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[L23] PERFECT TENSES (PT1) - PRESENT PERFECT

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[L23] PERFECT TENSES (PT1) - PRESENT PERFECT

CLASS OBJECTIVE

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  • En esta lección aprenderemos a utilizar el tiempo verbal PRESENT PERFECT en sus formas afirmativas, negativas y preguntas.

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I. CRITERIOS DE USO

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1.1. PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT

Criterios de uso

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Utilizamos el tiempo verbal PRESENT PERFECT según los siguientes CRITERIOS DE USO:

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  1. PAST ACTION (UNDETERMINED TIME): Cuando queremos referirnos a una acción que sucedió en algún momento indeterminado del pasado.

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  1. PAST to PRESENT ACTION: Cuando queremos referirnos a una acción que inició en el pasado y que aún continúa sucediendo o teniendo incidencia en el tiempo presente.

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I have traveled to Italy.

Yo he viajado a italia

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She has learned her lesson.

Ella ha aprendido su lección

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I have lived in Toronto for 2 years.

Yo he vivido en toronto por 2 años.

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She has worked in this office for 12 years.

Ella ha trabajado en esta oficina por 12 años.

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II. PAST PARTICIPLE FORM

(REGULAR VERBS/IRREGULAR VERBS)

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2.1. PRESENT PERFECT - PAST PARTICIPLE (REGULAR VERBS)

En inglés, los verbos pueden conjugarse en 3 formas básicas

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I have danced before

Yo he bailado antes

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He has studied for 3 hours.

Él ha estudiado por 3 horas.

A la hora de utilizar los tiempos perfectos vamos a utilizar siempre su forma de PAST PARTICIPLE

BASE

VERB

SIMPLE

PAST

VERB

PAST

PARTICIPLE

VERB

DANCE

STUDY

WATCH

DANCED

STUDIED

WATCHED

DANCED

STUDIED

WATCHED

Conjugar los verbos regulares es fácil, ya que su forma SIMPLE PAST es la misma que su forma PAST PARTICIPLE. Ambas formas llevan -ED al final del verbo.

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Las diferencias se comienzan a notar con los verbos irregulares…

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2.2. PRESENT PERFECT - PAST PARTICIPLE (IRREGULAR VERBS)

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I have gotten lost before

Yo me he perdido antes

Algunos VERBOS IRREGULARES cambian dependiendo de si están siendo utilizados en su SIMPLE PAST FORM o en su PAST PARTICIPLE FORM.

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She has bought a new house

Ella ha comprado una nueva casa

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The judge has spoken

El juez ha hablado

BASE

VERBS

(irregular)

SIMPLE

PAST

VERBS

(irregular)

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PAST

PARTICIPLE

VERBS

(irregular)

GO

WENT

GONE

WRITE

SEE

DO

BUY

GET

HAVE

KNOW

LEAVE

MAKE

SPEAK

FORGET

WROTE

SAW

DID

BOUGHT

GOT

HAD

KNEW

LEFT

MADE

SPOKE

FORGOT

WRITTEN

SEEN

DONE

BOUGHT

GOTTEN

HAD

KNOWN

LEFT

MADE

SPOKEN

FORGOTTEN

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III. ESTRUCTURA

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3.1. PRESENT PERFECT - STRUCTURE

(+) SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + VERB [PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT

(-) SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + VERB [PP] + COMPLEMENT

(?) HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB [PP] + COMPLEMENT?

HAVEN’T / HASN’T

I have done my homework

Yo he hecho mi tarea

He has done his homework

Él ha hecho su tarea

I haven’t practiced for the concert

Yo no he practicado para el concierto

She hasn’t practiced for the concert

Ella no ha practicado para el concierto

Have you traveled to Europe?

¿Has viajado a Europa?

Has he traveled to Europe?

¿Ha viajado a Europa? (él)

HAVE = ‘VE / HAS = ‘S

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IV. PAST PARTICIPLE VERBS�(IRREGULAR)

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4.1. COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS

  • is/are/am (ser/estar) → was/were → been
  • become (convertirse) → became → become
  • begin (comenzar) → began → begun
  • break (romper) → broke → broken
  • bring (traer) → brought → broken
  • buy (comprar) → bought → bought
  • come (venir) → came → come
  • do (hacer) → did → done
  • drink (beber) → drank → drunk
  • drive (conducir) → drove → driven
  • eat (comer) → ate → eaten
  • feel (sentir) → felt → felt
  • find (encontrar) → found → found
  • get (obtener) → got → gotten / got
  • give (dar) → gave → given

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COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT → S. PAST → P. PARTICIPLE

  • go (ir) → went → gone
  • have (tener) → had → had
  • know (saber/conocer) → knew → known
  • leave (dejar/irse) → left → left
  • make (hacer/fabricar) → made → made
  • mean (significar) → meant → meant
  • put (poner) → put → put
  • read (leer) [pron /riid/]→ read [pron /red/] → read [pron /red/]
  • run (correr) → ran → run
  • say (decir) → said → said
  • see (ver) → saw → seen
  • send (enviar) → sent → sent
  • speak (hablar) → spoke → spoken
  • take (tomar) → took → taken
  • think (pensar) → thought → thought

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[L23] ANEXO DE EJERCICIOS

INSTRUCCIONES

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  1. Accede al siguiente ANEXO DE EJERCICIOS
  2. Al hacer clic en el hipervínculo, debes descargar una copia del documento haciendo clic en el ícono marcado en rojo que se encontrará en la esquina superior derecha de la pantalla:

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  1. Una vez descargado el documento, realiza los ejercicios según indiquen las instrucciones.

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REFERENCIAS

[L23] PERFECT TENSES (PT1) - PRESENT PERFECT

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CONTÁCTANOS

www.englishessentialsnow.cl

english.essentials.now

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