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finneganswakenotes.net.

Exhortation for all Finnegans to awaken

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  • Joyce spent 17 years writing FW (required a lot more concentration than Ulysses)
  • 4 Books, 17 Chapters, 628 pages, 36 lines per page (22,608 lines), 236,253 words (63,924 individual words). Reading/Listening time 29 hours 18 minutes.
  • Ulysses has 24,746 lines, 265,111 words (39,801 individual words). Listening time 27h 16m
  • Shakespeare used 31,543 individual words in his Complete Works

Unique Literary Experiment:

  • Ulysses book of the day:
  • FW a book of the night/a dreamscape where time and space merge together (useful literary device)
  • Language: blends multiple (60) languages, puns, and neologisms
  • Self-contained Universe or Self-Subsistent: book operates on its own terms, inviting readers into a distinct, dreamlike world

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179.26 his usylessly unreadable Blue Book of Eccles, édition de ténèbres

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So starts Finnegans Wake, the greatest challenge in 20th-century literature. Who is Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker? And what did he get up to in the Phoenix Park? And what did Anna Livia Plurabelle have to say about it? In the rich nighttime and the language of dreams, here are history, anecdote, myth, folk tale and, above all, a wondrous sense of humour, coloured by a clear sense of humanity. In this exceptional reading by the Irish actor Barry McGovern, with Marcella Riordan, the world of the Wake is more accessible than ever before.

“riverrun, past Eve and Adam's, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodius vicus of recirculation back to Howth Castle and Environs.”

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It is no coincidence that the FW pub (the Mullingar House) is in the Dublin suburb of Chapelizod, an anagram of HCE, ALP and Izod (Isolde). The sons, Shem and Shaun, are twins and yet opposites (1132 HCE, ALP, Shem+Sean+twins=3, Izzy+mirror image). Shem, like Joyce himself, is a ‘penman’, an artist and man of ideas. His brother Shaun is more practical and less imaginative – a postman, antagonistic towards his more famous brother, who he considers a charlatan and degenerate.

C H A P E L I Z O D

‘unspeakably wearisome’ and ‘the witless wandering of literature before its final extinction’

  • Stanislaus Joyce

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558.33 Where are we at all? and whenabouts in the name of space?

Where are we? In Dublin In the master bedroom of the Mullingar House Hotel in Chapelizod, where the elderly landlord is just falling asleep at 11:32 pm on the 7th April 1928 (Easter Saturday).

When are we? Back at the beginning of a new Viconian cycle, when salient events in history have not yet occurred

Since the book has no beginning and no end, the last word along with the first one construct the point of recirculation: the Ouroboros bites its own tail while the story unfolds in-between,.

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558.33 Where are we at all? and whenabouts in the name of space?

What is FW about? The fall of man, and his subsequent rise again the whole of human history and indeed the entire history of the World, of which the life of a single family or a single individual is a microcosm

How does this story unfold? By conflict between opposites, which are actually striving for reconciliation and union through their Brunonian conflict

The first four paragraphs seem to comprise a single Viconian cycle of four ages, so that the true beginning of the story occurs in the 5th paragraph.

558.33

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Finnegans Wake employs a circular structure that begins and ends mid-sentence, suggesting a continuous cycle with no fixed starting or ending point. This structure reflects Joyce’s vision of history, time, and identity as recurring, cyclical forces, where events and characters reappear in new forms.

“riverrun, past Eve and Adam's, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodius vicus of recirculation back to Howth Castle and Environs.”

And it is no coincidence that their pub is in the Dublin suburb of Chapelizod, an anagram of HCE, ALP and Izod (Isolde).

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Tumulus mound: FW acts as a palimpest i.e. a text layered with multiple meanings, historical references and overlapping allusions.

Spirals flowing clockwise before the winter solstice and anti-clockwise after with the river of life flowing beneath

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In delving into FW Irish people have a distinct advantage over other nationalities as they have a deep understanding of Irish place names and locations referenced plus inherent connection to Irish linguistic (Hiberno English), cultural, historical & mythical allusions.

A New Perspective on Reading and Interpretation

  • Breaks the Boundaries of Traditional Reading: FW teaches readers to approach the text without strict expectations for plot or structure.
  • Collaborative Interpretation: No one person can unlock all its meanings alone—it's a work meant for exploration and discussion.
  • Reader as Co-Creator: Every reader brings a unique interpretation, turning the reading experience into an act of creation.

