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Pressbooks as a Platform

A Vision for the future of OER Creation

10.13.17 | Open Education Conference

Steel Wagstaff, UW-Madison

Hugh McGuire, Founder of Pressbooks & Rebus Foundation

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Sharing, Gratitude, Hope

Circular giving differs from reciprocal giving in several ways… When I give to someone from whom I do not receive (and yet I do receive elsewhere), it is as if the gift goes around a corner before it comes back. I have to give blindly. And I will feel a sort of blind gratitude as well.

The smaller the circle is … the more a man can keep his eye on things and the more he will think like a salesman. But so long as the gift passes out of sight it cannot be manipulated by one man or one pair of gift partners. When the gift moves in a circle its motion is beyond the control of the personal ego, and so each bearer must be a part of the group and each donation is an act of social faith.

Lewis Hyde, The Gift

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Sharing, Gratitude, Hope

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Our fixation on [OER] discovery and assembly distracts us from other serious platform needs – like platforms for the collaborative development of OER and open assessments, where faculty and students can work together to create and update the core materials that support learning in our institutions.

If the OER community doesn’t … start providing and promoting viable alternatives to publishers’ platforms, the best possible future for OER is being locked down inside a Pearson MyLab playing second fiddle to proprietary content.

David Wiley, “Of OER and Platforms: Five Years Later,” January 24, 2017

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What is a Pressbook?

All published books exist as standalone web texts featuring landing page with:

  • descriptive metadata
  • cover image
  • table of contents
  • download options
  • licensing information [not shown]

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Portuguese language textbook published at UW-Madison

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Using Pressbooks

TOP RIGHT: Pressbooks uses a standard WordPress WYSIWYG editor. Editing texts and inserting media as easy as using a word processor. Collaborators can work together on the same text with different roles & permissions.

BOTTOM RIGHT: Pressbooks features a drag-and-drop chapter organization interface. Lets you create front & back matter, as well as two-level ‘part’ & ‘chapter’ organization for main content.

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Pressbooks Development Roadmap

2017 roadmap: https://pressbooks.org/roadmap/roadmap-2017/Major accomplishments:

  • Core improvements + work on metadata, theming, & accessibility
  • API for books! Book cloning!

Newly released roadmap for 2018: https://pressbooks.org/roadmap �Year of the author! What’s planned:

  • Editing and content improvements
  • Improved accessibility
  • User interface & theming
  • Import & Export enhancements

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Authoring Tool Wishlist

  • Easy to use
  • Collaborative, with version control
  • Standards-based, device & platform agnostic, compliant with Federal accessibility law and local policies
  • Permits open licensing, exports to multiple formats, gives readers durable access
  • Can include multimedia, annotation, & interactive learning activities [e.g. ?s with personalized feedback]
  • Works alone or inside a LMS. When used with LMS, has assessment and analytic capabilities.

What we’re working on

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Interactive Content

via H5P plugin

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Three examples of H5P activities in Pressbooks:1. True/False type question set [top left], 2. Fill in the blank activity [bottom left], 3. drag and drop [right]

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Collaborative Annotation

via Hypothes.is plugin

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At left: Pressbooks page with H5P activity and rich annotations

  • H5P activity
  • Image in annotation
  • Video in annotation
  • Annotation with external link
  • Embedded audio in annotation
  • Edit, delete, reply, share buttons for each annotation

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Integrating with an LMS

via Thin Common Cartridge and LTI plugins

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Import into an LMS

Thin Common Cartridges [IMS Global standard] consist of an XML manifest file and pointers to a number of structured resources. A Thin CC for a Pressbooks book will include discrete links for each of the book’s parts & chapters [top right].

If LTI links are used, content can load in an iFrame as though it were native to the LMS [a Pressbook in Canvas, bottom right].

We’re currently using a fork of Lumen Learning’s plugin for producing Thin CCs. We want to make Thin CC exports part of core Pressbooks.

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Configure LTI Integration in LMS

We’ve also forked Lumen’s LTI plugin, which lets us launch content securely and pass grades for specific activities back to the LMS gradebook. The example shown at left uses Canvas.

  • Configure app using key, secret, & launch URL for book generated by the LTI plugin.
  • Add an ‘external tool’ assignment in Canvas. Configure so that it uses the LTI link for the page itself.

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Pressbooks Editing Environment

  • Editing interface for main content.
  • Where to make glossary terms
  • Where to build H5P activities
  • Where to insert H5P activities or media
  • Interface for sending grade values from H5P activities to LMS via LTI integration

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Sample Interactive Reading Activity

  • Text w/ annotation (yellow highlights)
  • Glossary term (blue link with tooltip)
  • Audio & video
  • Annotation layer (uses Hypothes.is)
  • H5P activity in annotation pane

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Gathering Learning Analytics

via xAPI plugin and Learning Locker Learning Record Store

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How system connects

Authoring Tool [Pressbooks + H5P + Hypothes.is ]

xAPI statements [via H5P xAPI plugin]

Learning Record Store [Learning Locker]

Learning Management System [Canvas]

Content and Grades [via LTI plugin]

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Goals for Learning Analytics

We’re trying to make well-designed learning objects, but we have lots of questions:

  • When a learner accesses one of our books, what do they do? In what order?
  • How do they engage with the embedded media?
  • How do they interact with the annotation layer (i.e. do they read annotations, do they respond to others’ questions, do they post their own)?
  • Do they engage with the interactive H5P activities embedded throughout? If so, which ?s do most learners get right/wrong?

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Learning Locker Learning Record Store

  • Open source Learning Record Store
  • Records xAPI statements
  • Customizable Reports and CSV or JSON data exports

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List of xAPI Statements

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Sample xAPI Statement

xAPI statements are JSON ‘triples’ which must follow this basic pattern: [ACTOR] [VERB] [OBJECT] and can include additional contextual information.

This statement is an “answered” statement from a “Fill in the missing words” H5P activity.

  • Actor
  • Verb
  • Object
  • Description of the activity and the correct answers
  • “Context” section. More detail on next slide.

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Sample xAPI Statement, Cont

Additional “context” can often be quite useful.

  • Parent activity
  • ‘Grouping’ information
  • Result information. Can include a score value and completion state information

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Learning Locker ‘Reports’

Several custom reports can be configured to correspond to some subset of all statements stored in the LRS.

  • List of existing reports.

You can also see a graph and full list of statements for each ‘report’

  • ‘Graph’ for a sample report “Completed Piece of Jan’s activity”
  • Statements button: allows you to view only those statements which satisfy the conditions set in the report.

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Learning Locker ‘Exports’

Custom export routines can be configured for exporting pieces of the xAPI statements (as CSV or JSON files) for one or more reports.

  • List of existing ‘exports’.

You can customize which pieces of the xAPI JSON statement are included in the report.

  • Option for selecting which ‘report’ you want to run the export on.
  • List of xAPI fields you want to include in the report and the ‘field name’ you want to give them.

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Future Goals

  • Accomplish items on PB Development Roadmap
  • Simplify process for making & publishing activities (integrate plugins)
  • Better LRS dashboard/vizzes for students & instructors [API/Postman web app?]
  • Improve grade reporting. Our LTI tool still 1.1 & somewhat hack-y.
  • Only working with xAPI right now. xAPI statements from different tools not standardized or interchangeable. Want to use Caliper.

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Questions?

What do you want to know?