAT-10)
    • WM=SS/668; VL=SS/655; TO=SS/671

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Word Mapping Strategy Results

Performance on Vocabulary Tests

73%

Correct

Meanings

51%

Prediction

After Instruction

5%

Correct

Meanings

16%

Prediction

Before Instruction

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Highlights of the Design

  • Comparison group design:
    • Six randomly assigned classes (WM and VL)
    • Three normative classes (TO)
  • Controlled for teacher effects for WM and VL groups
  • Controlled for instructional time with all groups
  • Controlled for vocabulary words tested for all groups
  • Counterbalanced testing format

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Measures

  • Morphological Analysis Test
  • Affixes and Roots Test
  • Word Knowledge Test
  • Strategy-Use Tests
  • Student Satisfaction Surveys

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Can students learn the strategy?

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[Wilks’ Λ = .075, F(1,77) = 947.03, p < .001, partial η2 = .925]

Word Mapping

Vocabulary LINCing

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Can students learn the meanings of taught words?

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WM = Word Mapping

VL = Vocabulary LINCing

TO = Test-only

[Wilks’ Λ = .964, F(2,224) = 4.138, p = .017, partial η2 = .036]

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Can students learn the meanings of word parts?

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WM = Word Mapping

VL = Vocabulary LINCing

TO = Test-only

[Wilks’ Λ = .992, F(2,224) = .865, p = .422, partial η2 = .008].

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Can students use the strategy to predict the meaning of untaught words?

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WM = Word Mapping

VL = Vocabulary LINCing

TO = Test-only

[Wilks’ Λ = .943, F(2,224) = 6.780, p < .01, partial η2 = .057]

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Did students like the strategy and the instruction?

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The Word Mapping Strategy �has 4 key lessons.

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The 4 key lessons are…

  • Prefixes – Lesson 1 (pg. 14)
  • Suffixes – Lesson 2 (pg. 21)
  • Roots – Lesson 3 (pg. 28)
  • Teach the steps of the strategy – Lesson 4 (pg. 33)

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One more thing….

Pages 40-69

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

Let’s start by looking at parts of words

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Words are made of word parts called morphemes.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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“un-” is a common morpheme;� we see it in a lot of words.

  • Unable
  • Unafraid
  • Unreal
  • Uncluttered
  • Unexpected
  • Unbuttoned

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

What does the morpheme “un-” mean?

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Morphemes are different from syllables.

Syllables are

word parts centered on a vowel sound that have no meaning.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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Morphemes vs. Syllables

Let’s look at the word “Unladylike”

Syllables

un- la- dy- like

Morphemes

un lady like

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

4 syllables

3 morphemes

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

unamicable

un- amic -able

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Prefixes

Are placed at the

beginning of a word.

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They change the meaning of the word.

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Some common prefixes are�“-re”, “-dis”, and “-un”��What does each one mean?

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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How many prefixes can you think of in one minute?

LIGHTNING ROUND!

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Be Careful.

Watch for Tricksters!

Tricksters

are words that start with the same letters as prefixes

but don’t really have prefixes.

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

READ

Check out this word …

It looks like it has the prefix “re” ………but does it?

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Some words contain 2 or more prefixes.�This is called a compound prefix.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

These words have compound prefixes:

disconnect

discomfort

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

Turn to your neighbor

and think of some words with compound prefixes. You

have 1 minute.

GO!

LIGHTNING ROUND!

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Let’s take a Suffix

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Suffixes

Are morphemes that are at the

end of a word.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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A word that has the suffix “-able” is

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

Loveable

The suffix “-able means can do or can be done.

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

There

are

Inflectional

Derivational

Types

Of

suffixes

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Inflectional suffixes are morphemes�that change:

  • Number
  • Point of view
  • Tense

OR show

  • Possession (ownership) or comparison

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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The suffix “s” means more than one.

  • Book Books

  • Teacher Teachers

  • Banana Bananas

  • Police Car Police cars

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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Inflectional suffixes do not change the�meaning of the word.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

  • Book Books

  • Teacher Teachers

  • Banana Bananas

  • Police car Police cars

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Derivational suffixes create a different�form of a word,�so the meaning of the word is changed.

  • Teach Teacher

  • Diction Dictionary

  • Victor Victory

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

There

are

Suffixes

that are

both

Inflectional

and

derivational

-er

-en

-ing

Er – Belonging to, associated with (Farmer, smaller)

En – To become, or made of (Lengthen, wooden)

Ing – Something used in the action or process of (Lining, sleeping)

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When adding suffixes remember these

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Adding suffixes to words that �end in “y”

  • If the letter before a final y is a vowel, the y doesn’t change when you add a suffix.

(Example: Play Playing)

  • If the letter before a final y is a consonant, the y changes to an i before you add the suffix.