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Hiberno-English used extensively in FW

1. Past perfect tense: Rachel Blackmore: 13:32 “grand and national” (Gold Cup is very important in Ulysses); after perfect e.g. "she's already after leaving'" (tá sí tar éis imeachta)

2. Habitual Present Tense: I do be; We does be comes directly from the Irish e.g. Bionn sí tuirseach

3. Plural of you: Ye, yez, yous, yer wans

4. Dem Deese and Dose: “Dem don’t do nuttin at all”

5. Yerra, arrah, at all at all, whist, astóir, aye, bedad, begad, ach, segotia

6. Pronunciation of the letter “H”

7. Amn’t I? Wouldn’t you?

8. Adding an extra syllable: film form (Sanskrit?)

9. Pronunciation of “leave” “tea” “either”

178.06 "he would wipe alley english spooker, multaphoniaksically spuking, off the face of the erse"

035.15 Guinness thaw tool in jew me dinner ouzel fin?

Conas tá tú inniu mo dhuine uasal fionn?:

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Engagement with Universal Themes

  • Life, Death, and Rebirth: themes of cyclical time, drawing from universal myth, history, and religion.
  • Human Experience: characters and narratives speak to broad, universal experiences through layers of meaning.
  • The River Motif: recurring image of the river, symbolising life’s continuity and the flow of consciousness.

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Joyce informed a friend, he conceived of his book as the dream of old Finn, lying in death beside the River Liffey and watching the history of Ireland and the world – past and future – flow through his mind like flotsam on the river of life....Richard Ellmann, James Joyce, p.543-6.

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Expands Language Awareness: Reading Finnegans Wake sharpens sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and potentials of language.

Discovery of Meaning: Each re-reading reveals new layers, offering a sense of adventure through linguistic and symbolic discovery.

Engagement with Multiple Languages: An opportunity for polyglots and language enthusiasts to see how languages interweave. Joyce influenced by Francois Rabelais (1483 - 1553)

Reading FW expands the mind: firing neurons & building complex connections in the brain (similar to listening to the great composers like Mozart)

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“riverrun” similar to French rêverons: let us dream; reverie; River Rhone; River Rhine; rivereranno they will return; ribhéar a rúin; rún a mystery;

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From German regenbogen: rainbow

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From French chute: fall

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383.01 Three quarks for Muster Mark.

Murray Gell-Mann used “quarks” to name fundamental particles in physics

From German for rubbish, trifle, curd, cheese

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176.27 fled like a leverret for his bare lives to Talviland

From Finnish talvi: winter

The hare was a sacred and mystical animal to the Celts; a symbol of abundance, prosperity and good fortune. They were believed to have connections to the Otherworld. They were treated with great respect and never eaten.

Symbol of Osiris in Egyptian mythology

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Ballad of Persee O’Reilly

From French perce-oreille: earwig:

047.15 When that frew gets a grip of old Earwicker Won't there be earwigs on the green?

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Some FW References

  • Irish Mythology
  • Irish & World History
  • Greek Mythology
  • Norse Mythology
  • Egyption Book of the Dead
  • Shakespeare
  • The Bible
  • The Koran
  • The Hindu Bhagavad Gita
  • Dante: The Divine Comedy
  • Wagner: Tristan und Isolde
  • Wagner: Flying Dutchman
  • Mozart: The Magic Flute
  • Mozart: Don Giovanni
  • Jonathon Swift
  • Laurence Sterne
  • Self Referential FW
  • Ulysses
  • Portrait of the Artist
  • Dubliners

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A Challenging but Rewarding Journey

  • Mental Gymnastics: intellectually stimulating and deeply rewarding for those who engage with it. For people who enjoy puzzles, word games, crosswords
  • Not Just a Book, but a Mindset: Approaching FW requires patience, openness, and curiosity, all valuable qualities beyond reading.
  • Enduring Mystery: Unlike many books FW doesn’t yield all its secrets immediately, making it a lifelong companion for discovery.
  • A Lasting Impact: a journey into the depths of language, imagination, and human consciousness.
  • Invitation to Explore: an invitation for readers to experience this remarkable literary feat, not just as a book but as an adventure in language and meaning.

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Getting Started

  • Start with a guide Skeleton Key, Roland McHugh, reading slowly, or join a reading group (Zurich Joyce Foundation, Swenys’ Chemist, Martello Tower, New York, Gorey?)
  • Enjoy the Process: understanding every word is NOT necessary; instead, savour the sounds, images, and humour.
  • Infinite Re-reads & Listen to audio books: Every encounter with FW is new, making it a book readers can return to throughout life. Listen to the audio books repeatedly
  • Start to analyse the detail via online resources (fweet.org or Glosses of FW)

Full Guide to Getting Started at finneganswakenotes.net

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Finnegans Wake

riverrun, past Eve and Adam’s, from swerve of shore to bend of bay ….

A way a lone a last a loved a long the .

And it’s old and old it’s sad and old it’s sad and weary I go back to you, my cold father, my cold mad father, my cold mad feary father ….

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004.18 Bygmester Finnegan, of the Stuttering Hand, freemen's mau-

004.19 rer, lived in the broadest way immarginable in his rushlit toofar-

004.20 back for messuages before joshuan judges had given us numbers

004.21 or Helviticus committed deuteronomy (one yeastyday he sternely

004.22 struxk his tete in a tub for to watsch the future of his fates but ere

004.23 he swiftly stook it out again, by the might of moses, the very wat-

004.24 er was eviparated and all the guenneses had met their exodus so

004.25 that ought to show you what a pentschanjeuchy chap he was!)

