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ASSESSING THE SKILL GAP OF JOB CANDIDATES IN THIS AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(AI)

PRESENTED BY

M.Nivedha

MBA-International Business

12-05-2023

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INTRODUCTION

The increasing advancements of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation in various industries has led to a shift in the demand for skills and knowledge among job candidates. As a result, there is a growing need to assess the skill gap of job candidates in this age of AI to ensure that they possess the necessary competencies to work effectively in a world where AI is becoming increasingly prevalent.

NEED FOR THIS STUDY:

Assessing the skill gap of job candidates in the AI age is crucial for several reasons. AI is transforming the job market, creating new jobs and automating existing ones, changing the skills required to succeed.

The gap between job candidate skills and requirements can lead to economic inefficiencies. Identifying skills in demand and lacking areas can enable policymakers and educators to develop targeted interventions and promote growth.

Job seekers can benefit from knowing the skills needed to be competitive, make informed decisions about their training and education, and position themselves for success.

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WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ?

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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines or computer programs to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and learning from experience. AI systems use algorithms and statistical models to analyze and interpret large amounts of data, enabling them to learn and improve over time. AI is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses computer science, engineering, mathematics and psychology among others and it has a wide range of applications in various industries, including healthcare, finance, and manufacturing.

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RESEARCH BACKGROUND

Reference of BBC Report on March 29,2023:

With Artificial Intelligence gaining popularity globally, one question that comes up time and time again is whether AI will take over jobs from humans. A new report by investment bank Goldman Sachs has the answer, and it is not good news. The report, as per BBC, says that AI could potentially replace the equivalent of around 300 million full-time jobs. Roughly two-thirds of work in the US and Europe risk some degree of automation. Additionally, it may also lead to a productivity boom, with a seven per cent increase in the total annual value of goods and services produced globally over a 10-year period.

Reference of World Economic Forum report:

Artificial Intelligence, AI and technology are expected to displace around 85 million jobs by the year 2025. This finding comes from the latest Global Risks Report 2023 issued by the World Economic Forum. With the rise of AI tools, such as ChatGPT and more, many jobs are expected to be displaced.

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COUNTRIES MOST AND LEAST LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED BY AUTOMATION

SOURCE: Mckinsey Global Institute

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5

India ranking at No.6th position among the Asian countries with 51.8 % of chance of Automation

And Ranking at No.8th position in worldwide in comparison with other countries of the world

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FUTURE OF JOB REPORT

  • In its “Future of Jobs Report 2020,” the World Economic Forum estimates that 85 million jobs will be displaced while 97 million new jobs will be created across 26 countries by 2025.
  • This numbers are estimated to increase as years pass by.

SOURCE: World Economic Forum

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RESKILLING AND UPSKILLING

Why is it important?

Embracing the consumption and productivity benefits of AI will require businesses and governments to collaborate on massive reskilling and upskilling initiatives to help employees retrain and prepare for new and future jobs. 10 In the next few years, 3% of jobs will be potentially automated by AI, according to PwC’s report “Will robots really steal our jobs?” Increased digitization resulting from COVID-19 may accelerate this trend.

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By the mid-2030s, as AI advances and becomes more autonomous, 30% of jobs and 44% of workers with low levels of education will be at risk of automation. In the next five years, half of all workers will require some upskilling or reskilling to prepare for changing and new jobs, according to the World Economic Forum.

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The rapid pace of technological change requires new models for training that prepare employees for an AI-based future. True upskilling requires a citizen-led approach focused on applying new knowledge to develop an AI-ready mindset. Employers should view upskilling and reskilling as an investment in the future of their organization, not an expense

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OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this project are :

  • To identify the level of awareness that the job going candidates possess in this rapidly evolving world.
  • To Identify the most essential skills and knowledge that job candidates need to work effectively in an AI-driven environment.
  • To Assess the extent to which job candidates possess these skills and knowledge. Determine the skill gap that exists between the skills and knowledge that job candidates possess and those that are necessary to work effectively.
  • To Identify the factors that contribute to the skill gap among job candidates in this age of AI.
  • To Develop strategies to address the skill gap and improve the readiness of job candidates to work effectively in an AI-driven environment.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

SURVEY

Survey research: This methodology involved collecting data from a sample of future job candidates, employees and Business people through an online survey ,in-person interviews and telephonic interviews

The survey included questions about the skills and knowledge required for AI-related jobs and the extent to which job candidates possess these skills and knowledge.

