EXPORT MANAGEMENT

• TNA
• PACKAGING

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BY

Mrs. Navneeta

TNA

SEASONS

Clothing Companies typically work to Seasons and offer customers merchandise appropriate to the part of the year for which it is retailed.

Offered Products must be in sync with the Season – in terms of silhouette, fiber content, fabric weight and color.

Companies may work just two seasons in a year, or 4, or 6, or 8, or even 12.

The idea is to introduce fresh merchandise into retail points as often as possible. This keeps the shops looking fresh and new.

SEASON ACTIVITY CALENDAR

• Every customer, every buyer and every sourcing company work to a comprehensive and very detailed timetable – the Season Activity Calendar.
• The SAC covers all activities of Design, Line finalization, Visual Merchandising, Pricing, Sales sampling, Sales Meetings, Fabric Ordering, Production Allocation and Shipping, Marketing and Retailing. There are around 100 elements on this activity calendar, each with a DDD (drop dead date). (Excel File – Customer’s Season Calendar)

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The SAC is an effective tool to inter-relate, manage and monitor a Season’s activities.

• The document is Product centric (or Collection centric)
• It is split by Season
• It details the activities of all relevant departments
• It fixes time deadlines, and
• It fixes responsibility and accountability

The SAC utilizes a critical path management technique.

THE CRITICAL PATH

• A Critical Path is the series of sequential activities from start to the end of a project.
• If there is a delay in any of the activities in the critical path, there will be a delay in the project.
• If a delay occurs, project acceleration or re-sequencing is done in order to maintain deadlines.
• Critical path method is based on mathematical calculations and it is used for scheduling project activities.

OUR PLAN FOR THIS SESSION

• INTERACTIVE AND PARTICIPATIVE

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• WE’LL ANALYSE A SEASON’S PROCESSES & CALENDAR

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• WE’LL HIGHLIGHT AREAS WHERE PROBLEMS AND DELAYS NORMALLY OCCUR

MERCHANDISERS: TWO KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

• THE CUSTODIAN OR KEEPER OF THE TECH PACK, AND THEREFORE THE GUARANTOR OF PRODUCT INTEGRITY.

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• THE OWNER OF THE T&A, THEREFORE THE GUARANTOR OF PRODUCT TIMING.

TRACKING THE PRODUCT PATH

Based on the Activity Calendars of Sourcing Companies, the typical evolution of a garment style is in three stages:

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• Product Development
• Pre-Production
• Bulk Production & Shipping

STAGE 1: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT (PD)

STAGE 2: PRE-PRODUCTION

STAGE 3: BULK PRODUCTION AND SHIPPING

THE T&A (OR TNA)

• Production Companies use a tool equivalent to their customer’s SAC to monitor production. It is referred to as a Time & Activity Calendar, or T&A or TNA for short.
• The basic purpose of the T&A is to ensure there are no delays and goods are shipped on time.
• A T&A is prepared by the Account Merchandiser at a formal meeting with department heads.
• T&As are made by STYLE. So if there are 25 styles on order, there will be 25 separate T&As.
• T&As will list the sequence of critical activities of pre-production and bulk production, with a deadline date and responsibility assigned to each.

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WHAT NECESSITATED THIS T&A?

STAKEHOLDERS IN OUR T&A

Who are the persons or departments who have an interest or concern in the T&A??

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Is the customer’s SAC actually a T&A?

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SO OUR CPM – OR T&A – WILL LIST OUT:

1. THE TASK OR ACTIVITY
2. THE SEQUENCE OF THE ACTIVITY
3. THE TIMELINE OF THE ACTIVITY
4. THE PERSON / ENTITY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTIVITY

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ANY T & A YOU WORK WITH MUST HAVE THESE FOUR ELEMENTS

AN ACTIVITY EXERCISE

LIST THE ACTIVITIES BELOW IN THE CORRECT CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