004.26 and during mighty odd years this man of hod, cement and edi-

004.27 fices in Toper's Thorp piled buildung supra buildung pon the

004.28 banks for the livers by the Soangso. He addle liddle phifie Annie

004.29 ugged the little craythur. Wither hayre in honds tuck up your part

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004.30 inher. Oftwhile balbulous, mithre ahead, with goodly trowel in

004.31 grasp and ivoroiled overalls which he habitacularly fondseed, like

004.32 Haroun Childeric Eggeberth he would caligulate by multiplicab-

004.33 les the alltitude and malltitude until he seesaw by neatlight of the

004.34 liquor wheretwin 'twas born, his roundhead staple of other days

004.35 to rise in undress maisonry upstanded (joygrantit!), a waalworth

004.36 of a skyerscape of most eyeful hoyth entowerly, erigenating from

005.01 next to nothing and celescalating the himals and all, hierarchitec-

005.02 ti tipti top loftical, with a burning bush abob off its baubletop and

005.03 with larrons o'toolers clittering up and tombles a'buckets clotter-

005.04 ing down.

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Finnegan was a good builder

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003.01 riverrun, past Eve and Adam’s, from swerve of shore to bend

003.02 of bay, brings us by a commodius vicus of recirculation back to

003.03 Howth Castle and Environs.

003.04 Sir Tristram, violer d’amores, fr’over the short sea, had passen-

003.05 core rearrived from North Armorica on this side the scraggy

ALP

HCE

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003.06 isthmus of Europe Minor to wielderfight his penisolate war: nor

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003.07 had topsawyer’s rocks by the stream Oconee exaggerated themselse

003.08 to Laurens County’s gorgios while they went doublin their mumper

003.09 all the time: nor avoice from afire bellowsed mishe

mishe to

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003.10 tauftauf thuartpeatrick: not yet, though venissoon after, had a

003.11 kidscad buttended a bland old isaac: not yet, though all’s fair in

Peter the Rock

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003.12 vanessy, were sosie sesthers wroth with twone nathandjoe. Rot a

003.13 peck of pa’s malt had Jhem or Shen brewed by arclight and rory

003.14 end to the regginbrow was to be seen ringsome on the aquaface.

Noah

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003.15 The fall (baba badal gharagh takam minar ronnkonn bronn tonnerronn tuonn thunn trovar rhoun awn skawn toohoo hoorden en thurnuk!) of a once wallstrait oldparr is retaled early in bed and later on life down through all Christian minstrelsy. The great fall of the offwall entailed at such short notice the pftjschute of Finnegan, erse solid man, that the humptyhillhead of humself prumptly sends an unquiring one well to the west in quest of his tumpty tum toes:and their upturnpikepointandplace is at the knock out in the park where oranges have been laid to rust upon the green since devlins first loved livvy.

Thomas Parr

Chapelizod turnpike

Castleknock

Liffey - Devlin

Muldoon Solid Man

The Dead

Adam & Eve

Lucifer

Humpty Dumpty

Babel

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A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake by Joseph Campbell:

“Running riddle and fluid answer, Finnegans Wake is a mighty allegory of the fall and resurrection of mankind. It is a strange book, a compound of fable, symphony and nightmare — a monstrous enigma beckoning imperiously from the shadowy pits of sleep. Its mechanics resemble those of a dream, a dream which has freed the author from the necessities of common logic, and has enabled him to compress all periods of history…into a circular design of which every part is beginning, middle and end.

“In a gigantic, wheeling rebus dim effigies rumble past, disappear into foggy horizons and are replaced by other images which are vague but half-consciously familiar. On this revolving stage, mythological heroes and events from remotest antiquity occupy the same spatial and temporal planes as modern personages and contemporary happenings…All time occurs simultaneously… Multiple meanings are present in every line; interlocking allusions to key words and phrases are woven like fugal themes into the pattern of the work. “

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Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake by Joseph Campbell:

“The vast scope and intricate structure of FW give the book a forebidding aspect of impenatrability…Cleary such a book is not meant to be idly fingered. It tasks the imagination, exacts discipline and tenacity from those who would march with it: yet some of the difficulties disappear as soon as the well disposed reader accepts a few compass clues and gets his bearings. Then the enormous map of FW begins slowly to unfold: characters and motifs emerge, themes become recognisable and Joyce’s vocabulary falls more and more familiarly on the accustomed ear.

“Complete understanding is not to be snatched at greedily at one sitting; indeed it may never come. Nevertheless, the ultimate state of the intelligent reader is certainly not bewilderment; rather it is admiration for the unifying insights … which have miraculously quickened this stupendous mass of material… He had to smelt the modern dictionary back to protean plasma and reenact the genesis and mutation of language in order to deliver his message in this incredible book.

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017.26 Countlessness of livestories have netherfallen by this plage, flick as flowflakes, litters from aloft, like a waast wizzard all of whirlworlds. Now are all tombed to the mound, isges to isges, erde from erde.