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SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size of the research is 140

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NATURE OF DATA AND DATA COLLECTION

This study has relied on primary data. Primary data are those that are new, are gathered for the first time, and are therefore unique in nature. In this study, data were gathered through in-person interviews, Telephonic interviews and Google forms using the questionnaire approach.

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QUESTIONARIES AND DATA COLLECTED

GENERAL QUESTIONARIES ASKED

  1. Name - Descriptive
  2. Age – Ratio/Interval
  3. Gender - Nominal
  4. State/country you are located in - Descriptive
  5. Current Designation - Nominal
  6. Highest Qualification – Ordinal
  7. Your next plan after this – Nominal

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Other Questionaries …..

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GENERAL QUESTIONARIES & RESPONSE DATA INTERPRETATIONS

AGE

Total Respondents: 135

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AGE INTERVAL

NO OF. PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE

15-17

4

3%

18-25

118

87.4%

26-35

8

5.9%

36-45

2

1.5%

45&Above

4

3%

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GENDER

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DESIGNATION

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GENDER

TOTAL NO .OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

MALE

69

51.1%

FEMALE

66

49.9%

DESIGNATION

TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

Entrepreneur

8

5.9%

Employee/Executive

27

20%

Student

100

74%

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COUNTRY THEY BELONG TO

13

COUNTRY

NO.OF RESPONDENTS

India

18

Assam

1

Bangalore

1

Chennai

2

Hyderabad

1

Kerala

1

maharashtra

1

punjab

1

rajasthan

1

tamilnadu

29

Puducherry

77

INDIA

133

FRANCE

1

NORTHERN IRELAND

1

TOTAL

135

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HIGHEST QUALIFICATION

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NEXT PLAN AFTER THIS:

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HIGHEST QUALIFICATION

TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

Doctoral degree

0

0

Masters degree

75

55.6%

Bachelors degree

52

38.4%

Diploma or related course

4

3%

HSC

4

3%

NEXT PLAN

TOTAL NO. OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

Going to a job

85

63%

Career switch

8

5.9%

Entrepreneurship

13

9.6%

Developing the existing business

4

3%

Higher Studies

24

17.8%

Farming

1

0.7%

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KEY QUESTIONARIES

QUESTION 1: PARAMETRIC QUESTION(Likert Scale 1-5)

Are you Aware of the recent discussions that AI(Artificial Intelligence) advancements might eventually take over / replace many jobs?

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AWARENESS SCALE

NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

1

8

5.9%

2

7

5.2%

3

36

26.7%

4

36

26.7%

5

48

35.6%

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QUESTION 2:What are all the industries do you think will be most influenced by the introduction of AI ?

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INDUSTRIES

NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTA

-GE(%)

Manufacturing(Eg.Robots & AI automated machines)

91

67.4

Transportation(Eg.Self Driving Vehicles)

49

36.3

Customer Service(Eg.Chatbots etc..)

47

34.8

Healthcare(Eg.Diagnosis of some disease by AIs)

40

29.6

Retail(Eg.AI systems and services used in E.com Biz)

40

29.6

Banking&Finance(Eg.Fraud detection services etc..)

62

45.9

Construction(Robots&AI automated machines)

39

28.9

Journalism/content writing/creative works(Eg. ChatGPT, Midjourney etc..)

56

41.5

Legal

13

9.6

Agriculture(Eg.Robots & Drones)

31

23

Education(Eg.Robots that can teach,Virtual classrooms)

55

40.7

Other

3

2.2

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QUESTION 3:Non parametric Question

Are you willing to position yourself in the best career by pursuing the best opportunities and roles in your particular field by reskilling or upskilling yourself?