(Example: Carry Carried)

  • EXCEPT when the suffix begins with an i.

(Example: Carry Carrying)

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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When adding suffixes to words that �end in a single consonant with a single vowel in front of it …�

  • Double the consonant if the suffix begins with a vowel.

(Example: Fit Fitting)

  • Don’t double the consonant if the suffix begins with a consonant.

(Example: Fit Fitness)

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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Another word that fits the �consonant doubling guideline” is:

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

Run

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The term compound suffix�refers to more than one suffix �at the end of the word.

  • Helplessness
  • Endlessly
  • Loveliness
  • Professionalism
  • Respectability

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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LIGHTNING ROUND!

Turn to your neighbor

and think of some words with a compound suffix. You

have 1 minute.

GO!

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Roots

Can be at the beginning, middle or end of a word.

Roots can be the entire word.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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Roots can be located at the beginning,�middle, or end�of a word.��A root can stand alone as the whole word.�

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

SCOPE

Scoped Microscopic Telescope

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One morpheme can have�several meanings.

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“Arch” can mean chief, most important or rule.

Examples:

Archbishop, Archenemy, Matriarch

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Different morphemes can have the same meaning�but different forms.�(Example: “micro” and “min” both mean small.)

Different morphemes can have the

same meaning�but similar forms.

(Example: “aster” and “astro” both mean space.)

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

(Hint: Look for the root. Each root gives a word it’s main meaning.)

If you are wondering about a word’s meaning …

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For example: Root words “Aster” or “astro”�mean star.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

Asteroid

Astrosphere

Astronomy

Astronaut

Asterisk

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Now let’s check out the strategy.

at the strategy steps listed in your handout.

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Word Mapping Strategy

Map the word parts

Attack the meaning of each part

Predict the word’s meaning

See if you’re right!

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“Map the word parts”�means�that you find the word’s�prefixes,�suffixes,�and roots.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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“Attack the meaning” means that you translate each �word part�into its meaning.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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“Predict the word’s meaning” means that you put the three�meanings�together and make your best�guess.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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“See if you’re right” means that you�check whether the �definition fits in the context of the �sentence.

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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The mnemonic device to remember the steps is:

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

M

A

P

S

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Word Mapping Strategy

Map the word parts

Attack the meaning of each part

Predict the word’s meaning

See if you’re right!

© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

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You use a Word Map anytime you want to figure out a word’s�meaning.

Prediction

Prefix

Root

Suffix

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

Word

M Step

A Step

P Step

See if you’re right!

Definition

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Word Map

Definition

synchronize

syn

chron

ize

with, together

time

make

Making time together

Prefix

Root

Suffix

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

Word

M Step

A Step

P Step

S ee if you’re right!

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Use the Word Mapping worksheet to map three of the following words:

  • Herbivore
  • Igneous
  • Metamorphic
  • Photosynthesis
  • Meteorologist
  • Decomposer

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Tips for Success:

  • Focus on the use of high frequency prefixes, suffixes, and roots.
  • Use roots with large word families.

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How Do We Do This?

  1. Learn the strategy and teach it to your students. Conduct practice activities.
  2. Think of the critical content vocabulary words that students can map.
  3. Plan the mapping activities you will conduct in each unit. (Warm-up activity, Word of the Week, etc.)
  4. Talk about how it’s going with your colleagues.

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© University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning - 2012

Figuring out the puzzle of words will give students POWER over words.

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The Tree Activity

  • Draw a tree
  • Write the word part on the trunk
  • Write one meaning of the word

part on each limb

  • Ask the students for example

words to be added as branches

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Role Cards (Kagan & Kagan, 2009)

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Pick a Morpheme

  1. Assign a targeted morpheme (affix or root).
  2. Put students in pairs (or teams). Have them work independently to list as many words as they can with the morpheme, along with the definition (they cannot use a dictionary).
  3. When time is up, have teams share their lists. Consult a dictionary if any definitions are disputed.
  4. The team that has compiled the longest list of words (with correct definitions) wins!

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Using prefixes or suffixes name the creature

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Other resources to support vocabulary instruction:

  • www.myvocabulary.com

Provides vocabulary tests and games.

  • www.quizlet.com

Develops tools to study vocabulary..

  • www.edhelper.com

Teaching worksheets in a variety of areas including vocabulary.

  • www.flocabulary.com

Educational hip-hop that includes vocabulary units.

  • www.wordsmyth.net

Leveled dictionaries – quizzes and games

www.membean.com

Provides root word trees and maps

www.studystack.com

Create your own flash cards and use the cards to play games

App – Wordstack

Word association games

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Let’s

The 3 types of Morphemes

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How will you use Word Mapping in your classroom?

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  1. Create/Log Into: https://badgelist.com/
  2. Find Word Mapping PL and Fill in for credit.

My Badge List

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