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1. ASN (Advance Shipping Notification) TO CUSTOMER
2. CREATE TIME AND ACTION (T&A) CALENDAR
3. SUBMIT FIT SAMPLE FOR APPROVAL
4. CREATE EMBROIDERY CARD
5. IN-LINE QUALITY AUDIT
6. SEND SIZE SET SAMPLES FOR APPROVAL
7. CREATE STYLE FILE
8. SEND FIRST OF BULK FABRIC with Embroidery and Print
9. FINAL QUALITY AUDIT
10. FPT
11. SHIPMENT AT CONSOLIDATOR
12. TOP SAMPLES
13. CREATE TRIM AND LABELLING CARD
14. GPT
15. CONDUCT PP MEETING
16. LAB DIPS FOR BUYER APPROVAL
17. PILOT RUN
18. PP SAMPLE APPROVAL
19. BULK FABRIC IN HOUSE
20. TECH PACK, PO, AND COLOR STANDARDS IN HAND
21. PCD (PLANNED CUT DATE)

CREATING A CPM CALENDAR

YOU WILL NEED:

1. THE SAMPLE & THE PURCHASE ORDER (product description, the quantity, and delivery date)
2. THE TECH PACK (which specifies product, trims)
3. A LIST of your customer’s “need to approve”
4. TIME INFORMATION about your factory’s internal processes - capability, total capacity and available capacity.
5. TIME INFORMATION about lead times of fabric, trims, and external production processes.

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• DRAW THE PROCESS FLOW CHART

• IDENTIFY THE PROCESSES WITH THE MAXIMUM LEAD TIMES (these are usually the fabric arrival time, the sewing time, the printing time & embroidery time)

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• WRITE IN THE EX-FACTORY DATE

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• CALCULATE LEAD TIMES AND ARRIVE AT THE FABRIC IN HOUSE DATE AND THE PCD – THESE ARE THE KEY DATES.

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• THEN FILL IN ACTIVITIES / SAMPLES WHICH REQUIRE CUSTOMER INTERVENTION OR APPROVAL.

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• FILL IN NAMES OF PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES.

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• DO NOT MAKE THE T&A TOO DETAILED – BETWEEN 12 – 18 ACTIVITIES ARE SUFFICIENT TO MONITOR A PO.

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• SHARE THE TNA WITH YOUR TEAM AND ALL FACTORY DEPARTMENTS.

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TNA FOR A WOVEN CHECK SHIRT

QTY 40,000 PCS SHIP DATE DEC 31 AC

FABRIC LEAD TIME 50 DAYS

LINES AVAILABLE IN JULY/AUGUST 4X25 m/c each = 1000 pcs/day

Creating a 10 Activity TNA

1. PROTO APPROVAL

2. LAB DIP/DESK LOOM APPROVAL

3. FIT SAMPLE APPOVAL

4. ORDER FABRICS AND TRIMS

5. FABRIC AND TRIMS IN HOUSE

6. PP (SEALER) SAMPLE APPROVAL

7. PP MEETING

8. PCD

9. TOP SAMPLES

10. GOODS EX-FACTORY

SOLUTION

THE T&A – A POWERFUL TOOL!

• tracking orders
• establishing responsibility
• anticipating delivery slides
• pre-empting quality issues

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• The GAP T&A
• The A & F T&A

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PACKAGING

WHY PACKAGING?

• Garment packaging is the process of wrapping, compressing, filling or creating of goods for the purpose of protection and their appropriate handling. 
• a. To minimise the incidence of losses in transit due to mechanical and environmental hazards.
• b. To enhance product value.
• c. To achieve greater speed in handling and deliveries.
• d. To protect them from pilferage, adulteration.
• e. To confer better convenience on the consumer and
• f. To establish a meaningful communication with the consumers etc.

• Physical protection –protection from mechanical shock, vibration, electrostatic discharge
• compression, temperature.
•  Barrier protection –A barrier from oxygen water vapor, dust, etc.,
•  Information transmission – Packages and labels communicate how to
• use, transport, recycle or dispose of the package or product.
•  Marketing –can be used by marketers to encourage potential buyers to
• purchase the product.
•  Security – Packaging can play an important role in reducing the security
• risks of shipment.
•  Convenience – Packages can have features that add convenience in
• distribution, handling, stacking, display, sale, opening, reclosing, use, dis
• pensing, reuse, recycling, and ease of disposal

PACKAGING HAS TWO MAJOR FUNCTIONS:

Distribution and Merchandising

• The main purpose of distribution packaging is packaging the garment in a way that it allows the garment manufacturers to transport the garment at a minimum cost and in the shortest time to the retailer or purchaser, without deteriorating the quality of the product.
• The merchandising function deals with showcasing the garment product in a way that it stimulates consumer desire for purchasing the particular product.