17

YES

128

94.8%

NO

7

5.2%

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QUESTIONARIES FOR THOSE WHO ARE WILLING

QUESTION 1 : If yes, What skills do you think will be most valuable for your jobs in this AI era.  ( 1 being the LEAST VALUABLE and  5 being the MOST VALUABLE) mark accordingly as per your considerations.

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SKILLS

1

2

3

4

5

Creativity & Innovation

10

15

25

35

42

Emotional Intelligence

8

26

38

28

28

Critical Thinking &Analytical Skills

9

11

36

30

42

Adaptability & Flexibility

8

18

32

26

44

Collaboration & Communication

7

14

31

35

41

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QUESTION 2: ABOUT CHALLENGES THEY FACE

Do you think you might face any challenge on developing these skills ?

19

YES

104

81.3%

NO

24

18.8%

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QUESTION:3

If Yes, What would be the possible challenges you might face?

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CHALLENGES

TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENT-AGE(%)

Identifying the right skills that is suitable

71

61.2

Limited industry exposure

40

34.5

Limited practical experience

56

48.3

Limited access to technology

30

25.9

Fear of winning the competition race

25

21.6

Other

1

0.9

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QUESTION 4: POSSIBLE SOLUTION

What do you think is the best way to overcome these challenges for the skill gap?

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WAYS TO OVERCOME THIS CHALLENGE

NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

(%)

Bringing out relevant reforms in the education system/Training & Development sector

28

21.9

Self Development

29

22.7

Both

71

55.5

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OPTED BOTH:

QUESTION 1:REFORMS IN EDUCATION SYSTEM  / TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT SECTOR

What are the possible reforms you think that an education system / Training & Development sector can bring to prepare students for upcoming Job trends ?

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POSSIBLE REFORMS

TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

(%)

Emphasize critical thinking & Problem solving skills

50

70.4

Encourage Interdisciplinary learning

33

46.5

Offer more Technical Training

43

60.6

Prefer more Practical knowledge than theoritical knowledge

42

59.2

Updated Curriculum

30

42.3

Appointing relevantly Skilled teachers

27

38

Providing opportunities to work on creative/innovative projects and encourage the Students or candidates

50

70.4

SELF DEVELOPMENT

NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENT

-AGE(%)

Doing Specialization in related courses in high demand jobs

41

57.7

Continuous learning (Staying updated of recent trends)

54

76.1

Collaborating yourself with various projects/internships

42

59.2

Improving the soft skills by themselves like communication,leadership,teamwork

50

70.4

Other

2

2.8

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OPTED ONLY SELF DEVELOPMENT

QUESTION:How can an individual develop skills for post AI jobs on their own ?

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SELF DEVELOPMENT

NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENT

-AGE(%)

Doing Specialization in related courses in high demand jobs

12

41.4

Continuous learning (Staying updated of recent trends)

20

69

Collaborating yourself with various projects/internships

9

31

Improving the soft skills by themselves like communication,leadership,teamwork

14

48.3

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OPTED TO REFORMS IN EDUCATION SYSTEM  / TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT SECTOR

QUESTION: What are the possible reforms you think that an education system / Training & Development sector can bring to prepare students for upcoming Job trends ?

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POSSIBLE REFORMS

TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

(%)

Emphasize critical thinking & Problem solving skills

12

42.9

Encourage Interdisciplinary learning

5

17.9

Offer more Technical Training

12

42.9

Prefer more Practical knowledge than theoritical knowledge

12

42.9

Updated Curriculum

12

42.9

Appointing relevantly Skilled teachers

7

25

Providing opportunities to work on creative/innovative projects and encourage the Students or candidates

11

39.3

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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS

1.TO FIND THE AWARENESS LEVEL OF PEOPLE

NO.OF RESPONDENTS:135

INTERPRETED DATA

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RESULT:

Here out of 135 respondents nearly 62.30% that is 84 respondents are highly Aware of the recent discussions that AI(Artificial Intelligence) advancements might eventually take over / replace many jobs, Which is the maximum number more than 50% of the total sample population, Followed by neutral awareness of 26.70% and comparatively low awareness of 11.10%.

