Starter Quiz

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Q1) How many chromosomes do we have in each cell?

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Q2) What are chromosomes made of?

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Q3) How do we describe the shape of a DNA molecule?

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Q1) 46 or 23 pairs.

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Q2) DNA

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Q3) Double helix.

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DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

Learning intentions

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To learn about how DNA is used to make proteins and how it is used to solve crimes.

Success Criteria

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I can name the structures made of DNA and where they are found in a cell.

I can state what molecule DNA is used to make.

I can name the section of DNA used to code for a protein.

I can explain how DNA can be used to solve crimes.

An Overview

Watch the following video and answer the questions in Activity 1 in the booklet.

Chromosomes

What is the role of the nucleus of a cell?

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus and carry genetic information.

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They are made of DNA.

Chromosomes

Each normal body cell has two matching sets of chromosomes.

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The 46 chromosomes normally found in a normal human cell is made up of two matching sets of 23.

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The only difference between the two sexes is that a human female has two X chromosomes, XX, while a human male has an X and a Y chromosome, XY. These are called the sex chromosomes.

Chromosomes are made of DNA

What is the structure of DNA called?

What is the base pairing rule?

Chromosomes are made of DNA

If you took the DNA from all the cells in your body and lined it up end to end, end to end, it would form a strand 6000 million miles long (but very, very thin).

DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

Learning intentions

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To learn about how DNA is used to make proteins and how it is used to solve crimes.

Success Criteria

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I can name the structures made of DNA and where they are found in a cell.

I can state what molecule DNA is used to make.

I can name the section of DNA used to code for a protein.

I can explain how DNA can be used to solve crimes.

Structure of DNA - recap

DNA consists of two molecules or strands that form a double helix.

The strands are held together by weak bonds that form between pairs of bases.

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There are 4 base pairs in DNA.

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These base pairs only bond together cross the DNA strands as:

Adenine - Thymine or A-T

Cytosine – Guanine or C-G

The purpose of DNA

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DNA contains the code that gives living things the instructions they need to make protein.

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Genes

A gene is a short section of DNA which codes for a specific protein.

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The order of bases determines the order of the amino acids joined together to make a protein.

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Genes

DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

Learning intentions

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To learn about how DNA is used to make proteins and how it is used to solve crimes.

Success Criteria

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I can name the structures made of DNA and where they are found in a cell.

I can state what molecule DNA is used to make.

I can name the section of DNA used to code for a protein.

I can explain how DNA can be used to solve crimes.

Heredity

Heredity is the passing of traits to offspring from its parents or ancestors.

You inherit genes from your parents.

If genes are ‘faulty’, you could inherit them too.

Unique DNA

• How many people in the world have identical DNA to yours?

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None, unless you are an identical twin!

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How can this be useful?

Uses of DNA

Each individual’s DNA is unique

Being able to identify an individual based on their DNA is extremely useful in:

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• forensics (crime scenes!)
• paternity testing
• Diagnosing diseases
• Personal identification??

Other Applications of DNA Profiling

• Personal Identification
• Disease susceptibility
• Mutations in specific genes, eg. ‘breast cancer’ genes
• Human origins and culture
• Tracing tribal migrations and effects of cultural isolation
• Identify potential suspects whose DNA may match evidence left at crime scenes
• Clear persons wrongly accused of crimes
• Identify crime and catastrophe victims
• Establish paternity and other family relationships
• Identify endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife officials

Take a note of 3 of these

DNA Profiling

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The process involves extracting DNA from bodily fluids, white blood cells and tissue samples.

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�This DNA profile is then stored in a central database and used to identify individuals from their DNA.

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If DNA samples found at a crime scene match the DNA of a suspect then it is more likely that the suspect is guilty.

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DNA Profiling

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Can you think of any negative aspects of DNA profiling?

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DNA Profiling

You are a journalist for a science magazine.

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Write an article of about 200 words, outlining the risks and benefits of DNA profiling.

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Remember to include your references.

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DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

Learning intentions

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To learn about how DNA is used to make proteins and how it is used to solve crimes.

Success Criteria

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I can name the structures made of DNA and where they are found in a cell.

I can state what molecule DNA is used to make.

I can name the section of DNA used to code for a protein.

I can explain how DNA can be used to solve crimes.

DNA Profiling

Was the suspect at the crime scene?

Which suspect was at the crime scene?

Crime Scene

Suspect 1

Suspect 2

Suspect 3

Suspect 4

DNA Profiling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkBUriMK9u8

Bingo

DNA

Gene

Chromosome

Amino acid

Protein

Nucleus

DNA Profiling

Heredity

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Bases

Adenine

Thymine

Guanine

Cytosine

Solving crimes

Paternity testing

Diagram:

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Examples:

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Definition:

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Linked words:

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This should be in your own words as much as possible to make it easier to remember.

BUT get your teacher to check it before continuing.

Keyword

Different words which link to your keyword

Make 3 sentences using this term appropriately.

Get this checked by the teacher.