BENEFITS OF MERCHANDISE AND DISTRIBUTION PACKAGING

• 1. Merchandising packaging:
• The function of a Merchandising packaging is
• Easy to identify the product.
• It helps to enhance the appeal of the product.
• To give the artistic value of a package, different color, design and other ingredients that are used to identify, enhance and attract.
• For attracting the consumer to the package.
• For protecting the product quality until the consumer uses the item.
• For. E.g. https://99designs.com/blog/creative-inspiration/creative-packaging-ideas/

• 2. Vacuum Packaging: (Distribution packaging)
• The function of a vacuum packaging is:
• To minimize the shipping bulk of unfinished garments.
• To reduce the shipping weight of garments shipped.
• To confine a garment from dust or objectionable odors before and during shipping
• To prevent garments from wrinkles or creases, during shipping, this will have to be removed before the retailer displays the garments
• To minimize storage space for both the manufacturer and retailer.
• https://youtu.be/6ZDGDIrXepg

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FLOWCHART OF GARMENT PACKAGING

TYPES OF PACKAGE FORMS

• Bags
• Boxes
• Cartons
• Cases
• Crates
• Twine
• Wrappers

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QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGING MATERIALS:

• Characteristics
• Tensile strength
• Elongation
• Bursting and tearing strength
• Flammability
• Porosity
• Air/moisture permeability
• Sunlight transference
• Resistance to odors
• Dimensional stability to heat and sunlight

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DETERMINING FACTORS FOR GARMENT DELIVERY METHOD

GARMENT PACKING METHOD

• 1. Stand up pack

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GARMENT PACKING METHOD – STAND UP PACK

• The advantages of the stand-up pack are:
• It is an attractive pack so it enhances the appeal of the garments to the customer.
• It is a safer pack as it has inner and outer cartons, therefore the packed garments can be handled easily.
• On account of its better presentation, it can increase the sales of a product.
• The disadvantages of the stand-up pack are:
• It is costlier.
• It needs many packing materials.
• It involves a lot of effort as well as time.
• Unpacking of this kind of package needs more time and once unpacked it is tough to repack.
• In case it is crushed by any source, creases and wrinkles are formed on the garments and thus the pressed condition is disturbed.

GARMENT PACKING METHOD – FLAT PACK

The merits and demerits of flat pack are:

It is less expensive than the stand-up pack as it requires less material.

It is less attractive than the stand-up pack.

For shirts it does not present the beauty of the collar portion very well.

The disadvantages are the same as that of the stand-up pack.

GARMENT PACKING METHOD – HANGER PACK

The merits and demerits of a hanger pack are:

Because of its simplicity it reduces the cost of packing and materials.

All the components/panels of the garments could be seen easily without removing the bag.

The time for packing and unpacking is less.

Material handling is not easy.

GARMENT PACKING METHOD – DEADMAN PACK

• This kind of packing is used for shirts. Here, the sleeves are folded in front of the pack and pinned with each other. Next, the garments are folded in the center. As it resembles the appearance of dead body, it is called a ‘deadman pack’. It is a simple packing method using only pins or clips and polybags.
• The merits and demerits of this pack are:
• The costs of packing materials and packing are less compared with other methods due to its simplicity.
• The packing and unpacking time is less.
• Garments can be examined in the packed condition.
• This type of packing enables easy handling of garments.
• This type of packing is not suitable for shirts because it does not show the collar and the collar point as in the stand-up pack; hence, it is less attractive.

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR PACKAGING

• Poly bag
• Scotch tape
• Tag pin
• Rope
• Tissue paper
• Thin paper sheets
• Wooden Boxes and Crates (For bulky exports)
• Glass is the other packaging material is glass. These types of package are durable & air tight. (For packaging all liquid products like fruit juice, ghee, cereals, oil etc)

• Ball head pin
• Butterfly
• Carton
• Inner box
• Paper board
• Plastic clip
• Plastic collar
• Packaging can be made of wood, plastic, metals, glass, paper, laminates, polyester etc. But today different natural materials are used for packaging purposes like baskets of reeds, wooden boxes, wineskins (bota bags), pottery vases, wooden barrels, woven fabrics etc.