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AWARENESS SCALE

NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

1

8

5.9%

2

7

5.2%

3

36

26.7%

4

36

26.7%

5

48

35.6%

 

highly aware(4&5)

neutral(3)

Less aware(1&2)

frequency

84

36

15

percentage

62.30%

26.70%

11.10%

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2.ASSESSING THE MOST VALUABLE SKILL

2.1:Are people really willing to position themselves in the best career by pursuing the best opportunities and roles in their particular field by reskilling or upskilling themselves ?

INTERPRETED DATA:

​

​

​

TOTAL RESPONDENTS: 135

2.2:Assessing the Most valuable skill – TOTAL RESPONDENTS: 128

INTERPRETED DATA:

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26

YES

128

94.8%

NO

7

5.2%

SKILLS

1

2

3

4

5

Creativity & Innovation

10

15

25

35

42

Emotional Intelligence

8

26

38

28

28

Critical Thinking &Analytical Skills

9

11

36

30

42

Adaptability & Flexibility

8

18

32

26

44

Collaboration & Communication

7

14

31

35

41

SKILLS

Highly valuable(4-5)

Average(3)

comparitively less valuable(1-2)

Creativity & Innovation

77

25

25

Emotional Intelligence

56

38

34

Critical Thinking &Analytical Skills

72

36

20

Adaptability & Flexibility

70

32

26

Collaboration & Communication

76

31

21

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DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

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27

Highly valuable(4-5)

 

 

Mean

70.2

Standard Error

3.773592

Median

72

Mode

#N/A

Standard Deviation

8.438009

Sample Variance

71.2

Kurtosis

2.834278

Skewness

-1.62837

Range

21

Minimum

56

Maximum

77

Sum

351

Count

5

INTERPRETATION:

Mean:70.2

Standard Deviation:8.438

Skewness:-1.62837

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Here,The standard deviation is less than nearly 1/3rd of the mean .Which means the Sample data are closely bounded.

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The skewness is close to zero and it is negatively Skewed

means,the majority of the sample is normally distributed,very close to the mean,only minority of the sample is below the mean value

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Now we can conclude that ALL the skills are Highly valuable with just a minor difference between them. The ranking is given based on the descriptive analysis as

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RESULT:

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SKILLS

Value

Creativity and Innovation

Very Highly valuable

Collaboration and Communication

Very Highly valuable

Critical thinking & Analytical skills

Very Highly Valuable

Adapatability and Flexibility

Very Highly valuable

Emotional Intelligence

Highly Valuable

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3.ASSESING THE CHALLENGES FACED BY PEOPLE WHILE RESKILLING /UPSKILLING

3.1 Do people really face challenges on reskilling /upskilling themselves?

DATA INTERPRETATION

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TOTAL SAMPLE SIZE:128

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3.2 If Yes, What would be the possible challenges you might face?

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​

28

YES

104

81.3%

NO

24

18.8%

CHALLENGES

TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENT-AGE(%)

Identifying the right skills that is suitable

71

61.2

Limited industry exposure

40

34.5

Limited practical experience

56

48.3

Limited access to technology

30

25.9

Fear of winning the competition race

25

21.6

DATA INTERPRETATION

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DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

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Sample data analysis on challenges

 

 

Mean

44.4

Standard Error

8.500588215

Median

40

Mode

#N/A

Standard Deviation

19.0078931

Sample Variance

361.3

Kurtosis

-1.260879521

Skewness

0.607290653

Range

46

Minimum

25

Maximum

71

Sum

222

Count

5

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INTERPRETATION:

Mean:44.4

Standard Deviation:19.0078931

Skewness: 0.607290653

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Here,The standard deviation is less than nearly 1/2nd part than that of the mean .Which means the Sample data are somewhat closely bounded.

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The skewness is close to zero and it is Positively Skewed.

means,the majority of the sample is normally distributed, very close to the mean, only minority of the sample is above the mean value

​

Now we can conclude that 2-3 out of 5 challenges are most commonly faced by the Sample Population with just a minor difference between them. The ranking is given based on the descriptive analysis as

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RESULT:

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Challenges

Effectiveness of Challenge

Identifying the right skills that is suitable

The Most Commonly faced challenge

Limited practical experience

More commonly faced challenge

Limited industry exposure

Commonly faced challenge

Limited access to technology

Comparitively less commonly faced challenge

Fear of winning the competition race

Comparitively less commonly faced challenge

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4 . ASSESSING THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAYS TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGE�

4.1 QUESTION:What do you think is the best way to overcome these challenges for the skill gap?

DATA INTERPRETED

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WAYS TO OVERCOME THIS CHALLENGE

NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

(%)

Bringing out relevant reforms in the education system/Training & Development sector

28

21.9

Self Development

29

22.7

Both

71

55.5

4.2 OPTED BOTH

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QUESTION 1:REFORMS IN EDUCATION SYSTEM  / TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT SECTOR

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What are the possible reforms you think that an education system / Training & Development sector can bring to prepare students for upcoming Job trends ?

​

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DATA INTERPRETED

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POSSIBLE REFORMS

TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE

PERCENTAGE

(%)

Emphasize critical thinking & Problem solving skills

50

70.4

Encourage Interdisciplinary learning

33

46.5

Offer more Technical Training

43

60.6

Prefer more Practical knowledge than theoritical knowledge

42

59.2

Updated Curriculum

30

42.3

Appointing relevantly Skilled teachers

27

38

Providing opportunities to work on creative/innovative projects and encourage the Students or candidates

50

70.4

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

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Mean

39.29

Standard Error

3.54

Median

42.00

Mode

50.00

Standard Deviation

9.38

Sample Variance

87.90

Kurtosis

-1.87

Skewness

-0.11

Range

23.00

Minimum

27.00

Maximum

50.00

Sum

275.00

Count

7.00

INTERPRETATION:

Mean:39.29

Standard Deviation:9.38

Skewness:-0.11

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Here,The standard deviation is less than nearly 1/4th of the mean .Which means the Sample data are closely bounded.

The skewness is close to zero and it is negatively Skewed

means,the majority of the sample is normally distributed,very close to the mean,only minority of the sample is below the mean value

Now we can conclude that ALL the Possible reforms in EDUCATION and TRAINING& DEVELOPMENT SECTOR are Highly Welcomed with just a minor difference between them. The ranking is given based on the descriptive analysis as

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REFORMS

NEEDNESS

Emphasize critical thinking & Problem solving skills

Very Highly needed

Providing opportunities to work on creative/innovative projects and encourage the Students or candidates

Very highly needed

Offer more Technical Training

Very Highly needed

Prefer more Practical knowledge than theoritical knowledge

Highly needed

Encourage Interdisciplinary learning

Highly needed

Updated Curriculum

​

Needed

Appointing relevantly Skilled teachers/Trainers

Needed

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QUESTION 2:How can an individual develop their skills for post AI jobs on their own

DATA INTERPRETED

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SELF DEVELOPMENT

Frequency

PERCENT

-AGE(%)

Doing Specialization in related courses in high demand jobs

41

57.7

Continuous learning (Staying updated of recent trends)

54

76.1

Collaborating yourself with various projects/internships

42

59.2

Improving the soft skills by themselves like communication,leadership,teamwork

50

70.4

Other

2

2.8

SELF DEVELOPMENT

 

 

 

Mean

46.75

Standard Error

3.145764

Median

46

Mode

#N/A

Standard Deviation

6.291529

Sample Variance

39.58333

Kurtosis

-3.97642

Skewness

0.316215

Range

13

Minimum

41

Maximum

54

Sum

187

Count

4

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

INTERPRETATION

Mean:46.75

Standard Deviation:6.29

Skewness: 0.3162

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​

​

Here,The standard deviation is less than nearly 1/7th part than that of the mean .Which means the Sample data are very closely bounded.