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CARTON

A CARTON IS A BOX OR CONTAINER USUALLY MADE OF PAPERBOARD AND SOMETIMES OF CORRUGATED FIBERBOARD. MANY TYPES OF CARTONS ARE USED IN PACKAGING. SOMETIMES A CARTON IS ALSO CALLED A BOX

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• Depend on Paper
• Khaki Carton or Brown Paper
• Duplex Carton
• Box Carton
• Depend on Stitching
• Gum Plasting Carton
• Depend on Ply
• 3 ply Carton
• 5 ply Carton
• 7 ply Carton

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• Depend on Liner
• Both Side Liner Carton
• Out Side Liner Carton
• Depend on Size
• Master Carton
• Inner Carton

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TYPES OF CARTON BOX PACKAGING

• Solid color Solid size pack
• Solid color Assorted size pack
• Assorted color Solid size pack
• Assort color Assort size pack

CARTON MARKINGS

• Shipping address label:
• Country of origin
• Include universal symbols and phrases for immediate identification of packages needing special handling:
• Identify the number of cartons you are shipping on each carton: 
• Mark all sides of cartons:
• Weight and measurement markings:

CARTON MARKING CONT.

WEIGHT CALCULATIONS

• The volumetric weight of a shipment is a calculation that reflects the density of a package. A less dense item generally occupies more volume of space, in comparison to its actual weight.

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LABELING

A LABEL IS A PIECE OF PAPER, POLYMER, CLOTH, METAL, OR OTHER MATERIAL AFFIXED TO A CONTAINER OR ARTICLE, ON WHICH IS PRINTED A LEGEND, INFORMATION CONCERNING THE PRODUCT, ADDRESSES, ETC. A LABEL MAY ALSO BE PRINTED DIRECTLY ON THE CONTAINER OR ARTICLE.

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1. Informative label

It is a tag that give description of the performance inherited, consumer in selection. Fiber content, how fabric is made, how it will perform in use and how to care for it are the areas covered by an informative label.

• 2. Care labels

Care labels are the labels inside clothing or fashion accessories that provide wash care instruction, fiber content, country origin and few other important details of information. It is sometime reference as content label, wash care label or care instructor label.

• Laundering: A process intended to remove soil or stains by washing with an aqueous detergent solution (and possibly bleach) and normally including subsequent rinsing, extracting and drying.
• Chlorine bleach: A process carried out in an aqueous medium before, during or after washing processes, requiring the use of chlorine based bleaching agent for the purpose of removing stains and/or improving whiteness.
• Dry-cleaning: A process for cleaning textile articles by means of organic solvents (eg, petroleum, perchlorethylene, fluorocarbon). This process consists of cleaning, rinsing, spinning and drying.
• Tumble drying:A process carried out on a textile article after washing, with the intention of removing residual water by treatment with hot air in a rotating drum.
• Ironing: A method of pressing using a heated hand iron sometimes together with moisture or steam, and a gliding motion.
• Pressing: A process of smoothing and shaping by heat and pressure, with or without the presence of steam.

CARE LABELING SYSTEMS

BARCODES

• A barcode is an optical machine readable representation of data, which shows data about the object to which it attaches.

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• Barcodes are classified into 2 types
• 1. 1D
• 2. 2D

1 D – LINEAR BARCODE

• A barcode that encodes data only in one dimension.
• Data is encoded in the widths of the bars and spaces and no data is encoded in the lengths of the bars.
• The EAN or UPC barcode symbology found on many retail products is a common linear barcode that you may be familiar with.

2 D -

• The need for ever increasing amounts of information in smaller spaces has lead to more compact and higher data density symbologies found in two-dimensional or stacked barcodes. A two-dimensional symbology is either: ”matrixed “ as in the data matrix code "stacked” as in the PDF417 code.

1 D

CODE 128

• Code 128 is a high-density linear barcode symbology defined in ISO/IEC 15417:2007. It is used for alphanumeric or numeric-only barcodes. It can encode all 128 characters of ASCII and, by use of an extension symbol (FNC4), the Latin-1 characters defined in ISO/IEC 8859-1.

QR BARCODE – 2 D