The skewness is close to zero and it is Positively Skewed.

means,the majority of the sample is normally distributed, very close to the mean, only minority of the sample is above the mean value

Now we can conclude that all the Self development practices are most commonly needed for the skill development of Job candidates in this age of AI . The ranking is given based on the descriptive analysis as

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SELF DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES

NEEDNESS

Continuous learning (Staying updated of recent trends)

Very Highly needed

Improving the soft skills by themselves like communication,leadership,teamwork

Very highly needed

Collaborating yourself with various projects/internships

Very Highly needed

Doing Specialization in related courses in high demand jobs

Highly needed

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5.COMPARISON TEST

Association between Age and frequency of next plan selection of Sample population:

DATA ANALYSIS:

INTERPRETED DATA: Distribution between age & Frequency

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AGE

Count of What is your next plan after this

15-17

3

Entrepreneurship

1

Higher Studies

2

18-25

118

Career shift

8

Developing your Existing Business

2

Entrepreneurship

8

going to a job

81

Higher Studies

19

26-35

8

going to a job

4

Higher Studies

3

Job & entrepreneurship

1

36-45

2

Developing your Existing Business

2

45 and above

4

Entrepreneurship

2

Farming

1

Self business

1

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DATA ANALYSIS: Chi Square test is used here to analyse the data

OBSERVED OUTCOME EXPECTED OUTCOME

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36

AGE/NEXT PLAN

GOING TO A JOB

HIGHER STUDIES

TOTAL

18-25

81

19

100

26-35

4

3

7

TOTAL

85

22

107

AGE/NEXT PLAN

GOING TO A JOB

HIGHER STUDIES

TOTAL

18-25

79.43925234

20.56074766

100

26-35

5.560747664

1.439252336

7

TOTAL

85

22

107

AGE/NEXT PLAN

GOING TO A JOB

HIGHER STUDIES

​

18-25

0.030664101

0.118474936

​

26-35

0.438058588

1.69249909

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ANALYSED OUTCOME

CHI SQUARE TEST

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X^2

2.279696715

df

1

p value

0.131077503

other p value

0.131077503

REASON FOR USING CHI-SQUARE TEST:

To check whether there is any association between age and the people’s next plan.

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INTERPRETATION:

Calculated p-value through the Chi-square test is: 0.1310

HYPOTHESIS:

NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no association between age and next plan they have chose

P>0.05 where alpha=0.05

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

There is an association between age and next plan

P<0.05 where alpha=0.05

Now the calculated p value from the analysis is 0.1310>0.05.

Therefore we reject the Alternate Hypothesis

Outcome: Null hypothesis is True

RESULT: There is no association between age and the next plan Chosen

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OUTCOMES :

  • The awareness level of sample people is found

Nearly 62.30% are highly Aware of the recent discussions that AI(Artificial Intelligence) advancements might eventually take over / replace many jobs.

  • The most valuable skill is assessed

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  • The challenges faced by people in reskilling and upskilling is assessed
  • The Possible way of overcoming this skillgap challenges is assessed
  • Association between Age and frequency of next plan selection of Sample population

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SKILLS

Value

Creativity and Innovation

Very Highly valuable

Collaboration and Communication

Very Highly valuable

Critical thinking & Analytical skills

Very Highly Valuable

Adapatability and Flexibility

Very Highly valuable

Emotional Intelligence

Highly Valuable

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CONCLUSION

The assessment process involved identifying the most critical skills and knowledge required, assessing the extent to which job candidates possess these skills, determining the skill gap that exists, identifying the factors contributing to the skill gap, and developing strategies to bridge the gap and improve the readiness of job candidates for AI-driven work environments.

This project aims to help employers and job seekers understand the essential skills needed in the age of AI and address the skill gap through targeted training and education programs.

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THANK YOU

WOODGROVE BANK